基于Matlab/Simulink的风力机性能仿真研究

随着风力发电技术的发展,变速风力发电技术成为了风力发电发展的趋势。风力机作为变速风力发电机组的重要部分,其性能影响到风力发电机组的整体性能。根据变速风力机的静态性能特点,采用Matlab／Simulink软件对其进行建模,并给变速风力发电机组风力机输入模拟变速风速进行仿真研究,给出了风力机的静态性能数据和仿真波形。结果表明：通过调节影响风力机性能的各因素,保持发电机的转速与主导风速之间特定的最优比例系数,使得风力机保持在最佳叶尖速比下运行,跟随变速风速可实现最大风能捕获;对变速风力机的静态性能研究建模方法是正确可行的。     

变速恒频风力发电机组动态模型及并网研究

分析了风力发电系统的特点,着重介绍了变速恒频（Variable Speed Constant Frequency,VSCF）风力发电机组运行的基本原理．在此基础上,探讨了风力发电机组各部分的仿真建模,并分析了目前适用于不同条件下的双馈感应式异步发电机（Double—Fed Induction Generator,DFIG）变速恒频（AC—Exited Variable Speed Constant Frequency,AEVSCF）风力发电机的数学模型。对含变速恒频风机电网系统的故障扰动过程进行仿真分析．结果验证了建模的正确性。在故障扰动的最后对未来风电机组建模的研究重点提出了一些建议。     

基于混杂自动机的大型风力发电机组全程控制

风力发电系统是具有不确定性的复杂非线性系统,机组运行工况变化十分频繁。通过对风力发电机组的系统特性分析,发现风力发电系统呈现出混杂系统的典型特征。因此,基于混杂自动机理论建立了1.5 MW双馈型风电机组的混杂动态模型,并根据风力发电机组控制策略设计了能够在机组运行中实现全程自动化的混杂控制系统。仿真结果表明,基于混杂自动机的动态模型可以实现风电机组的全程模拟,所设计的混杂控制系统能够满足风电机组全程控制要求,证明了混杂系统理论应用于风力发电研究领域的有效性。     

基于MATLAB的风力发电机组建模和仿真研究

变桨距控制技术是风力发电机组提高对风能的利用的有效方法,由于外界环境的随机性和控制变量的多样性,风力发电系统是一个非线性的系统,其数学模型的建立和仿真是一个难点。本文基于Matlab软件平台,采用机理建模法建立了风力发电机组的各个分系统的子模型,组合成整个机组的数学模型,并采用PID控制算法实现风力发电机组在不同风速下对风能利用的最大化,仿真结果验证了系统模型和控制算法的正确性,为风机控制的创新奠定了理论基础。     

风力发电机组建模研究现状

风力发电系统的建模是对风力机系统进行控制和优化的基础。该文讨论了风力发电系统建模的思想,对在国内外的风力发电机组建模中已经采用的模型、方法及其应用的优缺点进行了综合分析,并在分析的基础上,介绍了模型的简化方法和线性化方法,结合学科发展的趋势,提出了以后的发展目标,这对有关风力发电机组的建模和控制方面有一定的借鉴意义。     

模糊控制在风力发电系统功率控制中的应用

建立风力发电系统仿真模型,提出应用模糊控制调节风力发电机组输出功率的控制策略.在额定风速以下,采用最佳功率给定法.以追踪最大风能利用系数作为控制目标,提出应用模糊控制器和查表来调节发电机输出功率的方法;在额定风速以上,设计了基于变量化因子的模糊控制器,快速调节风力发电的桨矩角,使输出保持为额定功率.仿真结果证实了该控制策略的有效性,提高了风力发电机组的运行效率.     

基于多时间尺度的并网型风力发电机组模型

对采用异步发电机与电网直接相连的风力发电机组进行了建模,并利用多时间尺度系统理论对模型进行了简化,采用仿真方法验证了简化后的模型的有效性。此外,还对整个风力发电系统的运行方式,补偿电容的动态作用进行了详细的分析,说明了此种风电机组的优缺点。     

风力发电传动系统的建模与数字模拟研究

通过分析风力发电机组中传动系统的特性,针对不同类型的风力发电机组提出了灵活的传动系统建模方法(包括4种模型:刚性轴感应发电机模型、柔性轴感应发电机模型、刚性轴变速发电机模型和柔性轴变速发电机模型),并采用数字模拟方法在软件中加以实现,与商业风力机计算分析软件GH-Bladed中的风力发电系统运行结果进行对比,验证了模型的准确性,运行结果表明,该文提出的建模方法能够满足不同传动系统的惯性要求,并且能方便的在软件中根据实际风力机参数进行模型选择和参数设置,为实验室模拟风力发电系统提供了理论依据和模拟方法。     

液压型风力发电机组最优功率追踪控制方法研究

为研究风力发电机组风能利用率,对液压型风力发电机组的风力机特性和液压主传动闭式系统进行建模分析,提出一种变步长的最优功率追踪控制方法.该方法根据风力机角速度和发电功率判断风力机运行区间,依据不同的运行区间对给定功率进行实时调整,通过控制发电功率间接控制风力机角速度,实现最优功率追踪控制.基于30kVA液压型风力发电机组实验平台进行仿真和实验研究.结果表明:采用变步长最优功率追踪控制方法,系统压力和发电功率可准确地跟踪风速变化,该方法具有良好的控制效果.     

