改进型INTER-MIG搅拌槽内固液悬浮特性的数值模拟

应用CFD软件Fluent 12.0和并行计算机工作站对双层改进型INTER-MIG桨式搅拌槽内的固液悬浮特性、临界离底悬浮转速及功率消耗进行数值模拟,分析了在固体体积分数as=30%下,转速n、桨叶离底距离C1和桨间距C2等因素对搅拌槽内颗粒悬浮特性的影响. 结果表明,在一定的转速和桨径下,改变C1和C2会改变流场的局部结构,选取适合的C1和C2可使固液混合更均匀,有利于颗粒悬浮和整个搅拌槽传质传热的进行. 最佳桨叶离底高度与槽径比为0.36,最佳桨叶间距与槽径比为0.44;在该最佳工况下临界离底悬浮转速Njs=118.3 r/min;得到既能达到完全离底悬浮、又能使搅拌功耗最小的最佳转速为n=124 r/min.     

改进Intermig桨种分槽搅拌性能的数值模拟

利用商业CFD软件Fluent 12.0和并行计算系统图形工作站,对改进的Intermig桨种分槽内部流场进行了三维数值解析.采用Realizable κ-ω流模型和欧拉-欧拉多相流模型对槽内不同桨叶离底距离C、桨叶直径D下的氢氧化铝颗粒悬浮规律以及搅拌桨功率消耗进行了模拟.结果显示,搅拌转速一定的条件下,桨叶直径越大...     

高固含搅拌槽内临界离底悬浮转速的数值模拟

使用计算流体软件CFX5.5.1对固液搅拌槽内颗粒的临界离底悬浮转速进行了数值模拟. 搅拌槽直径D=0.476 m,搅拌桨为三叶CBY螺旋桨. 桨叶安装高度h=D/3. 固液两相为玻璃珠-水,固体体积浓度为15%~50%. 对临界离底悬浮的速度判据进行了修正,并利用浓度判据与修正的速度判据得到颗粒临界离底悬浮转速Njs,模拟计算结果与实验数据的误差在工业允许的范围内. 同时,对临界离底悬浮状态槽底部不同浓度下的流体湍流动能的分布情况以及大小进行了预测,并对2种固体临界离底悬浮机理进行了验证.     

半圆管曲面涡轮搅拌槽内混合特性的数值模拟

在商业化软件ANSYS CFX 10.0平台上,采用多重参考系法来解决挡板与桨叶之间的相对转动问题,由标准k-ε模型对半圆管曲面涡轮搅拌槽内流动和混合过程进行了详细的数值模拟,本模拟所得的功率准数和设计值以及相关文献值吻合良好。结果表明：当搅拌桨离底距离由搅拌槽直径的1/2处变为1/3处时,搅拌槽内的流型均为典型的“双循环流型”,而当搅拌桨离底距离由搅拌槽直径的1/3处降低至1/6处时,槽内流型由典型的“双循环流型”转变为“单循环流型”;通过对不同时刻不同桨叶离底距离下的示踪剂浓度分布图分析表明槽内的混合过程与流动场密切相关;加料点位置对于最终的流场混合效果有着显著影响,对于混合时间数据的采集应注意不同加料位置时监测点的选取。CFD模拟结果表明本文所采用的模型可以很好的预测半圆管曲面涡轮搅拌槽内的混合特性,为进一步改进和优化半圆管曲面涡轮的设计提供了一定的参考。     

涡轮桨搅拌槽流动场数值模拟

在旋转坐标系下 ,采用k-ε湍流模型模拟了两个时间瞬间六直叶涡轮搅拌槽内流体流动状态 ,模型成功地再现了六直叶涡轮搅拌槽内“双循环”流动形式 .模拟结果表明当桨叶离底距离C/T =0 .16 7时 ,槽体内流动从径向流动转化为轴向流动 .模拟计算搅拌功率准数及桨叶排出流量准数与实验结果相差很小 ,数值模拟速度分布与实验测量结果吻合较好 ,且预测速度数值明显优于“黑箱”模拟方法     

带导流板的自吸式搅拌槽内流动场的数值模拟

对一带导流板的自吸式搅拌槽进行了数值模拟,研究搅拌转速、桨叶高度、叶片数目对搅拌槽内流动场的影响.结果表明,随着搅拌转速的均匀增大,搅拌槽内流体速度均匀度增大,搅拌轴功率也逐步增大;随着桨叶高度的逐渐增大,搅拌功率先降低再增加;桨叶安装高度为150 mm,搅拌混合效果较好;随着桨叶数目的增多,搅拌槽内的流体速度分布更加...     

