含钛焊丝钢小方坯连铸水口的结瘤机制

 利用扫描电镜对含钛焊丝钢中夹杂物性质及连铸水口结瘤物的物相组成进行了分析,并结合热力学计算研究了水口结瘤的形成机制。结果表明,LF 精炼出站钢液中存在大量Al2O3、TiO2夹杂物,并不断附着沉积在水口内壁形成氧化铝型、氧化钛型或两者结合的结瘤物,连浇炉数仅为4次。通过优化钢中［Al］-［Ti］-［O］关系,控制铝质量分数在钛-铝竞争氧化平衡线之上,即w(［Ti］)/w(［Al］)4/3>84.49 且w(［Ti］)/w(［Al］)>7.46,当钢液中w(［Al］)<0.0068%时,能够降低Al2O3夹杂比例,有效减轻水口结瘤,连浇炉数提升至6炉次。     

高钛焊丝用钢的钢液可浇性改善

 用扫描电镜（SEM/EDS）分析了高钛焊丝钢连铸水口结瘤物和钢液中夹杂物的形貌和组成,结果表明：结瘤物的主要组成是[TiOx]和凝钢;精炼结束后钢液中的夹杂物主要是[MnO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiOx]、[MgO-Al2O3-TiOx]和[TiOx]类夹杂物;钢液中大量的高熔点含钛夹杂物是导致水口结瘤的主要原因。对钢液中的Al-Ti-O平衡和钢渣间的平衡进行了热力学计算,结果表明：当[w([Al])/w([Ti])＜0.15]时,氧优先与钛结合,反之优先与铝结合;当钢包渣中的[w((FeO))][＜]0.05%、[w((SiO2))][＜]15%时,可避免钛被炉渣氧化。通过对冶炼工艺参数和操作过程的优化,钢液中[TiOx]的质量分数从0.002 4%降低到0.001 0%以下,钢液的可浇性得到明显改善。     

含钛超纯铁素体不锈钢的铝脱氧及钙处理实验研究

通过500 kg真空感应炉对0.007%～0.015%C-15.96%～16.94%Cr-0.08%～0.36%Ti-0.015%～0.124%Al铁索体不锈钢的铝脱氧和钙处理实验,以及相应的热力学计算,对Al、Ti竞争氧化及夹杂物改性进行了研究.结果表明,当[Ti]/[Al]低于2.50时,氧化物夹杂主要为Al2O3,随[Ti]/[Al]的增加,钢中的主要夹杂由Al2O3向MgO-Al2O3-TiOx及Al2O3-TiOx转变,夹杂物平均尺寸逐步减小;钙处理后随[Ca]/[Al](0.01～0.08)的升高,钢中含钙复合夹杂的数量比例增加;包裹形复合夹杂的中心为氧化物,周边为TiN或Ti(CN).     

含钛夹杂在X120钢中析出及对铁素体形核的诱导

运用热力学计算了X120管线钢含钛夹杂物在钢液中的析出条件,以X120管线钢钛的目标成分ω(Ti)=0.015％计算,当ω(Al)=0.000 35％～0.003 30％时,生成Al2 O3·TiO2; ω(Al)＞0.003 30％时,则有Al2O3生成;要生成纯的MgO夹杂,钢中ω(Mg)＞1.62×1013;ω(Mg)=0.0008％就可以生成2MgO·TiO2复合夹杂;X120管线钢没有纯的MgO夹杂,X120管线钢中会生成2MgO·Ti2O3、MgO·Al2O3、SiO2、Al2O3、Ti2O3、MnO等脱氧产物,这些脱氧产物还会和硫化物一起形成复合夹杂物.对夹杂物扫描电镜的观察与热力学计算的结果一致.在扫描电镜下观察了含钛夹杂物对铁素体的诱导,表明X120管线钢中含钛夹杂具有很好的诱导铁素体形核能力.     

