监理工程师失信行为意向形成机理研究

为提高监理工程师的信用水平,以计划行为理论为基础,从社会规范的视角,探讨监理工程师失信行为意向的形成机理影响因素。通过结构方程模型对来自152名监理工程师的数据进行分析,实证结果表明:监理工程师的行为态度以及社会规范(包括主观规范、描述型规范和道德规范)对其失信行为意向有显著影响,且态度在道德规范与行为意向之间起到部分中介作用,而知觉行为控制对失信行为意向的影响并不显著。该研究拓展了计划行为理论中规范的概念,丰富了建筑业人员失信行为的研究内容,为规范建筑业监理工程师的行为提供了理论支持。     

深圳市施工人员建筑废弃物减量化行为趋势研究

为比较分析施工人员减量化行为的转变,论证《深圳市建筑废弃物减排与利用条例》对施工人员减量化行为的影响,结合Ajzen 的计划行为理论设计了施工人员的建筑废弃物减量化行为意识量表,并于2009 年和2013 年对深圳市施工企业人员展开了两次调查。调查结果表明:该条例颁布实施后,施工人员减量化行为频率提高幅度为16.7%;减量化行为的改善主要是由知觉行为控制力提升引起的;施工人员是否实施减量化行为主要取决于他们是否愿意实施减量化行为。建议政府制定强制性的减量化行为实施细则,明确建设单位和施工单位的减量化目标,以提升施工人员感知到的社会压力,进而促进施工人员的减量化行为。     

Environmental performance measurement indicators in construction

Environmental management system (EMS) has been suggested for promoting effective environmental protection. Environmental performance assessment (EPA) is a critical tool of the EMS in checking, reviewing, monitoring and evaluating environmental performance of organizations. In order to implement EPA, performance measurement indicators (PMIs) that show the environmental performance outcome are required, which, however, are lacking in the construction industry. By conducting a structured survey, in the form of a questionnaire and interviews, this paper attempts to identify three key output indicators, namely “regulatory compliance”, “auditing activities” and “resources consumption”, and nine sub-indicators. On the basis of their relative importance, the top five sub-indicators are “fines and penalties”, “complaints/warnings”, “non-compliance records of inspection”, “non-conformance reports”, and “reports of marginal cases put under observations”. The first three sub-indicators fall into the “regulatory compliance” category and the latter two into the category of “auditing activities”.     

建筑工人不安全行为产生的认知原因和管理措施

建筑工人的不安全行为是造成安全事故的直接原因,且在建设现场非常普遍,迫切需要找到建筑工人不安全行为产生的原因,设计有效的管理措施以减少建筑工人的不安全行为。首先,界定两类直接导致事故的建筑工人不安全行为,分析两类不安全行为产生的认知过程,揭示不安全行为产生的认知机理。其次,以计划行为理论为理论基础,从态度、主观规范和行为控制感知三个维度,梳理"选择应对"环节失效的原因。再次,选取一个地铁工程项目,通过对建筑工人不安全行为的识别、观测和原因调研,对认知原因进行检验,结果证实:基于认知的建筑工人不安全行为原因分析思路是合理的;"选择应对"环节失效是导致建筑工人不安全行为的最主要原因。最后,针对"选择应对"环节失效的原因,提出不安全行为管理措施。     

工程施工中分包商的合同管理研究

工程分包是建筑施工中常见的承包方式。研究分包合同对于保证分包商圆满完成施工任务具有重要的意义。结合工程施工中分包商的施工特点。论述了分包商合同管理中的合同签订、合同执行、合同索赔以及FIDIC合同条件等内容。为分包商的合同管理奠定了一定的理论基础。     

A competency‐based performance model for construction project managers

The role of competency‐based performance management is growing in significance in many industries and sectors. Unlike functional competences, which measure performance against predetermined minimum occupational standards, competency‐based systems are founded on the key behavioural competencies that underlie superior levels of performance. In order to identify the key behaviours leading to performance excellence amongst construction project managers, in‐depth behavioural event interviews were used in which managers were asked to recount critical management incidents, decisions and actions from which their behavioural competencies could be identified. By delineating the sample according to their performance against a range of role‐based criteria, the competencies defining superior management performance were determined. Statistical techniques were then used to develop a model that can be used to predict likely employee performance, which was subsequently validated on a second criterion sample. The research identifies 12 core behavioural competencies that underpin effective project management performance, of which two – ‘composure’ and ‘team leadership’ – were the most predictive. The paper explores the potential role and application of the framework in the drive for performance excellence within the industry, such as in selection, management development, succession planning, performance management and team deployment. It is argued that it offers an innovative alternative to normative micro‐competence‐based approaches that do little to engender performance excellence amongst the industry's key managers and professionals.     