搅拌槽中固液悬浮及其放大的研究

研究了具有盘管、碟形底和斜叶涡轮固液悬浮搅拌槽的放大规律。试验用槽径（外径）分别为０．２ｍ、０．５ｍ和１．０ｍ的三个有机玻璃搅拌槽。用激光法测定悬浮液浓度。得出离底悬浮及均匀悬浮时搅拌转速和比功率的经验关联式，与测定槽内轴向速度分布所导出的均匀悬浮方程相吻合，并表明槽径的放大指数主要由循环流数所决定。     

几种单层桨搅拌槽内宏观混合特性的比较

为了丰富对向心桨的混合特性的认识,比较了向心桨、Rushton桨、三斜叶桨和穿流桨的单层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性,考察了搅拌转速、桨叶离底高度对搅拌槽混合时间和功率特性的影响。结果表明,四种桨的宏观混合时间均随着搅拌转速的增加而减少,搅拌功率均随转速的增加逐渐增大。当转速相同时,四种桨型中Rushton桨的功率消耗最大,三斜叶桨功率消耗最小,向心桨的功率消耗仅仅比三斜叶桨高。桨叶离底高度的变化对四种桨型的混合时间和功率的影响不尽相同。混合效率的影响因素大小顺序为：搅拌转速>桨型>桨叶离底高度。在考察的四种桨型中,向心桨的混合效率最高。研究成果可为向心桨等新型搅拌桨的工业应用积累实验数据,为其优化设计和放大提供理论依据。     

几种单层桨搅拌槽内宏观混合特性的比较

为了丰富对向心桨的混合特性的认识,比较了向心桨、Rushton桨、三斜叶桨和穿流桨的单层桨搅拌槽内的宏观混合特性,考察了搅拌转速、桨叶离底高度对搅拌槽混合时间和功率特性的影响。结果表明,四种桨的宏观混合时间均随着搅拌转速的增加而减少,搅拌功率均随转速的增加逐渐增大。当转速相同时,四种桨型中Rushton桨的功率消耗最大,三斜叶桨功率消耗最小,向心桨的功率消耗仅仅比三斜叶桨高。桨叶离底高度的变化对四种桨型的混合时间和功率的影响不尽相同。混合效率的影响因素大小顺序为:搅拌转速桨型桨叶离底高度。在考察的四种桨型中,向心桨的混合效率最高。研究成果可为向心桨等新型搅拌桨的工业应用积累实验数据,为其优化设计和放大提供理论依据。     

双层翼型桨搅拌槽内流动特性的PIV研究

在直径0.476 m的搅拌槽内,采用粒子图像测速技术对双层三叶CBY翼型桨搅拌槽内的流场进行了研究,考察了层间距、浸没深度和离底高度等参数对流场分布的影响. 结果表明,层间距H2≤0.6T(T为搅拌槽直径)时,槽内可形成整体的轴向循环流动,H2≥0.7T时槽内将产生分区流动现象. 浸没深度对桨叶排出流区域的速度影响很小. 降低下层桨的离底高度能加强下层桨的径向流动,并增大上层桨叶轮区和循环区流体的轴向流动.     

SOLID-LIQUID SUSPENSION SYSTEM IN AGITATED TANK WITH DRAFT TUBE

Solid-liquid suspension in an agitated tank with a draft tube was investigated witha newly developed infrared turbidimeter for measuring solid concentration.The diameter of theflared inlet transition tube and the distance from the inlet to the tank bottom are two importantparameters for draft tube design The NAX-4 impeller,developed in this study,is characterized byits high flow efficiency and low power consumption.Some modifications are made to the Bald′smodel by considering the effects of solid concentration and fluid viscosity on the critical speed forcomplete off-bottom suspension.The modified equation fits the experimental data satisfactority andcan be used in scale-up design     

IMPELLER CLEARANCE EFFECT ON OFF BOTTOM PARTICLE SUSPENSION IN AGITATED VESSELS

The effect of impeller off bottom clearance on the power input requirement for off bottom solid suspension was examined for 45° pitched blade impellers in flat and round bottom fully baffled agitated vessels. Results showed a similar dependence as obtained for radial flow impellers when similar flow patterns were observed. The dependence appears to be independent of the impeller diameter to tank diameter ratio and vessel shape.     

Suspension of solid particles in multi‐impeller three‐phase stirred tank reactors

Solids suspension characteristics in gas—liquid–solid three‐phase stirred tanks with multi‐impellers were experimentally examined. Minimum impeller speeds for ultimately homogeneous solid suspension have been measured stirred tank reactors. Three impellers were installed: two four‐pitched blade downflow disk turbines and one Pfaudler type impeller chosen to provide good gas dispersion and to accomplish off‐bottom suspension of solid particles, respectively. Gas dispersion causes an increase in particle sedimentation associated with a decrease in power consumption and as a result, minimum impeller speeds for ultimately homogeneous solid suspension increase with increasing gas flow rates. A correlation was developed to predict minimum impeller speeds for ultimately homogeneous solid suspension. The proposed correlation, which agrees satisfactorily with the experimental results, is expected to be useful in design and scale‐up.     

Numerical optimization for blades of Intermig impeller in solid–liquid stirred tank

The multiphase flow in the solid-liquid tank stirred with a new structure of Intermig impeller was analyzed by computational fluid dynamics(CFD).The Eulerian multiphase model and standard k-ε turbulence model were adopted to simulate the fluid flow,turbulent kinetic energy distribution,mixing performance and power consumption in a stirred tank.The simulation results were also verified by the water model experiments,and good agreement was achieved.The solid-liquid mixing performances of Intermig impeller with different blade structures were compared in detail.The results show that the improved Intermig impeller not only enhances the solid mixing and suspension,but also saves more than 20% power compared with the standard one.The inner blades have relatively little influence on power and the best angle of inner blades is 45°,while the outer blades affect greatly the power consumption and the optimized value is 45°.     

