Advanced gear-shifting and clutching strategy for a parallel-hybridvehicle

In parallel-hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs), both the electric drive and the internal combustion engine provide driving torque to the wheels either separately or together. The electric drive also can be used as a generator to recharge the batteries when the engine produces more power than is needed to propel the vehicle. As a result of the battery peak power density requirement, the vehicle needs a multispeed transmission between the electric drive and the main differential. In addition, due to the load sharing between the two independent driving sources, a clutch to separate the internal combustion engine and electric drive from the drive shaft is also required. Because the shift quality is directly related to the driving comfort of the vehicle, it is important to reduce both shift shock and time. To enhance the shift quality, we have proposed the advanced gear-shifting and clutching strategy for a parallel-hybrid drive train with an automated manual transmission (AMT). By using the electronically controlled AMT, users can achieve the optimal gear shifting, with regard to the efficiency of the hybrid drive train. Owing to the speed control of the induction machine and the diesel engine at gear shifting, the synchronization is always guaranteed and it reduces the shift shock and shortens the shift time. The dynamo-based experiments have been carried out for the purpose of proving the validity of the proposed transmission and clutch control in parallel-hybrid drive trains     

Gear Transmission Fault Classification using Deep Neural Networks and Classifier Level Sensor Fusion

Gear transmissions are widely used in industrial drive systems. Fault diagnosis of gear transmissions is important for maintaining the system performance, reducing the maintenance cost, and providing a safe working environment. This paper presents a novel fault diagnosis approach for gear transmissions based on convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and decision-level sensor fusion. In the proposed approach, a CNN is first utilized to classify the faults of a gear transmission based on the acquired signals from each of the sensors. Raw sensory data is sent directly into the CNN models without manual feature extraction. Then, classifier level sensor fusion is carried out to achieve improved classification accuracy by fusing the classification results from the CNN models. Experimental study is conducted, which shows the superior performance of the developed method in the classification of different gear transmission conditions in an automated industrial machine. The presented approach also achieves end-to-end learning that can be applied to the fault classification of a gear transmission under various operating conditions and with signals from different types of sensors.     

Measurement of ground potential difference at power substations

A method of obtaining a record of ground potential difference (GPD) values in substations where a remote ground and an oscillograph are available is presented. Typical recorded values of GPD range from under 100 V to a maximum of 450 V RMS. These measurements suggest that the values used for ground mat design should be considered by the telephone company engineer as conservative and that additional amounts conservatism are not necessary. The telephone company engineer should determine how the power company has calculated the requested data so that a proper judgment can be made. A history of recorded GPD values will aid in determining needed protection. Significant savings may be realized by avoiding excessive conservatism. Since the theoretical calculation of GPD results in a typical large value of voltage, the associated zone of influence will be large. Within that zone, all telephone grounds will be removed, causing greater lightning damage to the outside telephone plant. Therefore, the probability of lightning damage as compared with the likelihood of GPD-caused damage must be considered     

直流无刷电机系统的最佳控制器设计

将适应性基因演算法搜寻最佳化的模糊滑动控制模式参数,应用于直流无刷电机系统,以期达到位置控制的目的.由于传统计算机仿真的最佳控制器通常经手调才能应用于实际系统,为此用数字信号处理器建立计算机与无刷电动机之间的数据传输机构,根据实际响应来进行最佳控制器的设计,实现了最佳控制参数的搜寻.     

Modeling and Recognition of Driving Behavior Based on Stochastic Switched ARX Model

This paper presents the development of the modeling and recognition of human driving behavior based on a stochastic switched autoregressive exogenous (SS-ARX) model. First, a parameter estimation algorithm for the SS-ARX model with multiple measured input-output sequences is developed based on the expectation-maximization algorithm. This can be achieved by extending the parameter estimation technique for the conventional hidden Markov model. Second, the developed parameter estimation algorithm is applied to driving data with the focus being on driver's collision avoidance behavior. The driving data were collected using a driving simulator based on the cave automatic virtual environment, which is a stereoscopic immersive virtual reality system. Then, the parameter set for each driver is obtained, and certain driving characteristics are identified from the viewpoint of switched control mechanism. Finally, the performance of the SS-ARX model as a behavior recognizer is examined. The results show that the SS-ARX model holds remarkable potential to function as a behavior recognizer.     