厦门国际会展中心（二期）项目大面积混凝土地坪施工技术探讨

通过厦门国际会展中心二期工程的大面积混凝土地坪施工,介绍了大面积混凝土地坪的施工技术、工艺措施及施工缝与伸缩缝协调处理等经验,提出保证大面积混凝土地坪施工质量的方法。     

Impacts of multi-layer chain subcontracting on project management performance

This paper investigates the impacts of applying the multi-layer chain subcontracting system on project management performance with reference to Hong Kong construction industry. Multi-layer chain subcontracting system is widely used within construction industry as it is considered advantageous in many aspects such as better efficiency of subcontractors’ operation due to their unique skills. However, the fact of poor quality products in construction practice raises the doubt about the effectiveness of the chain system. Accordingly, the reasons why the applications of the system contribute to poor project performance are examined. A survey conducted in the Hong Kong construction industry demonstrates that the multi-layer chain subcontracting system, while widely adopted, is largely flawed. Based on the survey results, application of multi-layer chain subcontracting system contributes largely to the poor performance across the all major aspects including quality and time management, cost control, and communication and coordination performance. The association exists between poor project management performance and the increase of the number of layers in the chain of the subcontracting arrangement. The long communication chain because of the increasing layers of subcontractors results in various problems such as communication errors, poor supervision on the bottom-layer contractors. Consequently overruns in cost and time, and abortive and remedial works are common. Recommendations for improving the practice are suggested and explored, including change the practice of the “lowest bid” to an approach which incorporate both price and technical performance, limit the number of subcontracting layers, restrain the use of “supply-and-fix” subcontracting arrangement, and enforce the implementation of government regulations. The findings of this study provide useful references in examining the practice of subcontracting system in other construction industries and identifying the areas where the improvements can be made for gaining the benefits of using the system.     

A framework for using mobile computing for information management on construction sites

The application of mobile computing in construction is becoming a major research theme in the domain of Information Technology in Construction. However, most research in this area focuses on a detailed aspect or single facet of a mobile computing technology. This paper introduces a framework for the implementation of mobile computing on construction sites, which comprises an application model and a technical model. The application model identifies the features of mobile computing, construction personnel, construction information, and construction sites, and explores the interactions that are likely to affect the implementation of mobile computing. The technological model generalizes mobile computing technologies and gives system designers a clear structure for designing mobile computing systems from a technical perspective. Finally, a case study of a real construction situation is used to validate this framework.     

高校大学生参与学科竞赛的意愿及其影响因素研究——以工程管理专业学生为例

随着高等教育的不断发展,学科竞赛作为培养人才的重要形式之一,受到了越来越多的关注。作为学科竞赛重要的参与者,高校大学生在参与竞赛的过程中面临对竞赛的认可度较低、缺乏信心、信息获取渠道单一,以及竞赛氛围欠佳等问题,导致大学生参与学科竞赛效果不尽如人意。因此,如何更有效地促进高校大学生参与学科竞赛也成为新时代教育重要研究课题之一。本研究基于计划行为理论和社会实践理论,结合高校大学生参与学科竞赛的特点,识别高校大学生参与学科竞赛意愿的影响因素,构建高校大学生参与学科竞赛意愿影响机理模型,并以工程管理专业大学生为例,运用SPSS和AMOS统计软件对回收的375份有效问卷进行信效度分析、因子分析和结构方程模型验证。研究发现,参与学科竞赛态度、主观规范、就业或者升学优势对高校大学生参与学科竞赛意愿有显著正向影响,而知觉行为控制、良好的学校竞赛氛围、高校大学生的个体特征对其参与学科竞赛意愿影响不大。在此基础上,从加大学生教育培养工作力度,改善学生参与学科竞赛态度;扩大学科竞赛信息宣传范围,提升学生参与学科竞赛主观规范;建立健全学科竞赛制度体系,凸显学生参与学科竞赛未来优势三方面提出促进高校大学生参与学科竞赛的建议。     