含Ti焊丝钢钢水可浇性的研究与控制措施

永锋淄博有限公司钢轧厂于2015年开始试制高附加值含Ti焊丝钢,但在连铸生产过程中,钢水可浇性差,出现严重的水口"套眼"现象,连浇炉次仅为1、2炉。针对造成水口"套眼"的典型夹杂物类型系统检测与产生机理的研究,通过优化生产过程中各项工艺,有效控制钢中[Ti]/[Al]~(4/3)84.49、[Ti]·[N]≤3.5×10~(-3)%、钢中[O]含量以及抑制固态二氧化硅或是固溶体富硅酸锰类夹杂物产生条件,尽最大可能降低含Ti焊丝钢水口"套眼"产生的可能性,目前含Ti焊丝钢连浇炉数可达5炉以上。     

RH精炼过程中含钛超低碳钢的氧化物夹杂组成和形态变化

在含钛超低碳水中,脱氧前的夹杂物主要组成为Fe—Mn—O,添加Al3min后,夹杂物改变成粒状和球形Al2O3。添加A17—10min后,形成簇状Al2O3,其由粒状和直径为1—2μm的球形颗粒组成。添加钛铁合金3min后,形成Al2O3·TiOx夹杂物,其中Ti／（A1＋Ti）介于0．15和0．30之间,由于在富[Ti]和低[A1]区域,形成的簇状Al2O3·TiOx存在于钛铁粒子和簇状A1203周围。当酸溶铝超过0．035％,而钛低于0．08％时,很难形成Ti305,在复杂液相夹杂物中的Ti3O5活度明显随酸溶铝的减少而增加,并随钛含量的增加而增加。     

ER70 S-G钢水可浇性提升研究

针对高Ti合金焊丝ER70S-G可浇性差,连浇炉数少的情况,研究了Ti_2O_3、Al_2O_3及TiN夹杂生成的热力学条件,结果表明,当钢中w[Ti]/w[Al] 4. 33时,一定会生成Ti_2O_3夹杂;控制钢中w[N]0. 005 5%时,可抑制较低过热度浇铸过程中TiN的生成,从而减少絮流现象出现。通过炼钢采用全程吹氩、精炼采用大渣量及全程微正压、连铸采用氩封保护等措施,减少了钢水的二次氧化,连浇炉数由开发之初的2炉提高至6～8炉,实现了优质、低成本生产。     

合金结构钢中尖晶石夹杂物生成的热力学研究

试验研究了合金钢液(%:0.42C、1.15Cr、0.20Mo)-炉渣(CaO-SiO2-Al3-MgO)平衡时,钢中MgOAl2O,生成的热力学条件,并借助热力学计算得出MgO,MgO·Al2O3和Al2O3,三相平衡及转变关系图.结果表明,当钢中[Al]为0.0001%时,若[Mg]≥2×10-6%,则能生成MgO·Al2O3.试验钢液与炉渣平衡时[Mg]为0.0004%～0.0005%.[Al]为0.004 5%～0.0060%,处于理论计算MgO·A12O3生成区域,使钢中夹杂物主要为MgoO·Al2O3.     

含钛铁素体不锈钢连铸浸入式水口结瘤机理研究

采用光学显微镜和扫描电镜,对00Cr18Ti铁素体不锈钢钢样中夹杂物类型和浸入式水口结瘤物的物相进行分析,研究水口结瘤机理。结果表明,钢液中存在大量TiO2夹杂物,并不断附着沉积在水口内壁,造成浸入式水口氧化钛型结瘤;通过控制钢中w[Al]-w[Ti]值在铝钛竞争氧化反应平衡曲线之下,使w[Ti]/w[Al]4/3273.55,能够防止大量TiO2夹杂物的生成,避免氧化钛型水口结瘤。     

SWRCH22A冷镦钢脱氧过程中非金属夹杂物生成热力学及工业实践

文中通过热力学软件FactSage 7.0和工业实践,对1 873 K下SWRCH22A冷镦钢脱氧过程中非金属夹杂物生成热力学进行研究.计算结果表明,当冷镦钢中[Al]含量增加到2×10-6以上时,平衡时钢中对应生成液态夹杂物、MnO·Al2O3和Al2O3,表明冷镦钢出钢过程应先加铝再加锰以降低精炼渣的氧化性.当冷镦钢中的[Mg]含量超过0.5×10-6时,钢中夹杂物由Al2O3转变为MgO·Al2O3;当钢中的[Mg]含量超过约9×10-6时,钢中夹杂物主要为MgO;随着钢中[Al]含量的提高,生成尖晶石夹杂物所需的最小[Mg]含量逐渐增大.当冷镦钢钢液中[Ca]含量超过约1.3×10-6时,钢中生成的夹杂物主要为液态钙铝酸盐;当钢液中的[Ca]超过约13×10-6时,钢中开始生成固态CaO夹杂物.冷镦钢中形成液态钙铝酸盐夹杂物所需的最小[Ca]含量随着钢中[Al]含量的提高逐渐增大.实验检测和热力学计算结果基本吻合,此外,研究发现,纯铁液的脱氧热力学与冷镦钢差异较大,因此,不能采用纯铁液的脱氧热力学指导冷镦钢生产实践.     