高阶概率权重矩法在广义Pareto分布参数估计中的应用

广义Pareto分布常被用作超定量洪水系列频率分析的拟合线型。已有研究表明高阶概率权重矩能够用于广义极值分布和Pearson-III型分布的参数估计,但尚缺少采用高阶概率权重矩法估计广义Pareto分布函数的研究。本文基于广义Pareto分布,推求了广义Pareto分布高阶概率权重矩的计算方法,提供了采用高阶概率权重矩估计其分布参数的方案。统计试验表明,阶数等于0时的高阶概率权重矩法与概率权重矩法的估参效果近似无偏,二者均比传统的矩法具备更高的参数估计精度。对长江宜昌站(1946—2004)超定量洪水系列的分析表明,高阶概率权重矩法估参结果对应的广义Pareto曲线能够较好地拟合经验频率分布,特别是稀遇频率洪水段。     

Real-time system for monitoring driver vigilance

This paper presents a nonintrusive prototype computer vision system for monitoring a driver's vigilance in real time. It is based on a hardware system for the real-time acquisition of a driver's images using an active IR illuminator and the software implementation for monitoring some visual behaviors that characterize a driver's level of vigilance. Six parameters are calculated: Percent eye closure (PERCLOS), eye closure duration, blink frequency, nodding frequency, face position, and fixed gaze. These parameters are combined using a fuzzy classifier to infer the level of inattentiveness of the driver. The use of multiple visual parameters and the fusion of these parameters yield a more robust and accurate inattention characterization than by using a single parameter. The system has been tested with different sequences recorded in night and day driving conditions in a motorway and with different users. Some experimental results and conclusions about the performance of the system are presented.     

基于制动意图识别的电动物流车换挡策略研究

为了使纯电动汽车的制动安全性和制动能量回收最大化,利用基于RBF神经网络的模糊控制方法识别制动意图,设计了基于逻辑规则的AMT挡位下移策略提高制动能量回收,最后通过仿真实验验证了所提出方法的正确性和可行性.结果表明:识别制动意图的准确率达到了99％;在轻度制动、中度制动强度下以不同制动初速度进行制动,整个制动过程中采用...     

ABS齿圈环形表面缺陷检测方法

针对传统人工方式检测汽车用ABS齿圈环形表面缺陷时存在检测效率低、易错检漏检的问题,提出一种基于图像处理的ABS齿圈环形表面缺陷检测方法。根据生产实际设计并组装ABS齿圈环形表面缺陷在线视觉检测系统,利用旋转电缸结合齿圈托台带动齿圈旋转,由线阵CCD扫描并得到齿圈环形表面图像,在经过基于OpenCV编写的图像处理算法处理后根据缺陷所在区域判断缺陷类型,进而判断齿圈合格性。通过实验将系统检测与人工检测结果进行对比,结果表明,每个齿圈平均检测时间≤4 s,缺陷分类正确率≥92%。     

射频信号调节车载多媒体音量系统的设计和实现

设计了一个信号驱动控制装置和系统,通过感应电路与放大电路,接收手机射频信号,同时也将信号进行放大,进而实现自动调节车载多媒体音量.通过实验发现,该系统能自动降低车载多媒体音量,成功率达98％以上.同时,将该系统在现代汽车上实现.该系统的实现可避免乘车人员因车载多媒体音量过大而漏接电话,保证通话质量,避免驾驶员手动操作音量旋钮,提高行驶安全性.     

改进的Chirp信号LMMSE参数估计算法

线性调频信号(Chirp信号)的参数估计是信号处理中长期研究的一个问题,其最大似然估计算法已经被提出并且得到广泛应用。然而在许多实际应用中,通常已经知道了被估计参数的分布,因此可以使用贝叶斯估计器的方法。在文中,通过加入先验知识,给出了参数的线性最小均方误差(Linear Minimum Mean Squares Error:LMMSE)估计算法。与传统的最大似然估计算法相比,此方法有更好的性能。同时,文中基于两种线性相位模型实现了LMMSE估计算法,一种是传统的线性相位模型,另一种是最近提出的最佳线性相位模型。实验结果表明基于最佳线性相位模型的估计器具有更好的性能。     

基于小波变换的短路电流各分量的计算

从应用的角度简述了小波变换的基本理论和算法 ,给出了输电线路典型短路电流的不同频率分量的分离实例。分析结果表明 ,此方法能快速有效地从短路电流中分离出基频分量和衰减直流分量 ,为断路器智能操作和其他继电保护算法提供了一种新的信号分析手段     

Motor Flux Estimator Based on Phase-Locked Loop and PI Regulator at Low Speed

Voltage model has been widely used in the field of motor control due to the advantages of the simple structure and less parameters required. A novel motor flux estimator based on phase-locked loop and proportional-integral (PI) regulator is proposed in this paper. This estimator calculates the set point of the torque component of electromotive force (EMF) through synchronous frequency and flux. Then, errors between the set point and the actual value of the EMF torque component are corrected by PI regulator to estimate the flux. This method avoids the problem of the saturation brought by the traditional integrator and the problem of the initial phase error. It also solves the magnitude and phase error problems at low speed in the flux estimator based on the low-pass filter. Finally, the simulation and the experiments are implemented on a cycloconverter-fed motor drive system to verify the effectiveness of this method. Simulation results show that this algorithm works very well at 0.2 Hz, and experimental results show that this algorithm can work well at 0.5 Hz. Meanwhile, this algorithm could detect the initial position of the rotor of separately excited synchronous motor.     