Application of geographic information systems in construction safety planning

Execution schedule and 2D drawings are generally used for hazards identification in the construction safety planning process. Planner visualises 2D drawings into a 3D model and mentally links its components with the respective activities defined in the schedule to understand the execution sequence in safety planning. Sequence interpretation and accordingly the hazards identification vary with the level of experience, knowledge and individual perspective of the safety planner. Therefore, researchers suggest the use of four dimensional (4D) modelling or building information modelling (BIM) to create the simulation of construction process by linking execution schedule with the 3D model. Both however lack in the features like: generation and updating of schedule, 3D components editing, topography modelling and geospatial analysis within a single platform which is now a major requirement of the construction industry. This work facilitates 4D modelling, geospatial analysis and topography modelling in the development of safe execution sequence by using geographic information systems (GIS), both 3D model along with its surrounding topography and schedule were developed and linked together within the same environment. During safety review process if planned sequence results a hazard situation, it may be corrected within the GIS itself before actual implementation. Paper also discusses the use of GIS in the development of safety database from which safety information are retrieved and linked with the activities of the schedule or components of a building model. 4D modelling along with topographical conditions and safety database in a single environment assist safety planner in examining what safety measures are required when, where and why. Developed methodology was tested on a real life project in India, lessons learned from the implementation have been discussed in the potential benefits and limitations section. At last, paper highlights major research areas for further improvements.     

尽快建立我国的工程造价管理信息系统

-建立工程造价管理信息系统应立足于基础工作 ,改革工程定额体系 ,收集整理已建工程和在建工程的造价资料 ,建立工程价格信息网 ,研究工程管理理论。     

学习者的情感因素对网络自我监控学习行为影响研究

在对大学非英语专业一、二年级学生在网络环境下自我监控学习能力的情况进行问卷调查的基础上,研究了网络环境下,大学英语学习者的学习动机、自我效能感和归因对其自我监控学习行为的影响。结果表明：这两个年级学生的自我监控水平偏低,各项指标差别不大,未呈现显著差异性;其自我监控行为与深层型学习动机呈极其显著的正相关,与表层型学习动机呈极其显著的负相关;其自我监控学习行为与自我效能感,呈极其显著的正相关;其自我监控学习行为与内部归因呈显著正相关,与外部归因呈显著负相关。同时,依据研究结果对大学英语网络教学提出了建议。     

施工项目管理与强化科学管理和合同管理意识

施工项目科学管理是施工项目成本管理的核心;工程合同管理是业主和承包商双方在工程项目实施中各种经济、技术活动的依据。本文拟结合实际工作,对如何获得工程合同的过程进行分析,重点阐述施工项目及合同实施过程中的的科学管理。     

关于高校学生工作年级化管理的实践与思考

本结合学生工作年级化管理的实践,分析了学生工作年级化管理的主要特点、理论依据和实践意义,并对完善年级化管理提出相应对策。     

Development of virtual and real-field construction management systems in innovative, intelligent field factory

In this study, we proposed a concept of virtual and real-field construction management systems (VR-Coms), which is integrated with virtual construction simulation, planning, scheduling, and performance management systems to evaluate productivity and safety in virtual simulated and real-field constructions. And, we built up a computational environment to develop the VR-Coms. The VR-Coms offer supporting modules for learning and discovering solutions with objective to manage construction at right speed with improved humanware and constructability. The configuration of VR-Coms is described. This paper also shows an application of agent theory to construction management.     

重三角级数解一对边简支一对边自由的矩形板

用重三角级数分析一对边简支、另一对边自由的矩形薄板在均布荷载作用下的弯曲变形,并结合算例进行了说明,得出了这种方法求解思路清晰、收敛速度快、计算精度高的结论,以推广该方法。     

建设项目承包人履约行为的结构维度与测量研究——基于契约参照点理论

契约参照点理论以合同为参照点给出解释承包人履约行为选择的新逻辑,但受到合同参照点效应影响的承包人履约行为的类型及表现形式尚不明确,亟需厘清承包人履约行为的结构维度并进行量化。首先,借鉴已有的承包人履约行为的测量题项,并对相似概念的测量题项进行情境化处理构建承包人履约行为测量的初始维度和量表。然后,通过273份问卷调查数据定量分析确定了承包人履约行为的最终构成维度和量表。研究表明,建设项目承包人履约行为的构念是由字面履约行为、尽善履约行为和机会主义行为等三维二阶因子构成。其中,字面履约行为是最常见的形式,其次是尽善履约行为;字面履约行为维度包含正确履行、充分完成及达到绩效目标等三个因子;尽善履约行为体现在自愿利他、主动控制风险、协同互助和弥补合同漏洞等四个方面;而机会主义行为由隐瞒信息、未完成承诺、逃避非正式协议和利用合同漏洞等四个子维度构成。该量表开发后,可为建设项目承包人履约行为的研究提供完整分析框架并对建设项目履约管理研究提供技术支持。