Voices of fear and anxiety and sadness and depression: The effects of speech rate and loudness on fear and anxiety and sadness and depression.

Two studies investigated the role of expressive vocal behavior (specifically, speech rate and loudness) in fear and anxiety and in sadness and depression. In the 1st study, participants spoke about personally experienced fear and anxiety-arousing and neutral events using 3 different voice styles: fast and loud, normal, and slow and soft. In the 2nd study, participants spoke about personally experienced sad or depressing and neutral events using the same 3 voice styles. In both studies, the participants' highest levels of subjective affective and cardiovascular (CV) arousal occurred when they spoke about the emotional events in a mood-congruent voice style: fast and loud in the case of fear and anxiety, and slow and soft in the case of sadness or depression. Mood-incongruent voice styles canceled the heightened levels of CV arousal normally associated with these negative emotions. The voice-style manipulation had no significant effect on the participants' levels of CV arousal during the neutral discussions. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Synthesis and analysis of mixed chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans and assessment of formation and occurrence of the fluorinated and chlorinated-fluorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans

Despite the use of multimodal therapy, higher-grade glioma is still uniformly fatal in the adult population. There is a considerable difference between the length of survival in each given patient, even within the same tumor type and malignancy grade group, suggesting that there are factors that might differentially influence outcome. To identify such factors, 107 patients with anaplastic or malignant glioma were retrospectively investigated. Clinical parameters and paraclinical data on the p53, mdm2, and EGFR genes at the DNA or protein level were evaluated by univariate analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modeling. Kaplan-Meier survival estimation demonstrated that immunohistochemical positivity for mdm2 protein in patients with anaplastic astrocytoma or with glioblastoma multiforme was associated with a shorter survival time (p = 0.02). P53 gene mutations and immunopositivity for the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) protein were not significantly related to poor prognosis. The Cox proportional hazards model revealed immunohistochemical positivity for p53, mdm2, or for both of them, the presence of postoperative irradiation, and the extent of surgical resection of tumor to be variables significantly associated with prolonged survival. EGFR overexpression, age over 60 years, and Karnofsky performance score below 40 points did not significantly shorten survival time. In conclusion, the present study identified immunohistochemically detected mdm2-protein overexpression as a statistically significant negative prognostic parameter in patients bearing anaplastic or malignant glioma. Association analysis of variables revealed a possible correlation between mdm2 and p53, which is also consistent with the biological interaction mode of both proteins in vivo.     

Sexuality and aging--usual and successful

BACKGROUND: As aging research increasingly reflects an effort to dissociate true time-driven changes from those that can be improved, sexuality in later life remains largely unexplored. Several problems are evident. There is a lack of normative data, a lack of a conceptual framework relating to the biology, psychology, and sociology of sex, and an attitudinal resistance that obscures the entire topic. METHODS: We conducted a three-part instructional series on major topics involved with sexuality and aging. We surveyed our group of attendees (n 158, average age 68 for males, 65 for females) before and after the series. RESULTS: A remarkably robust sex life was evidenced by both the men and the women, even until advanced old age. Yet, a substantially decreased involvement was reported from 10 years earlier. Despite current activities, people of both sexes wished they were participating even more than they currently were. Impotency was identified as the major negative feature for the men; relationship problems were for the women. A questionnaire 6 months after the series reported improved sexual attitudes, but no change in sexual activities from the earlier survey. CONCLUSION: Sexuality is a major quality-of-life issue which persists into old age. Our study showed that the usual sexual practices reported by our group were not considered by them to be ideal. The intervention of this instructional series provided improved sexual attitudes but not performance. Additional studies are encouraged.     

