枸杞果汁发酵过程复合乳酸菌的实时定量检测

利用植物乳植杆菌（Lactiplantibacillus plantarum）、发酵粘液乳杆菌（Limosilactobacillus fermentum）和瑞士乳杆菌（Lactobacillus helveticus）混合菌种进行枸杞果汁发酵。该研究对乳酸菌亚致死修复液的组成和修复温度进行优化,分别针对3株乳酸菌设计特异性引物,利用叠氮溴化丙锭（PMA）-荧光定量聚合酶链式反应（fqPCR）的方法,实时荧光定量检测枸杞果汁发酵过程中乳酸菌活菌数。结果表明,优化修复液的组成为蛋白胨1 g/L、牛肉浸出粉0.3 g/L、氯化钠0.5 g/L、吐温80 0.10 g/L、丙酮酸钠0.09 g/L、过氧化氢酶0.04 g/L、MgCl2 3 mmol/L、Na2HPO4 1 mmol/L、MnCl2 2 mmol/L和FeCl2 2 mmol/L。在27 ℃条件下培养15 min,乳酸菌亚致死细胞修复率达到97%。利用该方法实现了枸杞果汁发酵过程不同乳酸菌的实时定量检测,为今后枸杞果汁发酵生产过程中的微生物动态监测提供了方法。     

营养胁迫植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0328的生理特性及其冷冻干燥菌粉贮存稳定性分析

为探究冷冻干燥植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0328的贮存稳定性受初始营养条件调控的差异性,分析葡萄糖胁迫、吐温80胁迫以及葡萄糖和吐温80复合胁迫对该菌株生长、产酸、细菌素抑菌活性、形态、细胞膜脂肪酸和菌粉贮藏过程中存活率的影响。研究发现,葡萄糖和吐温80胁迫对菌体的生长、产酸和细菌素的产生有不同程度的影响。扫描电镜结果显示,吐温80胁迫或葡萄糖和吐温80复合营养胁迫环境下,菌体由短杆状转变为长棒状或卵圆形,尺寸也随之增大或减小。经多种营养胁迫处理后,各处理组中菌体细胞膜的不饱和脂肪酸与饱和脂肪酸含量比值均有所提高。此外,葡萄糖胁迫可显著提高冷冻干燥植物乳杆菌KLDS 1.0328在－18 ℃贮存42 d期间的稳定性和存活率。     

影响植物乳杆菌T102生长与产细菌素能力的因素

分析了培养条件和营养成分包括培养温度、培养基初始pH值、培养基碳源、氮源、KH2PO4、NaCl和吐温-80对植物乳杆菌T102生长量及产细菌素能力的影响。结果表明,培养基pH值不变,30℃时的细菌素活性最高,37℃时菌体的生长量最大,在培养基初始pH值为6.0时的菌体生长量较低,但是细菌素活性要高于pH值为7.0的培养基。乳糖和酵母提取物是最佳的碳源和氮源。分别添加质量分数为2.5%乳糖、2.0%酵母提取物、2.0%的KH2PO4、1.0%的NaCl和质量浓度为1.0 g/L的吐温-80时最有利于细菌素的合成。吐温-80对菌株的生长没有促进作用,但是对细菌素的产生有很大的影响。     

吐温-80、乙醚、NaCl对烃降解菌HB29产糖脂的影响

对烃降解菌HB29代谢产生的表面活性物质进行了红外光谱分析,初步确定为一种糖脂类表面活性物质.通过摇瓶实验,研究了吐温-80、乙醚和NaCl对HB29产糖脂的影响.结果表明,一定浓度的吐温-80能促进糖脂的合成,向发酵培养基中添加2g/L的吐温-80,糖脂量较对照提高了6.64%,但高浓度的吐温-80会抑制菌体生长,不利于糖脂合成.乙醚对菌株合成糖脂有抑制作用;NaCl添加量在1%以内,糖脂合成较稳定,高浓度NaCl会改变发酵过程中的渗透压,使菌体细胞发生质壁分离,从而影响菌体生长,糖脂合成受到抑制.     

丙酮酸钠与流加发酵结合对唾液酸产量的影响

利用微生物发酵法生产唾液酸,凭借其原料价格低廉,唾液酸收率高,产品质量稳定,易于实现连续化生产等优势而备受关注。探讨不同含量的前体物质丙酮酸钠对大肠杆菌K235发酵产唾液酸的影响,以及结合流加发酵进一步提高终产物产量的策略。以唾液酸质量浓度和菌体干质量为参数,通过单因素试验和一次性补料方法分别确定丙酮酸钠的最佳添加量和最佳补料期。试验结果表明,用三口烧瓶模拟发酵罐,在发酵初期添加4 g/L的丙酮酸钠,其发酵液经酸水解后,唾液酸产量达到4.10 g/L。用3.7 L自动生物发酵罐验证,唾液酸产量达到5.24 g/L,比不添加丙酮酸钠时唾液酸的产量提高了146%。丙酮酸钠在发酵8 h时一次性补料,发酵罐中唾液酸的产量达到6.47 g/L,比在单一的分批培养模式中添加丙酮酸钠提高了23.5%。     

