Octane-increasing composite additive based on ethanol

One way of improving the ecological properties of gasolines is to develop effective, cheap, and environmentally clean high-octane additives. The prohibition of toxic lead-containing antiknocks led to the development of alternative compounds. As experience in using them showed, oxygen-containing additives or oxygenates were the most promising: methyl tert-butyl, ethyl tert-butyl ethers (MTBE, ETBE), methanol, and others [1]. __________ Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 2, pp. 33–34, March–April, 2006.     

Influence of spectral and textural characteristics and acidity of MFI zeolite on activity of catalysts for dimethyl ether conversion to hydrocarbons

Comparative data obtained by studying the synthesis of С₅₊ hydrocarbons from dimethyl ether (DME) on catalysts using MFI zeolites available from different manufacturers are presented. It has been shown that MFI zeolite samples substantially differ in their acidic properties and structural, morphological, and textural characteristics. The catalysts based on different MFI zeolites also noticeable differ in the yield and chemical composition of С₅₊ hydrocarbons. By switching from the stand-alone operation of a DME conversion reactor to the joint operation of two reactors for synthesis of oxygenates (DME and/or methanol) from synthesis gas and synthesis of hydrocarbons from oxygenates connected by a single circuit, high selectivity for hydrocarbons of the gasoline fraction is achieved with the catalyst based on the MFI zeolite, for which the bands characteristic of Н₃О⁺ acid sites are observed in diffuse reflectance IR spectra.     

Evaluating the Efficacy of Corrosion Inhibitors in Automotive Gasolines

A method for assessing the corrosion properties of automotive gasolines containing oxygenates and the effectiveness of corrosion inhibitors for these fuels similar to the method in ASTM D 665 is examined. Data on its use are reported.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 49 – 50, July – August, 2005.     

提高汽油辛烷值的新途径

介绍了目前正在应用或开发的一些提高汽油辛烷值的新工艺,包括改变汽油基础组分提高汽油的辛烷值和添加非铅汽油添加剂。     

MTBE中硫化物组成的研究

对国产甲基叔丁基醚（MTBE）中常见硫化物的化学结构及成因进行了详细表征。研究结果表明,MTBE中的硫化物全部源于精制液化气,包括硫醇、硫醚、二硫化物等,其中的硫醇及二硫化物直接来源于精制液化气,硫醚则主要来源于硫醇与烯烃在MTBE生产过程中的硫醚化反应。根据MTBE中硫化物的详细表征结果,可以推测液化气脱硫工艺中存在的问题,对液化气及MTBE深度脱硫具有指导意义。     

Production of Environmentally Clean High—Octane Gasoline Additives

Acceptance tests were successfully conducted and the unit for production of a high—octane, environmentally clean gasoline additive — methyl tert—butyl ether (MTBE) — with output of 60,000 tons/year in feedstock — the C₄ catalytic cut — was started up on March 17, 2002 at UKRTATNAFTA OJSC (Kremenchug). The unit was designed by Ukrneftekhimproekt OJSC (Kiev) based on Neftekhimstart Ltd. technology (Yaroslavl') and turnkey constructed by Kedr—89 Ltd.     

MTBE原料和产品一体化降硫技术的应用与效果

介绍了中国石油天然气股份有限公司乌鲁木齐石化分公司甲基叔丁基醚(MTBE)原料来源及生产过程,阐述了MTBE作为高辛烷值清洁汽油调合组分中硫含量高对生产合格国Ⅴ汽油的影响。分析出传统Merox抽提法和纤维膜碱洗法脱硫精制工艺中存在的不足使得原料混合C4中硫含量偏高以及MTBE生产中对硫化物的富集致使MTBE产品硫含量偏高。同时综述了延迟焦化装置与重油催化裂化装置技术升级和改造方案。采用原料脱硫和产品深度脱硫联合一体化技术降低MTBE中硫含量后,延迟焦化和重油催化装置固碱量累计可节约465 t/a,磺化钛氰钴消耗可节省350 kg/a,可节约生产成本约78万元/a。同时MTBE装置进料中硫质量分数由130μg/g降至50μg/g,采用萃取精馏后产品MTBE硫质量分数由50μg/g降至10μg/g以下,满足生产国Ⅴ汽油技术指标及产品升级要求。     

Antiseptics Made from Petroleum Resins

Data are reported on the compositions and technology of production of safe petroleum protective creosote materials based on resinous residues and gasoils from thermal and catalytic processes.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 3, pp. 51 – 54, May – June, 2005.     

Analysis of hydrodynamic conditions in contact equipment by use of a radioactive tracer

Conclusions A method is developed for investigating the hydrodynamic conditions of reactors by introducing C¹⁴O₂ into the main gas stream. It is shown that the value of the Pe_L remains practically constant and independent of Re and temperature for a full scale reactor and over the Re number range 0.4–2.8.Values characterizing the efficiency of mixing in a full scale reactor are determined.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 8, pp. 1–2, August, 1970.     

中国MTBE生产技术现状及展望

介绍了中国ＭＴＢＥ生产技术包括催化剂、工艺技术及生产应用的发展过程。分析了各种合成ＭＴＢＥ技术如列管固定床反应、固定床外循环反应、膨胀床反应、混相床反应、催化蒸馏和混相反应蒸馏（ＭＲＤ）等技术的优缺点，提出今后ＭＴＢＥ生产应扩大装置规模和原料资源，并增加产品种类。     

MTBE装置催化剂失活原因分析及对策探讨

从生产MTBE的各种催化树脂的使用、消耗情况出发,分析了催化剂失活的主要原因,并针对性地提出了相应的解决措施.结果表明:采用了新的措施后,延长了催化剂的使用周期,提高了反应转化率和MTBE产量,提高了装置的经济效益.     