基于3D Hall传感器的SBW挡位采集系统优化设计

随着AMT和DCT变速箱在汽车上的应用,与之匹配的换挡操纵机构也由SBW(电子式)取代了原来的机械式,其核心部分之一的挡位采集系统现在基本上由开关Hall和线性Hall来实现,但它们都不同程度的具体一定的局限性.而3D Hall传感器具有感知一定范围内x,y,z 3个位置的功能,因此引入3D Hall传感器来优化SBW...     

基于最小凸包的直齿圆柱齿轮检测方法研究

提出了基于齿轮外轮廓最小凸包及凸包缺陷的直齿圆柱齿轮齿数及缺齿识别算法,采用二值图像连通域跟踪提取齿轮外轮廓,然后进行外轮廓最小凸包及凸包缺陷检测,去除伪凸包缺陷后进行齿数检测及缺齿部位识别。根据直齿圆柱齿轮外形特征,提出了基于齿轮外轮廓凸包顶点的齿顶圆检测方法,以及基于齿轮外轮廓凸包缺陷最深点的齿根圆拟合方法,实现了直齿圆柱齿轮的特征圆参数快速测量。实验结果表明,齿数及缺齿识别算法正确率高达98.48%;与现有两种典型方法对比,齿轮特征圆拟合算法可以实现各种情况下齿顶圆和齿根圆的高速高精度定位。     

Toward vision-based intelligent navigator: its concept and prototype

Proposes a novel concept of an intelligent navigator that can give a driver timely advice on safe and efficient driving. From both the current traffic conditions obtained from visual data and the driver's goals and preferences in driving, it autonomously generates advice and gives it to the driver. Not only can operational-level advice be generated, such as emergency braking due to an abrupt deceleration of the vehicle in front, but also tactical-level advice, such as lane changing due to a congested situation ahead. Two main components of the intelligent navigator - the advice generation system and the road scene recognition system - are explained. A three-level reasoning architecture is proposed for generating advice in dynamic and uncertain traffic environments. Online experiments using the prototype system show the potential feasibility of the proposed concept.     

Control of permanent magnet motor drives using a new positionestimation technique

Permanent magnet motor drives require absolute position information so that winding currents can be modulated in synchronism with the rotor. The eradication of such sensors has been the subject of many publications. This paper describes the principles and implementation of a new algorithm for combined flux-linkage and position estimation in permanent magnet motors. The algorithm uses the machine's flux-linkage versus current versus position characteristic and is thus able to take account of machine nonlinearities. The position estimator utilizes the characteristic in a generalized nonintrusive estimation scheme, which is effective over the whole range of operating conditions. The paper shows implementation of the estimator as embedded code in a digital signal processor-based drive system. Experimental results demonstrate the performance of the algorithm under steady-state and transient conditions, when the drive is operating closed loop sensorless, i.e., with the rotor position being provided by the position estimator     

基于扰动补偿的双电机同步消隙策略研究

在减速比较大的末端齿轮传动机构中,齿隙的存在将导致系统的动态性能表现大幅降低。针对常见的对齿隙进行数学建模及仿真的分析方法,在Creo中建立实体模型,导入Adams并与MATLAB/Simulink进行联合仿真的方式来验证双电机驱动消隙策略的有效性,并设计基于双电机控制系统的扩张状态观测器(ESO)对扰动进行补偿。仿真结果表明:采用的双电机同步消隙策略能有效解决末端齿轮传动机构的齿隙问题,所设计的补偿器能可靠抑制扰动对伺服系统的影响。     

Modeling and optimizing energy‐efficient manual driving on high‐speed lines

This paper presents a simulation‐based model for manual driving strategies that will minimize energy consumption for high‐speed trains. Specific characteristics of both high‐speed lines (HSLs) and manual driving strategies are considered in order to obtain achievable designs that can be tested on commercial services. The proposed design model calculates a list of efficient high‐level commands to be systematically executed by the driver on an HSL along the trip. The design is based on a detailed simulation model of the train's motion (taking into account track and train characteristics and operational constraints), combined with a genetic algorithm to select the best driving. Continuous control solution by mathematical optimization is avoided, as it is not an appropriate reference for manual driving in HSL. The validation of the simulation model is focused on running resistance, tractive/braking efficiencies, and consumption of auxiliary equipment, and shows differences between real measurements and simulated results which are lower than 2% both in run time and energy consumption. Finally, a real case is presented in which the proposed model was used to design efficient driving strategies that were subsequently implemented on commercial services along the Spanish HSL Madrid–Barcelona in both directions, measuring average energy savings of 23 and 18%, respectively, when the efficient driving strategies were compared with measured standard manual driving. The future scope will be the application of this model to online recalculation of driving commands. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

零速和低速下永磁同步电机转子位置估测方法

基于转子凸极追踪的思想。在永磁同步电机定子绕组注入高频电压，对提取的电流进行坐标变换，获得转子位置信息。将该信息送入特别设计的转子位置估测器中，可以得到转子的精确位置。设计转子他置估测器的结构和算法，对其进行仿真研究，仿真结果证明了该方法的正确性。