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis and sports

Spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis occur predominantly in the lower lumbar spine. Besides congenital defects such as predisposition of spondylolysis the correlation between competitive sports activities and an increased incidence of spondylolysis is proved. In early stages, complete healing can be achieved by conservative treatment (abstinence from sports activities for 3 months, orthesis). Persistence of pain, neurologic symptoms and progression of vertebral slipping are indications for operative treatment (reconstruction of the isthmus, dorso-ventral spondylodesis). The exercise tolerance depends on the extent of instability, progression of vertebral slipping and clinical symptoms. The limits of exercise tolerance vary among the individual athletes and require the decision of the physician. Backstroke swimming, abdominal and back muscle strengthening exercises, and types of sport involving smooth movements are advisable. Sports education in school is possible without restriction in patients with stable spondylolysis and in those with spondylolisthesis without unfavourable concomitant factors.     

Larks and owls and health, wealth, and wisdom

OBJECTIVE: To test the validity of Benjamin Franklin's maxim "early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, wealthy, and wise." DESIGN: Cross sectional analysis of sleeping patterns in a nationally representative group of elderly people, and longitudinal investigation of mortality. SETTING: Eight areas in Britain (five in England, two in Scotland, and one in Wales). SUBJECTS: 1229 men and women aged 65 and over who in 1973-4 had taken part in a survey funded by the Department of Health and Social Security and for whom data on sleeping patterns, health, socioeconomic circumstances, and cognitive function had been recorded. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Self reported income, access to a car, standard of accommodation, performance on a test of cognitive function, state of health and mortality during 23 years of follow up. RESULTS: 356 people (29%) were defined as larks (to bed before 11 pm and up before 8 am) and 318 (26%) were defined as owls (to bed at or after 11 pm and up at or after 8 am). There was no indication that larks were richer than those with other sleeping patterns. On the contrary, owls had the largest mean income and were more likely to have access to a car. There was also no evidence that larks were superior to those with other sleeping patterns with regard to their cognitive performance or their state of health. Both larks and owls had a slightly reduced risk of death compared with the rest of the study sample, but this was accounted for by the fact that they spent less time in bed at night. In the study sample as a whole, longer periods of time in bed were associated with increased mortality. After adjustment for age, sex, the presence of illness, and other risk factors, people who spent 12 or more hours in bed had a relative risk of death of 1.7 (1.2 to 2.5) compared with those who were in bed for 9 hours. The lowest risk occurred in people who spent 8 hours in bed (adjusted relative risk 0.8; 0.7 to 1.0). CONCLUSION: These findings do not support Franklin's claim. A "late to bed and late to rise" lifestyle does not seem to lead to socioeconomic, cognitive, or health disadvantage, but a longer time spent in bed may be associated with increased mortality.     

Craniometaphyseal and craniodiaphyseal dysplasia, head and neck manifestations and management

Mechanical allodynia (MA) following hand injury is a well-documented clinical problem. The purpose of this pilot study was to examine the relationship between hand MA and the upper limb tension test (ULTT). The ULTT mechanically stresses the neural structures from the C5/6/7 neural foramina to the median nerve distally. This study examined 29 subjects with unilateral hand MA before and after a 2-week neural self-mobilization programme. There was a significant difference between the subjects' affected and unaffected sides when tested using the ULTT, both in reproduction of symptoms and in reduced range of motion of the ULTT. Following the self-mobilization program, there was an improvement in the range of the ULTT, and subjects reported a reduction in their symptoms. Complete recovery was not obtained in all cases. The results of this study suggest that the ULTT is a useful tool both in assessment and treatment of subjects with hand MA.     

深云立交桥梁检测及加固改造

根据深云立交桥梁的检测结果，对该桥目前的整体状况、工作状态，及其使用情况做出综合评价，对桥的病害原因进行了分析，并提出合理的加固方案。     

关于摩尔浓度及其与硬度转换关系问题的讨论

众所周知，国际单位制物质的量采用摩尔(mol)表示，近几年出版的给排水专业书籍，为了与国际单位制接轨，逐渐将摩尔的使用频率不断提高，被给排水技术人员广泛应用的新版给排水设计手册，将表示物质浓度的单位“当量／升”或“毫克当量／升”．改为mol／l或mmol／l，虽然编者对其基本单元定义作了说明，但在实际运用上仍会出现误解，     

《儿子与情人》的语码转换与男女二元对立

劳伦斯小说《儿子与情人》一个鲜明的语言特色就是标准英语和当地方言频繁的语码转换。莫瑞尔用方言来对抗妻子,而妻子坚持用标准英语,偶尔也用方言来讽刺、挖苦丈夫。语码转换反映了劳伦斯男女二元对立的哲学思想。