PrepHub Nepal

This article documents an action-research and collaborative-design process for building a disaster-prepared public space and water infrastructure in Thecho, Nepal. When the 2015 Gorkha earthquake devastated the country, public open spaces provided safety and resources post-disaster. The project identifies the paati, an existing public space typology, as the genius loci and embeds the paatis with new public infrastructure. