聚苯乙烯大单体/丙烯酸辛酯规整接枝共聚物的结构、性能与增容作用

用傅里叶变换红外光谱、透射电子显微镜和差示扫描量热仪表征了聚苯乙烯大单体和丙烯酸辛酯规整接枝共聚物(POA-g-PS)的结构,测定了其物理机械性能,并研究了POA-g-PS作为聚苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯橡胶体系的共混增容剂时,共混物组成、接枝物用量及接枝物组成对共混物物理机械性能的影响。结果表明,POA-g-PS属于两相态,存在微观相分离结构;当聚苯乙烯大单体的质量分数在40%左右时,POA-g-PS是一种具有较大拉伸强度、较大扯断伸长率及较小永久变形的热塑性弹性体;扫描电镜和差示扫描量热分析表明接枝共聚物促进了聚苯乙烯/丙烯酸酯橡胶共混体系的互容,起到了增容剂的作用。     

利用规整接枝共聚物作为增容剂制备耐油热塑性弹性体

通过大单体技术合成了三种现整接校共聚物；主链为聚甲基丙烯酸及支链为甲基丙烯酸甲酯的接枝共聚物（ＰＭＡＡ－ｇ－ＰＭＭＡ）可用作氨醇橡胶与聚氯乙烯的熔融共混的增容剂，而主链为聚丙烯酰胺、支链为聚苯乙烯的接校共聚物（ＰＡＭ—ｇ－ＰＳ）及主链为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、支链为聚苯乙烯的接枝共聚物都能作为氯化聚乙烯与聚苯乙烯共混的增容剂。用量仅占２％即可制得耐油的热塑性共混物弹性体。     

增容聚丙烯/聚苯乙烯共混物的相形态

综述了作为增容剂的接枝共聚物与嵌段共聚物,反应增容,其他技术增容以及共混条件对聚丙烯／聚苯乙烯(PP,PS)共混物的相形态研究进展。PP／PS共混物通过增容可以改善共混物相形态和提高界面粘结,这为提高PP／PS共混物的物理与力学性能提供了依据。     

高密度聚乙烯／尼龙1010共混体系的研究

采用接枝共聚方法,合成了高密度聚乙烯与马来酸酐,甲基丙烯酸和丙烯酸丁酯的接枝共聚物增容剂,研究了增容剂中接枝单体的种类及含量和增容剂用量等因素对高密度聚乙烯／尼龙1010共混体系力学性能的影响,结果表明在不同类型的接枝共聚物中以聚乙烯马来酸酐接枝共聚物对HDPE／PA1010共混体系的增容效果最好,在接枝单体含量和增容剂用量分别为4％－6％和5％左右时,共混体系的力学性能最好。     

聚乙烯/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共混体系增容剂的合成与研究

本文利用光敏聚合反应,在聚乙烯大分子上接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯,制备了聚乙烯（ＰＥ）接枝甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）的接枝共聚物,用作为聚乙烯聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯共混体系的增容剂。利用红外光谱对接枝共聚物的结构进行了表征。实验研究了接枝共聚物的接枝率及用量对共混体系性能的影响。结果表明,当接枝共聚物的接枝量为１０％左右时,增容效果最佳,增容剂的用量为共混体系聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（ＰＭＭＡ）用量的２０％时,共混体系的力学性能最优,且增容剂对共混体系与油墨的粘结力影响较小     

HIPS-g-PMMA的合成及其在HIPS/PVC共混体系中的增容作用

采用自由基引发的溶液聚合法合成了高抗冲聚苯乙烯接枝聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(HIPS-g-PMMA)增容剂，考察了引发剂用量、反应温度及反应时间对增容剂的接枝率及支链摩尔质量的影响；同时对增容剂对HIPS／PVC共混体系的增容效果作了考察。结果表明：最佳反应条件是反应温度80℃，反应时间4h，引发剂用量以0．2～0．25g为宜；增容剂HIPS-g-PMMA对HIPS／PVC共混体系表现出较好的增容效果，共混物的拉伸强度、屈服强度及断裂伸长率明显增加，冲击强度增大，电镜照片显示两相界面变得更加模糊。     

聚丙烯接枝衣康酸增容PA6／PP共混物性能及形态研究

采用反应型双螺杆挤出机和熔融接枝技术制备了一系列聚丙烯（PP）接枝物，包括单一单体接枝物PP接枝衣康酸（PP-g-ITA）和双单体接枝物PP接枝ITA和苯乙烯[PP-g-（ITA-co-St）]，通过红外光谱和热分析研究了PP接枝物的结构，并研究了PP接枝物的接枝率和熔体流动速率与单体和引发剂用量的关系。通过反应挤出制备了PP接枝物增容PA6／PP共混物，研究了增容共混物的力学性能和形态结构。结果显示：加入接枝物后，共混体系的冲击强度明显提高；SEM观察表明，接枝物的加入能明显改善增容共混物的两相界面结合状况，降低共混物的分散相尺寸，改善体系的分散状况，共混物的两相界面变得模糊，相容性得到明显提高；DSC测试表明，加入接枝物后，共混物中PA6组分的结晶度下降，PP组合的结晶度上升。表明PP-g-ITA是PA6／PP共混体系有效的增容剂兼增韧剂。     