Solids suspension agitation in square tanks

The Zwietering correlation for the just‐suspended speed has been modified to include baffling and geometric effects (impeller‐to‐tank diameter ratio and impeller off‐bottom clearance) for two impeller types (high‐efficiency and pitched‐blade). Baffles are generally not required when using square tanks although they improve solids suspension performance of pitched‐blade turbines. Comparison of square tank solids suspension to that in a fully baffled cylindrical tank has also been made. Very little difference was observed in the power number, but the just‐suspended speed, torque, and power requirements were higher in the square tank.     

三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨搅拌釜内流场的模拟及实验

对应用于聚乙烯聚合反应中的三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨的搅拌釜内流场进行了模拟研究,分析组合桨的离底距C ₁、桨间距C ₂以及转速N的变化对搅拌釜内流场的影响,利用PIV实验对模拟结果进行了验证;将该组合桨与三叶后掠-六直叶圆盘涡轮组合桨进行了模拟对比研究。结果表明：当桨间距与釜内径的比为0.35时,釜内桨叶间的流体流动效果最好,该条件下能够改善搅拌釜上层流体的速度分布;当离底距与釜内径的比值为0.29时,组合桨下方出现了整体的环流,有利于釜底流体的混合;桨叶转速N=90 r/min时釜内流体速度分布均匀,同时上层HEDT桨叶产生的射流方向趋于水平。两种组合桨的对比研究表明：二者流型相近,但前者搅拌功率能够得到明显降低。研究结果可为三叶后掠-HEDT组合桨在聚乙烯聚合反应釜中的工程应用提供参考。     

鱼尾形桨叶用于龙卷流型搅拌反应器的性能研究

介绍了一种新型、高效、节能的鱼尾形搅拌桨叶应用于龙卷流型搅拌槽中的组合反应器。龙卷流型搅拌设备兼有径向流和轴向流搅拌的特点,其最大的优势在于可以用较低的成本解决目前存在的一些高密度或高浓度固体颗粒悬浮操作技术上的难题。基于此,提出了对这种搅拌式反应器进行更进一步改进的方案。利用CFD技术对鱼尾不同的张开角度和挡板偏移条件进行了模拟,得到了尺寸优化的鱼尾形搅拌反应器结构。     

改进型框式组合桨搅拌釜内流场特性

对5m³树脂反应釜及釜内改进型框式-二斜叶双层组合桨等比例缩小建立模型,基于计算流体力学（CFD）中的多重参考系法对该双层组合桨搅拌釜流场进行了模拟研究,并利用粒子图像测速（PIV）实验对模拟结果进行了验证。分析了桨叶离底间距、桨间距及组合桨安装角度的变化对流场产生的影响。随着离底间距的增大,搅拌釜下层框式桨横梁处产生往槽底的轴向流强度会逐渐减弱,不利于底部物料的混合;桨间距的增加导致两桨间对流减弱,不利于两桨间流体的混合,当桨间距与釜内径的比值为0.77时,搅拌釜内的整体流动情况较好。对上下层桨叶安装角度分别为0°、45°和90°这3种工况下的釜内流场特性研究表明,安装角度为90°时,斜叶桨产生的轴向流强度最大,此时搅拌釜内流体的混合效果最好。研究结果为改进型框式桨与二斜叶桨双层组合桨应用于树脂聚合反应实际工程提供参考。     

MIXING CHARACTERISTICS IN SLURRY STIRRED TANK REACTORS WITH MULTIPLE IMPELLERS

Hydrodynamic parameters such as power consumption, gas holdup, critical impeller speed for solid suspension and mixing time were measured in slurry stirred tank reactors with multiple impellers. The experiments were mainly conducted in a stirred tank of 0.2mi.d. with baffles. It contained two four-pitched blade downflow turbines for gas dispersion and one Pfaudler type impeller for solid suspension. As a part of scaling studies, additional experiments were also carried out in a larger stirred tank reactor (0,8m i.d.) geometrically similar to the smaller one. Glass beads and polymeric particles were used as a solid phase. Solid concentration was in the range of 0-20% (K/K). Tap water and methanol were used as a liquid phase

The power consumption decreased due to an introduction of gas and the presence of solids caused a decrease in the extent of reduction in power consumption. A correlation for power consumption in aerated slurry systems was proposed, It was found that the presence of solids is responsible for a decrease in gas holdup. A new correlation for gas holdup in gas-liquid-solid three-phase stirred tank reactors was developed. It fit the present experimental data reasonably. The critical impeller speed for solid suspensions increased with increasing gas flow rate. However, its increase was rather smaller as compared with the predictions of the correlations available in the literature. We proposed a correlation of the critical impeller speed for solid suspension in the presence of gas. The mixing time complicatedly increased or decreased depending on gas flow rate, impeller speed, solids type and concentration.