超低频天线最优波束成形设计研究

针对现有超低频天线发射端单一化缺陷和通信距离受限瓶颈,为实现超低频电磁发信系统的小型化和远距离传输,该文对旋转式永磁体机械天线的超低频电磁发信技术进行了理论创新和工程实践。探究多输入单输出(MISO)场景下超低频多机械天线电磁辐射理论,建立了基于三相感应电机的多机械天线阵列的空间磁场分布模型。仿真结果表明：利用三相感应电机组成的2元机械天线阵列可使磁感应强度在近场提高3 dB。该文还提出了多天线超低频近场最优波束成型技术。仿真结果表明：当天线之间的初始相位相等时径向接收磁场分量场强最大。设计高精度同步技术并搭建原理样机进行测试,实验结果表明：发送端采用2元天线组阵,信号功率提高6 dBm,传输距离可达50 m。     

中近程战术导航台空域覆盖特性分析

中近程战术导航系统（塔康,俄制近程）信标天线下视波分量因周边地面反射,与直射波叠加后其合成场强度随距离呈峰一谷状分布,位于谷区的飞机因场信号过弱会丢失导航信息。本文描述了基于信标天线胤载天线高度、方向图特性、地空距离、地面反射系数等参数的合成场峰一谷区分布规律,分析了各参数影响,并归纳了弱化反射场效应的选项。     

人体受到电磁辐射的仿真研究

基于可变网络的时域有限差分法,仿真了暴露于900MHz移动通信基站天线远区场中的人体和移动电话天线近区场中的人体头部电磁模型中产生的比吸收率分布,分析了基站天线和手机天线辐射对人体的影响。以理想点源天线作为基站天线,在人体正前方入射频率为900MHz的正弦平面波,仿真结果显示,人体在基站天线照射下的平均SAR值符合国际卫生部标准;以900MHz单频PIAF天线作为手机天线置于高仿真人体头部1cm处,仿真结果与环保标准比较,人体头部受到的照射剂量远低于安全标准。     

Simulation in human body caused by electromagnetic

基于可变网络的时域有限差分法,仿真了暴露于900MHz移动通信基站天线远区场中的人体和移动电话天线近区场中的人体头部电磁模型中产生的比吸收率分布,分析了基站天线和手机天线辐射对人体的影响。以理想点源天线作为基站天线,在人体正前方入射频率为900MHz的正弦平面波,仿真结果显示,人体在基站天线照射下的平均SAN值符合国际卫生部标准;以900MHz单频PIAF天线作为手机天线置于高仿真人体头部1cm处,仿真结果与环保标准比较,人体头部受到的照射剂量远低于安全标准。     

微波传能发射系统电磁辐射安全性研究

无线传能系统工作时在周围空间会激发高频电磁场,因此对无线传能系统有较高的电磁兼容性指标要求.文中通过对无线微波传能系统发射天线周围环境的电磁辐射进行建模和分析,以及微波传能基站对周围环境的电磁影响,研究了无线微波传能发射端周围空间电磁辐射的安全性.发射功率为500 W时,通过计算人体头部的比吸收率值,根据国际射频暴露的安全导则,基于理论分析和仿真实验界定了人体电磁暴露的安全区域,划定基站天线主波束、旁瓣、后瓣的安全距离分别为25 m、3 m、2 m,并给出了无线微波传能基站部署的参考方案,对于无线微波传能的实际应用具有重要的参考意义.     

平面隙缝阵列天线的宽带电磁散射特性分析

 针对主动雷达导引头对防空导弹武器系统制导雷达站检测与识别的需求,研究了平面隙缝阵列天线的宽带电磁散射特性.将天线的电磁散射机理与目标高频散射中心理论相结合,建立了天线的电磁散射模型,分别采用矩量法和物理光学法计算天线的模式项散射场和结构项散射场,并从理论上证明了天线散射中心的客观存在,分析了隙缝阵列天线的散射中心分布特征.最后对不同视角下天线的高分辨距离像进行了仿真,为进一步理解天线的电磁散射机理、分析其宽带电磁散射特性、以及采用高分辨率成像技术对雷达站进行检测与识别奠定了基础.     