新型聚丙烯熔融接枝物增容PP／PA6共混物

本文研究了聚丙烯熔融接枝马来酸酐和不饱和羧酸混合单体对PP／PA6共混物的增容作用。研究结果表明,该接枝物是PP／PA6共混物的有效增容剂,能显著提高共混物的力学性能;接枝物的接枝率和用量影响增容共混物的力学性能;用接枝物增容后,PP／PA6表现更强的假塑性行为。溶融粘度增加,粘流活化能增加;随着接枝物用量的增加,共混物的MFI下降。     

PPO/PA66合金接枝增容剂的制备及性能研究

为使聚苯醚（PPO）与尼龙（PA）更好地合金化，得到具有良好性能的共混合金，利用熔融挤出技术使高抗冲聚苯乙烯（HIPS）与马来酸酐（MAH）形成接枝物HIPS－g-MAH，对其增容。本文介绍了此接枝增容剂的制备方法，并对熔融挤出接枝工艺及影响因素进行了研究。结果表明：HIPS与MAH能形成接枝共聚物；引发剂（DCP）用量、接枝单体用量、反应时间、挤出机螺杆转速都对接枝效果有影响，其中引发剂（DCP）用量的影响最为明显。     

聚苯乙烯大单体和丙烯酸辛酯的规整接枝共聚物

采用聚苯乙烯大单体和丙烯酸辛酯进行自由基溶液共聚合反应，得到规整接枝共聚物。产物通过萃取法提纯后，用IR表征其结构。研究了共聚合反应条件：聚苯乙烯大单体的投料质量分数，引发剂用量，反应温度对接枝效率的影响；并测定了丙烯酸辛酯在不同反应时间的竞聚率，接枝共聚物的稀溶液性质以及物理机械性能。结果表明，当聚苯乙烯大单体的投料质量分数在40％左右时，此接枝共聚物是一种性能良好的热塑性弹性体。     

Compatibilizers for recycling of the plastic mixture wastes. II. The effect of a compatibilizer for binary blends on the properties of ternary blends

In this article, we discuss the effect of a compatibilizer for binary blends on the properties of ternary blends composed of high‐density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), or polystyrene (PS) and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) virgin polymers with a simulated waste plastics fraction. Chlorinated polyethylene (CPE), ethylene–propylene rubber (EPR), and their 1/1 (w/w) mixture were tested as compatibilizers for the HDPE/PP/PVC ternary blend. CPE, styrene‐ethylene‐propylene block copolymer (SEP), or their 1/1 (w/w) mixture were tested as compatibilizers for the HDPE/PS/PVC ternary blend. The composition of the ternary blends were fixed at 8/1/1 by weight ratio. The amount of the compatibilizer was 3 phr. Rheological, mechanical, and thermal properties were measured. For the 8/1/1 HDPE/PP/PVC ternary blends, the tensile strength was slightly decreased, but the impact strength was significantly increased by adding EPR, CPE, or their mixture. EPR exhibited the most significant impact modification effect for the ternary blends. In a similar way, for 8/1/1 HDPE/PS/PVC ternary blends, on adding SEP, CPE, or their mixture, the tensile strength was slightly decreased, but the impact strength was noticeably increased. It was found that the SEP worked much better as an impact modifier for the ternary blends than CPE or the SEP/CPE mixture did. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 76: 1048–1053, 2000     

Blend composition dependence of the compatibilizing efficiency of graft copolymers for immiscible polymer blends

This work is concerned with the dependence of the compatibilizing efficiency of graft copolymers on the composition of immiscible polymer blends. A series of graft copolymers of polystyrene (PS) and polyamide 6 (PA6), denoted as PS‐g‐PA6, with different molecular structures were used as compatibilizers. The PS‐g‐PA6 was more efficient for the PS/PA6 (80/20) blend than for the PS/PA6 (20/80) one, indicating that a graft copolymer whose backbone and grafts match the matrix and the disperse phase polymers, respectively, has higher compatibilizing efficiency. This is in disagreement with the literature. Moreover, whatever the blend composition, for PS‐g‐PA6 graft copolymers with the same backbone and the same number of grafts per backbone, the longer the grafts, the higher their compatibilizing and stabilizing efficiency; for a given backbone/graft mass ratio, the longer the grafts and concomitantly the smaller the number of grafts per backbone, the higher the compatibilizing and stabilizing efficiency of the graft copolymer. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Reactive compatibilization of PE/PS blends. Effect of copolymer chain length on interfacial adhesion and mechanical behavior

This paper deals with in situ compatibilization of PE/PS blends via Friedel-Crafts reaction, performed at the interphase. Two polyethylenes having different molecular weights, and the same PS, were used along a wide range of catalyst concentration. The influence of the graft copolymer architecture and content on the efficiency of blend compatibilization was studied. The emulsifying effect, morphological aspects and mechanical behavior were also assessed for these blends. The amount of copolymer formed increases with catalyst concentration and the short chain length fraction of the homopolymers. The high molecular weight (MW) copolymers behaved as better compatibilizers as they showed, at the cmc, greater graft copolymer concentration than the low MW ones. A substantial increase in interfacial adhesion and particle size reduction was observed, even at catalyst concentrations as low as 0.3 wt%. In correspondence, mechanical properties, like ductility and yield strength, were enhanced by the effect of this Friedel-Crafts reaction's compatibilization.     