对叔丁基邻苯二酚的合成与反应过程表征

以邻苯二酚和甲基叔丁基醚为原料、浓硫酸为催化剂合成对叔丁基邻苯二酚（4-TBC）。采用13C-NMR与气相色谱结合的方法分析表征4-TBC合成产物，采用13C-NMR方法实时监测4-TBC的反应过程，并对反应工艺条件进行考察。结果表明，单纯采用气相色谱方法分析表征产物时，过程复杂且对杂峰无法判定，而采用13C-NMR方法可以确定分子结构中不同碳位的化学位移、推测反应碳位与机理，并能更清晰判定产物中组分的组成。在邻苯二酚与MTBE物质的量比为1.1、硫酸用量为邻苯二酚质量的6%、反应温度为（120±2）℃、MTBE 滴加时间为2.0~2.5 h的条件下，MTBE滴加完成后1.5 h时反应混合物中4-TBC质量分数为84.3%，3,5-DTBC质量分数为1.6%。     

Study of the hydrodynamic cycle of technical reactors by the use of a radioactive indicator

Conclusion The quantities defining the intensity of internal mixing in reactors with a volume of 76 and 186 liters (filled and empty) are determined by the method of introducing radioactive carbon dioxide C¹⁴O₂ as a tracer.It is shown that in the filled reactor when Re=12, the quantity Pe_L is close to the limiting value, equal to 2; the cycle in this reactor corresponds to ideal displacement.Change of temperature has no effect on mixing in the filled reactor.It is shown that in the empty reactor, when Re changes from 60 to 177 the parameter Pe_L remains almost constant and equal to 0.6. In this case, ideal displacement is not achieved in the empty reactors over the range of Re numbers investigated.Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 11, pp. 44–46, November, 1972.     

Mechanism of action of oxygenates

The mechanism of the action of oxygenates is discussed from the standpoint of redox reactions. It is shown that the action of oxygenates on the process of combustion of hydrocarbons is associated with oxidation of the latter in steps. The reason for the increase in octane number upon addition of oxygenates may be different rate of overcoming conformational differences under conditions close to the critical temperature of the hydrocarbon at the pre-ignition combustion stage. The influence of propylene oxide on the performance properties of gasoline is examined. Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No.3, pp. 28 – 31, May – June, 2009.     

Production of Better–Quality Oxidized Asphalts. Process Implementation

The method is based on use of fluidics — an injection system for feed of feedstock and air. Introduction in asphalt production at Ryazan' Oil Refining Co. showed: equipping the oxidizing reactor with an injection system allowed obtaining viscous paving asphalts for which all parameters exceeded the requirements of GOST 22245–90, TU 38.1011356–91, and Neste specifications; stable operation of the reactor was attained in all output ranges; the injection feed system is distinguished by simplicity and reliability, and coking problems are totally eliminated; the investments are insignificant, the output of the oxidizing reactors is increased, and specific air consumption is reduced.     

几种多功能反应器研究和应用的最新进展

对反应蒸馏塔,膜反应器,吸附反应器以及反应耦合传热反应器等主要的多功能反应器近年来的研究进展进行了综述,多功能反应器可按不同的目的进行设计,诸如高产品产率,低副反应,低能耗和减少环境污染等。     

Features of Intermediate Layer Formation in Water-Oil Emulsions

New data on the mechanisms of intermediate layer formation in petroleum emulsions are reported. The possibility of structural phase transitions preceding the inversion points of these multicomponent media was experimentally demonstrated. Many features of these transitions are similar to the phase transitions in model dispersions of the Winsor III type. In manufacturing processes, the formation of undesirable “intermediate layers’ can be interpreted as the appearance of a bicontinuous phase at ratios of the volume fractions of water and crude close to unity.__________Translated from Khimiya i Tekhnologiya Topliv i Masel, No. 4, pp. 37 – 39, July – August, 2005.     

MTBE裂解制异丁烯分离工艺的研究

对MTBE裂解制异丁烯分离工艺进行了研究 ,在分离实验的基础上 ,设计了前水洗和后水洗两种分离工艺流程 ,采用Aspenplus软件对这两种分离流程进行模拟。模拟结果表明 ,两种流程均能得到合格的异丁烯 ,两种分离工艺流程各有其特点。前水洗分离流程已成功地应用到多套MTBE裂解制异丁烯的工业生产装置中。     

高辛烷值汽油添加剂MTBE和TAME的技术进展

对高辛烷值汽油添加剂ＭＴＢＥ及ＴＡＭＥ的合成方法、合成工艺、备种催化剂及技术经济前景进行了较为详细的论述。     

固体酸催化甲醇和叔丁醇合成甲基叔丁基醚的研究

研究了以甲醇和叔丁醇为原料合成甲基叔丁基醚用催化剂及反应条件。实验表明,用稀盐酸浸渍处理的７３２型强酸性阳离子交换树脂具有良好的催化效果。反应的最佳条件为：甲醇与叔丁醇摩尔比１：１,催化用量２４％,沸腾回流７ｈ,此时转化率为５１．３％,产率可达３７．２％。