4种培养基对红曲霉M1莫纳可林K产量影响及基因差异表达分析

莫纳可林K是红曲霉重要的次级代谢产物之一。研究了4种培养基质对红曲霉M1莫纳可林K产量的影响,并利用RT-q PCR的方法,对莫纳可林K相关基因簇mRNA水平的差异表达进行测定分析。结果表明,荞麦培养基中莫纳可林K的产量最高(8.49 mg/L),其次为糙米(莫纳可林K产量7.12 mg/L)、燕麦(莫纳可林K产量4.77 mg/L)、大米(莫纳可林K产量2.11 mg/L)。荞麦培养基利于红曲霉莫纳可林K产生。基因差异表达研究发现,除MKB与MKC基因外,其他基因的表达量均与莫纳可林K产量呈正相关;不同培养基通过刺激红曲霉基因表达从而影响其次级代谢产物产生。     

红曲霉9901液态发酵产莫纳可林K的发酵条件

对红曲霉 990 1产莫纳可林K的液态发酵培养基的组成和发酵条件进行了研究 ,确定出以甘油为碳源 ,大豆水解液为氮源 ,C/N比为 1 0 /1的最佳培养基组成 ,得出 990 1液态法产莫纳可林K的最适 pH为 4 5 ,温度 2 6℃ ,接种量为 5 %(体积分数 ) ,发酵时间 1 4d。通过实验 ,摇瓶发酵的莫纳可林K含量可以达到 1 60 0mg/L ,在 1 5L小型发酵罐实验中 ,莫纳可林K含量可达到888 9mg/L。     

基于红曲高产莫纳可林K的固态发酵工艺条件优化

利用响应面法优化红曲固态发酵产莫纳可林K的工艺条件。在采用变温发酵,发酵时间固定的条件下,单因素试验研究接种量、装料量、玉米粉添加量和蛋白胨添加量等4个因素对红曲固态发酵莫纳可林K产量的影响。在此基础上,应用Design-Expert软件建立数学模型,进行四因素三水平的响应面分析。结果表明,红曲固态发酵高产莫纳可林K工艺条件为接种量17.50%,装料量32.95 g/250 mL、玉米粉添加量3.80%和蛋白胨添加量2.37%。此条件下进行验证试验,莫纳可林K产量为11.25 mg/g,与回归方程预测值无显著差异,说明该法优化红曲固态发酵过程中莫纳可林K的产量可行。     

腐乳中的大豆异黄酮高效液相色谱分析

采用polaris C18(2.0mm×100mm,3μ),水(含0.3%H3PO4)、乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0.30mL/min,柱温50%,测定波长(λ)260nm,分析腐乳中大豆异黄酮.在选定色谱条件下大豆异黄酮的线性范围为0.2 mg/L～40mg/L,样品加样回收率为90.0%～95.2%,相对标准偏差为0.90%～2.45%.本方法精密度好,结果可靠,适合于腐乳中大豆异黄酮的定量分析.     

高效液相色谱法测定红曲莫纳可林及桔霉素——如何防治色素的干扰

红曲产品存在的色素对桔霉素和莫纳可林K的高效液相色谱分析有干扰作用 ,并造成色谱柱负担过重。消除色素的副面影响显得尤为重要。采用甲苯 /乙酸乙酯 /甲酸为溶剂萃取固态红曲样品 ,可在萃取较少色素的同时最大程度萃取桔霉素。对于液态发酵的红曲样品 ,采用 2倍于发酵液体积的乙醇萃取桔霉素的方法也优于其他方法。在HPLC分析中 ,用红曲的 3种色素与莫纳可林K(酸型和内酯型 )分别进样或混合后进样 ,发现当流动相中的乙腈浓度较高时 ,内酯型莫纳可林K与黄色素有相当接近的出峰时间。同时 ,紫色素、橙色素与酸型莫纳可林K也有相当接近的出峰时间 ,无法完全分离。如果不预先去除红曲色素 ,也可通过降低流动相中乙腈的比例 ,有效分离色素与莫纳可林K ,以提高分析结果的准确性。     

不同豆类对丛毛红曲菌MS-1发酵产物的影响

以黄豆、黑豆、豌豆、绿豆和红豆5种常见食用豆类为基质,以高产莫纳可林K(monacolin K)且不产桔霉素的丛毛红曲菌(Monascus pilosus)MS-1为发酵菌株,进行红曲菌固态发酵,并对红曲菌MS-1在不同豆类中的发酵进程、淀粉酶与蛋白酶的酶活、发酵产物色价、莫纳可林K的含量,以及色素组成进行了分析。结果显示,豌豆、绿豆、红豆比黄豆和黑豆更适合红曲菌的生长,发酵过程中淀粉酶与蛋白酶的产生、莫纳可林K和色素的积累,以及色素组分存在一定差异。其中,豌豆的色价和莫纳可林K含量最高,分别达到246.12 U/g(干基)和5.05 mg/g(干基),适合作为高色价和高莫纳可林K红曲的生产基质。     

无桔霉素高比例开环式莫纳可林K红曲产品的生产

筛选得到 1株不产桔霉素 ,高产开环式莫纳可林K的红曲霉 990 1菌 ,该菌固态发酵红曲米中莫纳可林K的含量最高可达 1 1 0 0 0mg/kg。红曲产品中开环式莫纳可林K的比例为 70 %～90 %。该菌在酵母提取物和蔗糖培养基及谷氨酸钠及葡萄糖为主的培养基的培养液中均未测出桔霉素。液态及固态发酵红曲产品也未测出桔霉素 ,初步表明该菌株没有桔霉素生物合成能力。固态发酵过程中 ,宜采取先 3 0℃后 2 6℃的变温控制模式 ;物料初始水分含量宜控制在 65 %左右。     

两种红曲菌固态发酵产莫纳可林K和桔霉素的比较

红曲菌可产生具有降血脂功能的莫纳可林K,但部分菌株产生的桔霉素引起了人们对红曲产品安全性的担忧。选取11株紫色红曲菌和10株红色红曲菌,通过高效液相色谱法分析各菌株固态发酵所产红曲米中莫纳可林K和桔霉素的含量。结果表明,11株紫色红曲菌和4株红色红曲菌可产生桔霉素,1株紫色红曲菌和9株红色红曲菌可产生莫纳可林K。其中5株红色红曲菌所生产的红曲中莫纳可林K和桔霉素含量符合QB/T 2847—2007《功能性红曲(米粉)》。该结果可为修改红曲产品相关标准提供有价值的信息。     

酱油中Monacolin K的高效液相色谱分析

采用Polaris C18色谱柱（100×2．0mmid,3μm）,水（含0．5％H3PO4）、乙腈为流动相,梯度洗脱,流速0．20mL／min,柱N500c,测定波长（λ）237nm,分析了酱油中MonacolinK,结果显示,MonacolinK在0．2mg/L-5mg／L时显线性关系,加样平均回收率为90．7％,相对标准偏差0．93％-2．7％。     

红曲椰果液态发酵工艺条件的优化

对红曲椰果液态发酵条件进行了研究，结果表明，产莫纳可林K的最佳条件为：马铃薯15％、葡萄糖5％、NaNO3 0.2％、MgSO4 0.1％、ZnSO4 0．1％、pH为6．0、于26℃发酵13d，得到莫纳可林K为152，00mg／L，色价为128．38μ/g干红曲椰果的红曲椰果。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press