风力发电机组故障诊断与预测技术研究综述

要想有效保证风力发电机组运行安全性和稳定性,需要对机组运行工作过程中存在的各种问题进行合理解决。该文首先针对风力发电机组在工作过程中产生的故障问题诊断方法进行分析和研究,同时提出相应的故障预测技术方法,全面提高风力发电机组的工作安全性和稳定性,提高风力发电质量,同时为后续类似工作的开展提供必要的参考和借鉴。     

Design and thermodynamic modeling of a renewable energy based plant for hydrogen production and compression

In the examined paper, a solar and wind energy supported integrated cycle is designed to produce clean power and hydrogen with the basis of a sustainable and environmentally benign. The modeled study mainly comprises of four subsystems; a solar collector cycle which operates with Therminol VP1 working fluid, an organic Rankine cycle which runs with R744 fluid, a wind turbine as well as hydrogen generation and compression unit. The main target of this work is to investigate a thermodynamic evaluation of the integrated system based on the 1st and 2 nd laws of thermodynamics. Energetic and exergetic efficiencies, hydrogen and electricity generation rates, and irreversibility for the planned cycle and subsystems are investigated according to different parameters, for example, solar radiation flux, reference temperature, and wind speed. The obtained results demonstration that the whole energy and exergy performances of the modeled plant are 0.21 and 0.16. Additionally, the hydrogen generation rate is found as 0.001457 kg/s, and the highest irreversibility rate is shown in the heat exchanger subcomponents. Also, the net power production rate found to be 195.9 kW and 326.5 kW, respectively, with organic Rankine cycle and wind turbine. The final consequences obtained from this work show that the examined plant is an environmentally friendly option, which in terms of the system's performance and viable, for electrical power and hydrogen production using renewable energy sources.     

Supervisor control for a stand-alone hybrid generation system using wind and photovoltaic energy

A comprehensive supervisor control for a hybrid system that comprises wind and photovoltaic generation subsystems, a battery bank, and an ac load is developed in this paper. The objectives of the supervisor control are, primarily, to satisfy the load power demand and, second, to maintain the state of charge of the battery bank to prevent blackout and to extend the life of the batteries. For these purposes, the supervisor controller determines online the operation mode of both generation subsystems, switching from power regulation to maximum power conversion. Decision criteria for the supervisor based on measurable system variables are presented. Finally, the performance of the supervisor controller is extensively assessed through computer simulation using a comprehensive nonlinear model of the plant.     

Frequency deviation control by coordination control of FC and double-layer capacitor in an autonomous hybrid renewable energy power generation system

In this paper, a novel control strategy for frequency control in stand-alone application based on coordination control of fuel cells (FCs) and double-layer capacitor (DLC) bank in an autonomous hybrid renewable energy power generation system is implemented. The proposed renewable energy power generation subsystems include wind turbine generator (WTG), photovoltaic system (PV), FC system and DLC bank as energy storage system. The system performance under different condition has been verified by using real weather data. Simulation results demonstrate the validity of proposed studied hybrid power generation system feeding isolated loads in power frequency balance condition.     

Generation Cost Assessment of an Isolated Power System With a Fuzzy Wind Power Generation Model

This paper presents a fuzzy set based modeling of wind power generation. The wind power generation has been solved by the proposed fuzzy generation for an island in Taiwan. The cost effectiveness of wind power generation is then evaluated by calculating the avoided generation cost of diesel generators. The load survey study has been performed to find the typical daily load patterns of various customer classes. With the typical load patterns and total energy consumption by each customer class, the load composition and daily power profile of the isolated power system are therefore derived. The wind power generation of eight wind turbines and the corresponding avoided generation cost is estimated by the fuzzy generation model according to the hourly wind speed. The power generation and the corresponding cost of diesel generators required to meet the system power demand with wind power generation have therefore been obtained. It is found that the wind power generation can economically and effectively substitute the generation cost of the diesel power plant and provide the partial power supply capability for the net peak load demand.     

High-Order Sliding Control for a Wind Energy Conversion System Based on a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator

This paper presents the output power control of a wind energy conversion system (WECS) based on a permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG). It is assumed that the considered wind module integrates a stand-alone hybrid generation system, jointly with a battery bank, a variable ac load, and other generation subsystems. The operation strategy of the hybrid system determines two possible operation modes for the WECS, depending on the power requirements of the load and the wind availability. The paper deals with the design of a combined high-order sliding mode (HOSM) controller for the power control of the WECS on both operational modes. The main features of the obtained controller are its chattering-free behavior, its finite-time reaching phase, its simplicity, and its robustness with respect to external disturbances and unmodeled dynamics. The performance of the closed-loop system is assessed through representative computer simulations.      

