小麦胚芽面包的制作及其品质研究

文章采用添加不同量的小麦胚芽面粉烘制麦胚面包,并对面包的体积和面包的感官品质进行评定。结果表明:当麦胚的添加量在8%~12%之间时,所烘制出的麦胚面包品质最优。     

木瓜麦胚保健面包的制备

以面包粉、木瓜粉和麦胚粉为主要原料,研究木瓜粉添加量、麦胚粉添加量、白砂糖添加量及发酵时间四个因素对面包感官品质的影响.结果表明,木瓜麦胚保健面包的最佳工艺配方为:木瓜粉添加量为7%,麦胚粉添加量为8%,发酵时间为50min,白砂糖添加量为10%.     

小麦胚芽在面包中应用的研究

本文初步探讨了小麦胚芽在二次发酵法制作面包中的应用,研究了不同小麦胚芽预处理条件、添加量和主面团加水量、面包改良剂使用量对面包体积比及面包质量评分的影响。结果表明:就面包体积而言,面包中添加麦胚片优于添加麦胚粉;烘烤、焙炒、脱脂处理的小麦胚芽均可应用于面包中,但添加烘烤麦胚的面包品质最佳,其次是脱脂麦胚,焙炒处理的麦胚面包质量较差,最佳小麦胚芽添加量、主面团加水量和面包改良剂使用量分别是6%、20%和0.6%。     

小麦胚在面包中应用研究

本文初步探讨了小麦胚在二次发酵法制作面包中的应用,研究了不同小麦胚预处理条件,添加量和主面团加水量,面包改良剂使用量对面包体积比及面包质量评分的影响。结果表明：就面包体积而言,面包中添加麦胚片优于添加麦胚粉;烘炒,焙炒,脱脂处理的小麦胚均可应用于面包中,但添加烘烤麦胚的面包品质最佳,其次是脱脂麦胚,焙炒处理的麦胚面包质量较差;     

低聚木糖在面包中的应用

研究了不同添加量的低聚木糖对于面包比容、货架期以及感官质量的影响,结果表明,低聚木糖添加量为1%~3%时,能够增强面包保水性,保持面包柔软,提升面包口感,延长货架期;添加量为5%时,面包品质较差,体积较小,口感也较差。     

麦胚面包的研制

研究了脱脂麦胚对面团的流变学特性和面包质量的影响,结果表明,面团的筋力随麦胚量的增加而降低,通过改变添加剂种类和量,可使麦胚的添加量达８％,面包的皮色,风味和营养价值得到改善或提高。     

橘皮粉对面包烘焙品质及其酚类物质抗氧化能力的影响

将橘皮粉添加到面包专用小麦粉中,研究了不同添加量的橘皮粉对面包比容、质构特性、感官品质及面包酚类物质抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明,当添加量不超过3%时,橘皮粉对面包的比容没有显著影响;综合质构和感官分析,橘皮粉添加量为2%时,面包的硬度显著降低,弹性显著增大,面包的质地得到了有效改善,感官品质优于对照组,感官评价得分最高;橘皮粉的加入显著提高了面包中总酚的含量,增强了DPPH自由基清除能力。     

壳聚糖复合物在面包中的应用研究

介绍了壳聚糖、大豆分离蛋白和κ-卡拉胶复合改良剂对面包品质的影响。通过对面包比容、水分、硬度、感官品质的测定,确定了复合物的最佳添加量。当添加量为3%时,能延缓面包老化,增强面包弹性,促进面包比容增加。     

酶制剂在现烤面包生产中的应用研究

对两种酶制剂(α-淀粉酶、木聚糖酶)在冷冻1 d和3 d面团中的应用进行了研究。结果表明,随着冻藏时间的延长,面团的发酵力、酵母存活率、面包比容、面包柔软性均呈下降趋势;与对照相比,α-淀粉酶、木聚糖酶对面团的发酵特性和面包品质改善作用明显;冷冻1 d时,α-淀粉酶添加量为0.4 g/kg或木聚糖酶为0.8 g/kg时面团的酵母存活率、面包比容、面包柔软性最佳,α-淀粉酶添加量为0.6 g/kg或木聚糖酶添加量为0.4 g/kg时发酵力最佳;冷冻3 d时,α-淀粉酶添加量为0.6 g/kg时面团的酵母存活率、面包比容、面包柔软性最佳,α-淀粉酶添加量为0.8 g/kg时酵母发酵力最佳,木聚糖酶添加量为1.2 g/kg时面包柔软性最佳,添加量为0.8 g/kg时酵母存活率、面包比容、酵母发酵力最佳。     

不同面筋蛋白组分对面包品质的影响

为探究麦谷蛋白、麦醇溶蛋白以及两者的不同配比对面包品质的影响,将谷朊粉、提取的麦谷蛋白、麦醇溶蛋白分别添加到面包中,以面包比容为评价指标,研究其对面包品质的影响。结果表明,三者均能提高面包比容,且在质量分数1.5%（占面粉基）的添加量下,麦谷蛋白与谷朊粉的改善效果相当。再将麦谷蛋白与麦醇溶蛋白重新配比添加到面包中,当麦谷蛋白/麦醇溶蛋白质量比为3∶1时,在质量分数1.1%（占面粉基）的添加量下,与空白组相比,面包比容提高了11.4%,面包硬度降低。贮藏5 d后,面包硬度增量低于空白组13.1%,延缓了面包的老化,且效果优于质量分数1.5%（占面粉基）谷朊粉添加量的效果。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the