桔青霉发酵法生产核酸酶P1工艺条件及影响因素研究

考察了核酸酶P1发酵条件及影响因素,结果表明,核酸酶P1的发酵工艺为接种量10%、种龄24h、初始pH6.50。发酵温度对产酶影响较大,26℃有利于菌体产酶;锌离子添加时间和添加量对核酸酶P1发酵都有影响,其最佳的添加量为0.2g/L;吐温-80、泡敌-80以及橄榄油都可以提高发酵产酶水平,尤以吐温-80最为明显,0.2%的吐温-80可以使产酶提高达30%;此外,植酸类化合物和核酸类物质对桔青霉发酵产核酸酶P1都有一定的抑制作用。     

生长因子和乳化剂对热带假丝酵母产十二碳二元酸发酵的影响

通过液体摇瓶分批发酵,研究生长因子和乳化剂对热带假丝酵母(Candida tropicalis)利用正十二烷发酵产十二碳二元酸的影响,生长因子为多种氨基酸和维生素,乳化剂为吐温60和吐温80.研究结果表明,对产酸的促进作用依次为维生素B2,丝氨酸,维生素B1和脯氨酸.添加60μg/L维生素B2可维持较高产酸水平,添加1.0g/L丝氨酸比不添加丝氨酸的产酸量约提高30%.与不添加乳化剂相比,添加吐温的菌体产酸量明显提高,添加10g/L吐温60和吐温80的最大产酸量分别提高51.84%和48.14%.添加吐温60还能发酵缩短周期,添加20g/L吐温60的菌体产酸量最高可达81.63g/L.     

重组大肠杆菌全细胞合成苯基乳酸的研究

在E.coli BL21（DE3）中过量表达D-乳酸脱氢酶基因（D-ldh）,并优化该重组菌全细胞转化苯丙酮酸钠合成苯基乳酸的条件。通过单因素实验和正交实验优化诱导表达条件,并在此基础上对全细胞转化苯丙酮酸钠合成苯基乳酸进行了优化。结果表明,菌体OD600为1.2时添加IPTG至终浓度0.2mmol/L,25℃诱导4h后收集菌体具有最佳转化活性;最优分批转化条件:p H7.0,8.0g/L苯丙酮酸钠,20g/L葡萄糖,1%（v/v）吐温-80,菌体浓度20g/L（干重）,37℃,转速200r/min转化0.5h,苯基乳酸产量和转化率分别达到4.91g/L,56%。在上述优化条件上通过流加苯丙酮酸钠和葡萄糖,经6h转化,苯基乳酸最终产量达到17.23g/L,转化率为54%。研究结果表明该重组大肠杆菌成功转化苯丙酮酸合成苯基乳酸,具有较好的应用前景,为系统化代谢工程改造大肠杆菌生物合成苯基乳酸的进一步研究和应用提供了有用的技术参数。      

重组大肠杆菌全细胞合成苯基乳酸的研究

在E.coli BL21(DE3)中过量表达D-乳酸脱氢酶基因(D-ldh),并优化该重组菌全细胞转化苯丙酮酸钠合成苯基乳酸的条件。通过单因素实验和正交实验优化诱导表达条件,并在此基础上对全细胞转化苯丙酮酸钠合成苯基乳酸进行了优化。结果表明,菌体OD600为1.2时添加IPTG至终浓度0.2mmol/L,25℃诱导4h后收集菌体具有最佳转化活性;最优分批转化条件:p H7.0,8.0g/L苯丙酮酸钠,20g/L葡萄糖,1%(v/v)吐温-80,菌体浓度20g/L(干重),37℃,转速200r/min转化0.5h,苯基乳酸产量和转化率分别达到4.91g/L,56%。在上述优化条件上通过流加苯丙酮酸钠和葡萄糖,经6h转化,苯基乳酸最终产量达到17.23g/L,转化率为54%。研究结果表明该重组大肠杆菌成功转化苯丙酮酸合成苯基乳酸,具有较好的应用前景,为系统化代谢工程改造大肠杆菌生物合成苯基乳酸的进一步研究和应用提供了有用的技术参数。     

吐温-80在酶法提取桑叶总黄酮中的应用

研究吐温-80协同酶法提取桑叶总黄酮。采用单因素实验和正交实验确定吐温-80协同酶法提取桑叶总黄酮的工艺,并与不加表面活性剂提取进行比较。结果表明吐温-80协同酶法提取工艺为吐温-80的质量浓度为1%,纤维素酶液125mL,温度为50℃,提取时间为1.5h,桑叶总黄酮的得率为2.467%,而同等条件下不加吐温-80的得率为1.718%。故吐温-80在酶法提取桑叶总黄酮中具有显著的增溶作用。      

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the