SBS-g-MAH的合成表征及其对PC/PS共混体系相容性的影响

用溶液法合成SBS-g-MAH。试验结果表明,随反应温度升高、MAH投入量增加、反应时间增长及BPO用量加大,MAH的接枝率增大。并用IR、NMR对接枝物进行表征。将SBS-g-MAH加到PC/PS共混体系中,PS相的Tg升高,PC相的Tg下降,二者相容性提高。     

Polystyrene-graft-acrylic acid as compatibilizer of polystyrene/nylon 6,6 blends

Preliminary investigations to study the feasibility of using polystyrene grafted with acrylic acid to blend polystyrene (PS) and nylon 6,6 (N66) have been done. The graft copolymer (PS-g-AA) was synthesized by reacting polystyrene with acrylic acid in the presence of a free radical initiator using the solid phase graft copolymerization technique. Binary blends of N66/PS and N66/PS-g-AA were synthesized by melt mixing. The formation of a (PS-g-AA)-co-N66 copolymer during the blend preparation has been desired. The blend morphologies were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Significant reductions in the domain sizes of the dispersed minor phase were observed when PS-g-AA instead of PS was incorporated into the blend. The tensile properties of the blends were investigated. The belnds containing PS-g-AA were found to be stiffer (higher modulus) and stronger (higher tensile strength) as compared to the blends containing PS. These results are due to the better miscibility and adhesion between nylon 6,6 and the graft copolymer. The results of the rheological measurement of these blends further supports the above result and also indicates an increase in the molecular weight distribution (MWD) of the blend when polystyrene was replaced by the graft copolymer. This increase in the MWD of the compatibilized blend can be attributed to above assumed copolymer formation between the graft copolymer and nylon 6,6 due to the reaction between the carbonyl group of the acrylic acid and the amide and the terminal amine groups of nylon 6,6.     

CPE／PS共混物相容剂CPE—g—St的表征

采用水相悬浮法合成了氯化聚乙烯(CPE)接枝苯乙烯(St)共聚物(CPE-g-St)。以N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)为萃取剂可将接枝共聚产物中的聚苯乙烯(PS)均聚物萃取干净。红外(IR)光谱测定法结果证明,CPE链上已接技有PS支链。扫描电镜(SEM)谱图和动态粘弹性能说明CPE-g-St可显著增加CPE和PS两相间的相容性并形成界面层。CPE-g-St的存在还大大提高CPE/PS共混物的力学性能。     

刚性有机粒子对PVC／CPE共混体加工和力学性能的影响

本文用Ｂｒａｂｅｎｄｅｒ塑化仪，双锟开炼机研究了刚性有机粒子对ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ共混体熔融塑化为及力学性能的影响，探讨了不同加工温度对ＰＶＣ／ＣＰＥ共混体力学性能的影响，实验表明：添加少量刚性有机粒子后，体系的塑化时间缩短，塑化行为改善，韧性有较大幅度提高，拉伸强度有所改善，加工温度为１６０－１８０℃体系性能最好。     

Synthesis of polyacrylamide with pendant poly(n‐octyl acrylate) chains using macromer technique and studies on their properties

An amphiphilic graft copolymer of polyacrylamide (PAM) with uniform poly(n‐octyl acrylate) (POA) grafts was synthesized by copolymerization of AM with POA macromer in solution using azobisisobutyronitrile as the initiator. The macromer was synthesized by free radical polymerization of octyl acrylate in the presence of different amounts of thioglycolic acid as the chain transfer agent, followed by termination with glycidyl methacrylate. The reactivity ratio and effects of copolymerization conditions on the conversion of macromer or grafting efficiency were studied. The crude products were purified by extraction with toluene and water successively. The purified graft copolymer was characterized by IR, DSC, and TEM. PAM‐g‐POA can bring about microphase separation and exhibits good emulsifying properties and water absorbency. PAM‐g‐POA exhibits a very good compatibilizing effect on the acrylic rubber/poly(vinyl chloride) blends. About 2–3% of the graft copolymer is enough for enhancing the tensile strength of the blends. The tensile strength of the blends is more than twice that without the compatibilizer. DSC and SEM demonstrated the enhancement of compatibility in the presence of the graft copolymer. POLYM. COMPOS., 2009. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers