外照射个人剂量监测的测量不确定度评定

外照射个人剂量监测数据可作为放射性工作人员受到的职业照射剂量证明,具有法律效力,因此监测数据的准确可靠尤为重要。中核核电运行管理有限公司个人剂量监测中心于2017年先后取得中国计量认证(CMA)认证和放射卫生技术服务机构资质认证双资质,除了中心内部质量保证措施外,还定期参加年度全国放射卫生技术机构检测能力考核。文章基于2019年考核实验结果(合格)进行了数据分析以及测量不确定度评定,各实验组测量结果的相对扩展不确定度均在10%以内,中心外照射监测系统性能良好,确保了监测数据的准确性和可靠性。     

光致荧光材料CaS:Eu,Sm在辐射剂量测量中的应用

采用碳还原法合成了CaS：Eu,Sm,并对光激励发光材料CaS：Eu,Sm的辐射剂量特性进行了研究。将CaS：Eu,Sm材料做成PMMA剂量片在^60Coγ源下接受辐照,然后搭建在线实时测试系统对剂量片发出的荧光信号进行测量。文中主要探讨了光激励发光材料CaS：Eu,Sm在辐射剂量测量中的应用。     

一套小型数据获取系统及CaF2(Eu)性能的测量

介绍了用于暗物质预先研究的一套小型数据获取系统，软件由VC^ 6.0开发而成，有很好的工作界面，利用这套系统初步测量了即将用于WIMP探测的CaF2(Eu)晶体的性能。     

空气条件下合成的CaBPO5:Eu、SrB4O7:Eu和Ba3(PO4)2:Eu的XANES和发光性质

测定了采用高温固相反应在空气条件下合成的发光体CaBPO5：Eu、SrB4O7：Eu和Ba3(PO4）2：Eu的Eu-L3边的X射线吸收近边结构(XANES)谱和发光光谱。从发光体的Eu—L3边XANES可见，Eu^3 -L3边能量比Eu^2 -L3边能量高7—8eV；3个发光体的激发光谱和发射光谱均可看到Eu^2 的4f-5d跃迁和Eu^3 的4f-4f跃迁。发光体的Eu—L3边的XANES和发光光谱说明空气条件下合成的发光体中Eu^3 可部分还原为Eu^2 。     

用TLD方法测量钴圃照射量率

钴圃照射量率的测量,是为了通过伦琴-戈瑞转换给出圃中活体植株的吸收剂量。由于钴圃处于野外,环境条件变化大、干扰因素多,加上作物生长过程的不同影响,圃区照射量率分布极为复杂。另一方面,钴圃照射要求同时给出圃区各植株的吸收剂量。为了满足钴圃的特殊要求,又能有足够的测量精度,我们采用了热释光剂量计(TLD)方法。     

一套小型数据获取系统及CaF2(Eu)性能的测量

介绍了用于暗物质预先研究的一套小型数据获取系统.软件由VC++ 6.0开发而成,有很好的工作界面.利用这套系统初步测量了即将用于WIMP探测的CaF2(Eu)晶体的性能.     

Characteristics of CaSO4(Mn) Film Phosphors for Use as Thermoluminescent Dosimeter

A thermoluminescent dosimeter of the thin film of CaSO₄(Mn) was prepared and its optical and dosimetric properties were investigated.

Glow curve, transmission and thermoluminescent spectra as optical properties of the film phosphors were measured, and these properties were suitable for the dosimetry.

Energy dependence, linearity of the dose and the fading as the dosimetric properties were measured. Measurable minimum dose of the film phosphors was about 10^-3R and their energy dependence on the low or high energy electrons was found.     

SrSO4:EU和CaSO4:EU的热释光和光释光发光谱

测量了SrSO4：Eu(摩尔分数为0．1％)和CaSO4：Eu(摩尔分数为0．1％)的光释光发光谱和热释光发光谱,得到SrSO4：Eu的光释光发光波长与热释光发光波长均为375nm,而CaSO4：Eu的光释光发光波长与热释光发光波长均为385nm,说明热释光和光释光具有相同的发光中心,均来自于Eu^2 的能级跃迁。同时在CaSO4：Eu的热释光发光谱中还观察到了Eu^3 的发光。     

动力堆辐照元件中燃耗测定和~(149)Sm,~(150)Sm含量,~(154)Eu/~(155)Eu,~(154)Eu/~(152)Eu比值与燃耗的关系

本文用同位素稀释质谱法,以~(148)Nd为燃耗监测体对某动力堆元件的燃耗进行了测定。还测定了裂变产物中的高中子毒物~(149)Sm的含量。对~(150)Sm的含量测定结果表明,它能反映出核燃料燃烧的程度,为一直线关系。γ谱法测得的~(154)Eu/~(155)Eu比值和燃耗呈曲线关系。     

Age-dependent dose conversion coefficients for external exposure to radioactive cesium in soil

To estimate effective doses for members of the public exposed to external radiation from radioactive cesium (¹³⁴Cs and ¹³⁷Cs) deposited on the ground by the Fukushima nuclear accident, we calculate the conversion coefficients for converting activity concentration to effective dose rate by using the Particle and Heavy Ion Transport Code System. The data were produced from different age groups within the public (newborns; 1-, 5-, 10-, and 15-year-old children; and adults) for the situations in which radioactive cesium is distributed uniformly in the soil over a planar area and at specific depths of 0.0, 0.5, 2.5, 5.0, 10.0, and 50.0 g/cm². On the basis of the results, we also derive the conversion coefficients for exponentially distributed volumetric sources. In addition, we obtain the conversion coefficients that give the effective dose accumulated over the first and second months, the first year, and over a lifetime (50 years) because of the contamination remaining on the ground. These calculations indicate that the conversion coefficients to obtain the effective dose rate are higher for the younger ages compared with adults, but do not exceed the ambient dose equivalent rate. Furthermore, we find that the difference between the calculated effective dose rates according to the International Commission on Radiological Protection 1990 and 2007 Recommendations is small (7% maximum) for a ground contamination of radioactive cesium.     

4πβ(pc)-γ(HPGe)符合法测量166mHo活度

用4πβ（pc)-γ（HPGe)符合法测量了^166mHo比活度，实验选择与两β分支分别级联的752keVγ射线和712keVγ射线，这两条γ跃迁终态是同一能级，通过测量γ谱和符合γ谱得到β探测器对166mHo两β分支的探测效率，根据实验测量的对^166Er7能级以下内转换电子的探测效率，用能级效率的方法确定了内转换电子效率等于1的能量阈。     

低剂量离子在物体样品中透射行为的研究

利用金硅面垒探测器测量低剂量率的Ｆ离子在生物组织样品（洋葱内表皮和芸豆种皮）中的透射能谱,用来研究荷能离子在生物样品中的能损和深度分布,实验中Ｆ离子能量为９００ｋｅＶ－６ＭｅＶ剂量率大约为１０＾４ｉｏｎｓ／ｓ·ｃｍ＾２。用ＳＥＭ观测样品在离子束轰击下可能发生的损伤,实验中测量了了不同能量离子样品中的透射能谱,利用ＳＩＮＲＡ对测量得到的透射能谱进行了拟合分析,并讨论了生物样品的特殊结构对透射能谱和离