A statistical model for comparing future wind power scenarios with varying geographical distribution of installed generation capacity

As installed wind generation capacity increases, understanding the effect of wind power on the electric power system is becoming more important. This paper introduces a statistical model that can be used to estimate the variability in wind generation and assess the risk of wind generation contingencies over a large geographical area. The analysis of the installed wind generation capacities is separated from the analysis of the spatial and temporal dependency structures. This enables the study of different future wind power scenarios with varying generation capacities. The model is built on measured hourly wind generation data from Denmark, Estonia, Finland and Sweden. Three scenarios with different geographical distributions of wind power are compared to show the applicability of the model for power system planning. A method for finding the scenario with the minimum variance of the aggregate wind generation is introduced. As the geographical distribution of wind power can be affected by subsidies and other incentives, the presented results can have policy implications. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A new concept for integrating a thermal air power tube with solar energy and alternative, waste heat energy sources and large natural or man-made, geo-physical phenomenon

A method for power generation combining a solar concentration system and a pneumatic power tube system in a large open pit is described. Solar energy is concentrated by a plurality of heliostat mirrors placed along the embankment of the pit, which tends to be spherical in contour. The pneumatic tubes recover waste heat energy from the solar Rankine power cycle system and from a variety of sources that originate from or are in close proximity to the very deep, man-made open-pit mine or from other naturally occurring geo-physical chasms. The man-made or naturally formed chasms provide structural support for the pneumatic power tubes. The air in the tubes is heated by the recovered waste energy, and in so doing, its density is sufficiently reduced so as to produce air drafts from which mechanical power can be recovered from wind turbines and converted into electrical power by suitable electric generators. The deep chasms can be from a man-made phenomenon such as commissioned, open-pit mines or from naturally occurring fissures in the earth. The waste heat can be from solar energy, ground source energy or products of combustion from waste products that are to be mitigated or destroyed. The concept is novel in its integration of a solar powered heat engine with recoverable waste heat via the proposed pneumatic power tube as well as in the means of structural support that the geo-physical phenomenon provides and the modularity (for ease in manufacturing and installation) that makes the pneumatic power tube economically viable. The complete system uses state-of-the art wind turbine power recovery, solar reflective surfaces for solar energy collection, heat pipe arrays for ground source heat recovery, and air diffuser subsystems for enhanced wind turbine efficiency.     

变速恒频直驱型风电系统变流器拓扑结构研究

直接驱动型变速恒频风力发电是一种新型的发电技术,它具有无齿轮箱、机械磨损小、整机效率高、运行维护成本低等优点,在风力发电领域中有着很好的应用前景。该系统需要采用全功率变流器,对应的大功率变流器单元可以有不同的拓扑结构,根据每种电路拓扑的特点,整个系统的控制方法都会相应地发生变化。载波相移正弦脉宽调制技术（CarrierPhaseShiftedSinuousPulseWidthModulation,CPS-SPWM）可以在较低的开关频率下有效地抑制和消除低次谐波,并具有相当大的传输带宽,是一种适于大功率电力电子装置的较佳的开关调制策略。文章首先对直驱型变速恒频风力发电系统基本拓扑结构进行了对比分析,着重介绍了用CPS—SPWM调制方法控制的五电平级联变流器,及其在直驱型风力发电中的应用。直接驱动型风力发电系统几种大功率变流器拓扑结构对比分析,比较了各种拓扑结构的优缺点、技术难点,以及实际应用中存在的问题,并对大功率变流器在风力发电系统应用中的可行性进行了相关分析与探讨．为直驱风力发电系统拓扑结构的选型提供了参考基础。     

基于电池储能系统和双重扩展卡尔曼滤波的风能发电智能调度技术研究

风能等新能源发电系统在供电体系中的占比越来越大,但其随机性和波动性问题,将风力发电厂输出的电力直接向电网调度会造成安全隐患。为了解决这一问题,基于电池储能系统提出了一种风能发电智能调度技术,该技术以风力发电动力学模型和电池储能系统状态模型为基础,利用双重扩展卡尔曼滤波算法实现了风能发电系统的稳定输出。以某地风速实测数据和电网需求功率为参考,对不同算法的输出功率预测值进行了仿真分析和实验对比。结果表明：提出的改进算法预测的风速值误差相比于传感器观测值平均误差降低了28%以上,可以更准确地提供发电系统输出功率;提出的智能调度技术可以使电压波动幅度降低60%以上,系统整体输出功率稳定在参考功率附近,误差不超过2%,有一定的实用意义。