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石油蒸发损耗及其控制技术的评价体系 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
黄维秋 《石油学报(石油加工)》2005,21(4):79-85
针对石油储运过程中各种操作条件下石油蒸发损耗的特点,探讨了石油蒸发损耗的计算公式和评价方法。目前,以浮顶罐和油气回收系统作为其主要的降耗设施。为评价其降耗效果,考虑法律条文、降耗率、油气排放标准和技术经济等因素,建立了评价方法、评价指标及计算方法,从而形成了石油蒸发损耗及其控制技术的完整的评价体系。该评价体系可用于引导、规范石油蒸发损耗及其控制技术的开发研究。 相似文献
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化工产品储运过程中产生的蒸发损耗是困扰石化储运和环保行业的重要课题,文中以苯装车工艺过程的产品损耗为例,指出推广和采用油气回收技术的迫切性和重要性;同时对4种油气回收技术:吸附法、吸收法、冷凝法和薄膜选择渗透法进行了比较和分析。 相似文献
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介绍了石脑油储存过程中存在的问题以及硫化物自燃的机理和产生的后果,分析了石脑油蒸发损耗的原因。针对储罐密封不严导致石脑油蒸发损耗的问题,采用了氮气密封技术。应用结果表明,氮气密封技术可以有效降低油品的蒸发损耗,为防止硫化物自燃提供了安全保证。 相似文献
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塔里木油田固定顶储罐油气损耗特点分析 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
油品在储运过程中主要发生静止储存损耗(小呼吸损耗)和油品储运吞吐时的损耗(大呼吸损耗)。小呼吸损耗的影响因素包括储罐的纯蒸汽压力、储罐温度和环境温度等的变化以及储罐蒸汽量、体积大小和绝热层,大呼吸损耗主要与油品物性(饱和蒸汽压和年储运吞吐量)有关。由于塔里木地区地理环境特殊,昼夜温差比较大,因面小呼吸损耗是固定顶罐油品蒸发损耗的主要原因。为此,在塔里木油田对一个储油罐群进行了现场测试。针对塔里木油田固定顶储罐油品蒸发损耗的特点,提出了降低油气蒸发损耗的措施和技术方法。 相似文献
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针对石化销售企业存在着严重的油品蒸发损耗,详细介绍了各种降耗技术和措施,重点阐述装卸油过程的降耗工艺技术路线和效益,指出油气损耗的研究内容和发展方向,认为我国在短期内对这方面的研究开发能取得突破性成果。 相似文献
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综合运用测录井、试油和实验分析测试资料及盆地模拟方法,在霸县凹陷古近系中深层今地层压力分析的基础上,恢复了古地层压力的演化过程,探讨了古地层压力对储层成岩作用的影响。分析结果表明,古近系中深层地层压力存在超压原始积累-超压降低2个阶段,其演化表现出“低-高-低”变化特征。沉积初期地层压力以常压为主,在距今约40 Ma开始发育超压,约25~20 Ma期间超压达到最高值,表现为强超压,随后地层压力持续降低,至今演化为常压、弱超压,局部地区发育中超压。早期快速埋藏导致的欠压实作用是地层超压形成的主要原因,而后期生烃增压作用不明显。古地层超压抑制了储层的成岩作用,具体表现为:①抑制压实作用的进行,从而保护储层的原生孔隙;②抑制黏土矿物的转化,减少Ca2+等的来源,从而减弱胶结作用发生,保护储层的孔隙;③抑制有机酸的生成,阻碍流体渗流与物质交换,从而不利于长石溶蚀作用的发生。 相似文献
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A two step process of organorefining (successive solvolytic extractions) using anthracene oi1-ethylenediamine-liquid paraffin followed by steam carbonization of coal afforded clean fuels from coal with higher heating values. Effect of heating rate and final temperature of pyrolysis on the pyrolysis of residual coal obtained after organorefining was studied. More than 60% coal was recovered as clean fuels by this process. Pretreatments such as reduction, depolymerization and reductive-depolymerization enhance the devoiati1ization yield through steam pyrolysis. The use of steam in pyrolysis inhibited condensation reactions and promoted the cracking of phenolic and condensed polycyclic aromatic ring structures. Dynamics of the two stage process has been studied. The observation that coal consists of 5 different types of molecules has been supported by the evidence. Behaviour of different types of coal molecules in the stepwise coal conversion is explained. Successive extraction by selected solvents followed by pyrolysis of residual coal obtained can be a useful technique for the studies of organic chemical structure of coal. 相似文献
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James G. Speight 《Petroleum Science and Technology》2013,31(9):1185-1186
ABSTRACT A two step process of organorefining (successive solvolytic extractions) using anthracene oi1-ethylenediamine-liquid paraffin followed by steam carbonization of coal afforded clean fuels from coal with higher heating values. Effect of heating rate and final temperature of pyrolysis on the pyrolysis of residual coal obtained after organorefining was studied. More than 60% coal was recovered as clean fuels by this process. Pretreatments such as reduction, depolymerization and reductive-depolymerization enhance the devoiati1ization yield through steam pyrolysis. The use of steam in pyrolysis inhibited condensation reactions and promoted the cracking of phenolic and condensed polycyclic aromatic ring structures. Dynamics of the two stage process has been studied. The observation that coal consists of 5 different types of molecules has been supported by the evidence. Behaviour of different types of coal molecules in the stepwise coal conversion is explained. Successive extraction by selected solvents followed by pyrolysis of residual coal obtained can be a useful technique for the studies of organic chemical structure of coal. 相似文献
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采用Aspen Plus流程模拟软件,根据实际生产中的裂解气组成数据,模拟了中国石油兰州石化公司24万t/a乙烯装置的急冷系统,分析了原料组成变化对急冷系统的影响,并以模拟计算结果为依据,对急冷系统进行了改造。结果表明,装置改造后,降低了急冷水的返塔温度和循环量,有效地抑制了急冷水乳化现象的发生。 相似文献
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深井钻柱的横向振动浅论 总被引:12,自引:2,他引:10
全面探讨了钻柱底部横向振动的产生、传播和消失过程。分析表明,横向振动只发生并存在于钻柱底部;底部钻具的屈曲、动力失稳和钻柱与井壁的碰撞是引起横向振动的直接原因;由钻头与地层相互作用引起的振动能,很大部分被螺旋屈曲段钻柱消耗;涡动和碰撞引起的中性点及中性支以上的振动,在向上传播过程中被钻井液阻尼抑制;钻柱轴向力影响振动频率和波的传播;中性点是危险点,但不是能量陷落点。 相似文献