薄型精纺毛织物综合服用性能与结构参数的关系

通过对薄型精纺毛织物经纬向拉伸强力、折皱回复角、悬垂系数、经纬向抗弯长度、织物起毛起球性能的测试,并运用Q型聚类分析方法对所测指标与织物的经纬纱线密度、经纬密度、经纬纱捻度、面密度、厚度等结构参数进行分析,得出性能指标与织物结构参数之间的关系。研究表明原料、组织相同,经纬纱线密度相近的薄型毛织物综合服用性能接近;织物的原料对薄型毛织物的服用性能影响最大;织物的面密度、厚度对薄型精纺毛织物综合服用性能影响较小。     

基于支持向量机的精纺毛织物透气性预测

为了能够快速、高效地预测精纺毛织物材料透气性,首先对精纺毛织物透气性参数之间的关系进行分析,然后,基于对现有的精纺毛织物透气性预测方法进行比较分析,并借助支持向量机训练速度快、参数选择少的优点,构建了一种基于支持向量机的精纺毛织物透气性预测模型。其次,选取了34组精纺毛织物样本,其中27组作为训练样本,7组作为测试样本,通过提出的模型对精纺毛织物的透气性进行实验验证。结果表明:在参数C=1 325.525 8和σ=0.102 8的条件下,对精纺毛织物透气性预测结果的平均误差小于4%,得到较好预测结果。与现有BP神经网络预测模型相比,其预测精度提高了3%,进一步说明构建的模型有利于快速、高效地预测精纺毛织物材料透气性。     

薄型精纺毛织物折皱性与织物结构的关系

薄型精纺毛织物已成为毛纺行业发展的主流产品，各毛纺企业都在大力生产和开发，但它在使用过程中存在抗皱性差，缺乏可机洗性。本文通过实验和应用软件，分析织物抗皱性与织物结构的关系。结果表明：薄型精纺毛织物的折皱性不仅与纱线的原料、纱线的捻度，纱线的线密度有关，还与织物组织、织物的厚度、织物的经纬密有很大的关系。     

薄型精纺毛织物的起毛起球与织物结构的关系

通过大量实验,运用软件分析了薄型精纺毛织物的结构参数与织物的起毛起球之间的关系,得出了织物原料、组织、经纬密、纱线捻系数与织物起毛起球性的相互关系。     

薄型精纺毛织物综合服用性能指标之间的关系

针对薄型毛精纺成衣存在经向延伸性、经纬向弯曲度、剪切刚度过小等缺陷,采用FAST织物风格仪、电子强力拉伸仪、织物抗折皱弹性仪等仪器测定了成衣的性能指标,并用R型聚类分析的方法对薄型精纺毛织物综合服用性能指标之间的关系进行研究,找出各性能指标之间的关系.     

基于因子分析的精纺毛织物透气性能的系统聚类

采用因子分析方法对20种精纺毛织物的12个与透气性密切相关的结构参数进行优化提取,结果表明:12个结构参数可以综合成4个因子变量,分别代表着织物结构特征中的紧密程度、厚重、经纬交织结构相、纱线规格等4个方面。以因子得分及透气性为变量,对20种精纺毛织物进行了系统聚类。结果表明:聚类水平控制在λ≤5较为合适,在该水平下,精纺毛织物的透气性可以划分为4个区间,每个区间内的织物具有相似性。     

薄型精纺毛织物悬垂性与结构参数的关系

对多种不同规格的薄型精纺毛织物的悬垂性能进行测试，采用Origin7．0软件分析了织物的悬垂性能与织物结构参数之间的关系，结果表明织物的厚度、原料、紧度和纱线的捻度对薄型精纺毛织物的悬垂性能均有不同程度的影响。     

轻薄型精纺毛织物的结构参数对其服用性能的影响

通过对8种轻薄型纯毛精纺织物的结构进行分析,并对其抗皱性、刚柔性、悬垂性和透气性等主要服用性能进行了测试.运用灰色系统中的灰色关联理论对结构参数和服用性能指标进行数据处理,分析了轻蒲型精纺毛织物的结构参数与服用性能的关系.结果表明:纱线的线密度对织物服用性能影响最大,其次是单位面积质量、织物厚度和紧度,为设计高档精纺毛织物提供了理论依据.     

主成分回归分析法在精纺毛织物透气性与结构参数关系模型构建中的应用

为了研究精纺毛织物透气性与基本结构参数的关系,利用主成分分析方法对织物基本结构参数进行降维处理,得到4个互相独立的主成分。以主成分为自变量,透气性为因变量,采用回归分析的方法建立了透气性与提取主成分的关系模型。结果表明:建立的回归方程Q=208.544+0.119Z1-0.036Z2-0.145Z3-0.331Z4,达到非常显著水平,对透气性进行预测是可行的。通过主成分分析可知,主成分Z1、Z4是决定精纺毛织物透气性的主要因素。     

拒水拒油整理对精纺毛织物性能的影响

采用新型的硅氟整理剂对精纺毛织物进行整理,利用正交试验设计方案得到了对精纺毛织物进行拒水拒油整理的最佳工艺:浴比1∶30,pH=5,120℃焙烘120 s.测试表明:整理后的织物具有非常好的拒水效果,并且经多次水洗后没有明显变化.与未整理的织物相比,整理后织物的透湿性、透气性依然良好,断裂强度略有增加,但织物的白度稍有下降.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the