宽频带高隔离度基站天线的设计

设计了一种适用于基站天线的宽频带高隔离度双极化对称阵子天线单元,利用电磁仿真软件HFSS对该基站天线单元的电特性进行仿真分析。仿真结果表明,天线在698～960 MHz频段内电压驻波比VSWR〈1.35,端口隔离度〉41 dB,且具有良好的小型化特性。该研究为低频段宽频带移动通信基站天线设计,提供了参考     

60GHz 毫米波在芯片无线互连中的传播特性研究

研究了60GHz 毫米波在芯片无线互连特定场景下的电磁传播问题。应用完整电磁理论,以单极阵子为研究对象在收发天线正对、非正对两种情形中,对径向分量在完整电磁波中的作用进行理论分析及数值仿真。数值仿真结果表明:当收发天线间距小于3 倍波长时,径向分量对完整电磁波有一定的贡献;当收发天线间距大于3 倍波长时,可应用传统远场分析进行近似处理。此外,在HFSS 中对特定的芯片间无线互连场景进行了建模及电磁仿真:当天线两端到PCB 介质板的距离约小于0. 7 ~ 0. 8mm 时,PCB 介质板对电磁波的反射会对天线造成一定的频偏,该频偏随着天线到PCB 介质板的距离的增大而减小;当天线两端到PCB 介质板的距离约大于0. 7 ~ 0. 8mm 时,基本不会造成频偏。这为60GHz 毫米波在芯片间无线互连中的应用提供了电磁传播的理论依据。     

汽车数字化标准信源系统识读距离仿真

为实现汽车数字化标准信源系统的采集基站建设和标签安装的最优配置,对无源射频识别（RFID）车辆身份管理系统的识读距离进行了仿真计算。在读写器天线与标签天线远场图确定的条件下,对采集基站的架设参数,例如天线的安装倾角,仿真计算得到目标车辆通过固定式龙门架无源RFID采集基站时的可识读距离,并进行比较分析。为汽车数字化标准信源系统不同车型的标签安装位置以及采集基站的架设提供了参考依据。     

TD—SCDMA移动通信基站电磁辐射的运行期环境影响预测与分析

浙江省的3G网络TD—SCDMA基站正在大量建设,本文通过选取在温州市已经运行两个TD—SCDMA基站的电磁辐射现状监测,对未建或在建基站的电磁辐射环境影响进行了预测与分析。由温州市两个已建基站的类比监测和分析可见,基站正常运行时对周围环境的电磁辐射贡献相对较低,类比监测结果均低于评价标准值;拟建基站对周围电磁辐射水平的贡献随与发射天线的距离增大而减小,若天线主瓣前方无遮挡物,则单个基站的电磁辐射贡献值能符合电磁辐射环境保护要求。     

基于共铁塔的基站天线对在线监测设备电磁影响研究

随着共享铁塔建设的全面开展,基站天线对同塔布置的输电线路在线监测设备的电磁干扰问题开始凸显。结合在线监测设备的电磁兼容标准,揭示了基站天线对在线监测设备的电磁干扰机理。通过建立电大尺寸金属散射体无源干扰求解模型,采用物理光学-矩量法混合算法求解基站天线在铁塔表面产生的感应电流,获得了在线监测设备处的散射电场值。以山东35 kV 共享铁塔为算例,以天线工作频率、天线与在线监测设备之间的间距为变量,分析了铁塔塔头型式、天线功率、天线倾角等不同工况下的散射电场变化规律。结果表明,铁塔塔头型式对干扰影响较小,而天线功率和倾角对干扰影响较大。以此为计算依据,建议天线与在线监测设备之间的防护间距为18m。     

分层伦伯透镜天线的辐射性能计算

介绍了伦伯透镜及伦伯透镜天线的特点，用经典电磁理论模式展开法计算平面波入射分层伦伯透镜时的散射场，然后利用此结论和互易定理计算喇叭天线作为馈源时伦伯透镜天线的辐射场。     

Fully polarimetric bistatic radar scattering behavior of forestedhills

The bistatic radar scattering measurements of forested hills were performed at grazing incidence and at azimuth scattering angles from 28° to 66° from the forward scatter plane. Using pulse-to-pulse switching between orthogonal transmitted polarizations, the radar simultaneously measures two orthogonally polarized components of the scattered wave to obtain full polarimetric information about the scattering process. These are the first fully polarimetric terrain clutter measurements to be conducted at large bistatic angles. The complete Stokes matrix, computed by averaging successive realizations of the polarization scattering matrix, is used to examine the polarization sensitivity of the bistatic clutter. It is found that the polarization state of the EM wave scattered out of the plane of incidence strongly depends on the polarization orientation of the incident electric field. Unlike the monostatic case, these two incident wave polarization states are found to produce substantially different scattered wave behavior when trees are viewed at large bistatic angles. Scattered fields resulting from vertically oriented incident fields are found to be highly polarized and to produce bistatic clutter power levels that are strongly dependent on the polarization of the receiving antenna. In contrast, horizontally oriented incident fields are found to produce weakly polarized scattered waves with bistatic clutter power levels that are insensitive to the polarization of the receiving antenna     

A note on reflector arrays

A Van Atta antenna array, which has a major lobe of the reradiated field in a direction retrograde to that of the incident wave for arbitrary directions of incidence, is analyzed in terms of the scattering matrix of the network interconnecting the antennas.     

Antenna diversity in mobile communications

The conditions for antenna diversity action are investigated. In terms of the fields, a condition is shown to be that the incident field and the far field of the diversity antenna should obey (or nearly obey) an orthogonality relationship. The role of mutual coupling is central, and it is different from that in a conventional array antenna. In terms of antenna parameters, a sufficient condition for diversity action for a certain class of high gain antennas at the mobile, which approximates most practical mobile antennas, is shown to be zero (or low) mutual resistance between elements. This is not the case at the base station, where the condition is necessary only. The mutual resistance condition offers a powerful design tool, and examples of new mobile diversity antennas are discussed along with some existing designs.     

Plane wave spectrum scattering analysis of near-field obstacle effects on directive antenna patterns

A plane wave spectrum scattering analysis of the effects of a near-zone obstacle on the pattern performance of a directive antenna is discussed. The free-space azimuth monopulse antenna is characterized by its sum and difference mode plane wave spectra, and a computed plane wave scattering dyad is used to characterize the scattering by a metallic right circular cylinder when it is excited by the incident antenna spectra. An efficient computer algorithm has been developed to compute the far-zone scattered and total fields for the antenna/cylinder system. Extensive experimental data have been obtained, and the patterns calculated using the present analysis are in agreement with the measured data.     

Incoherent effects in electromagnetic propagation through rain

Signal fluctuations have been frequently observed in radio links using millimeter wavelengths, during atmospheric precipitations. Such fluctuations can be due to the single and multiple scattering by particles which in their motion induce, in the receiving antenna, spurious signals of random amplitude and phase. This paper presents some theoretical results of a first investigation of the incoherent effects for a plane electromagnetic wave passing through a rain slab. In particular it was considered the signal scintillation with their polarization properties, and the amplitude and phase distortions. A coherent circularly polarized incident wave is supposed to propagate normally to a slab of uniform rain constituted by a polidispersion of spherical drops. The computational procedure based on the transfer equation consists of an iterative method able to evidence the four Stokes parameters due to the sequential scattering processes. It is described the dependence of these phenomena upon the frequency, the rain rate, the antenna characteristics and the rain depth and a simple procedure to evaluate the incoherent to coherent power ratio at the antenna frontend is outlined.     

Scattering from a finite array of microstrip patches

A full-wave solution to the problem of plane wave scattering by a finite array of rectangular microstrip patches printed on a grounded dielectric slab is presented. The electric field integral equation is solved using the spectral-domain Green's function/moment method approach. Derivations for the elements of the impedance and voltage matrices are presented. An efficient massively parallel computer implementation of the moment method solution is described. Computed radar cross section (RCS) data for microstrip patch antenna arrays are presented as a function of incident signal frequency and angle of incidence     

一种计算赋形天线增益下降的简单方法

基站天线常采用赋形技术,以提高通信质量和减小对邻区的干扰,但采用赋形技术会导致天线的增益下降,通过方向图积分方法来计算和评估赋形天线的增益下降,计算过程复杂。介绍了一种通过分析基站天线接收信号过程中馈电网络功率合成的方法,只需几步简单的运算即可得出赋形基站天线的增益下降情况。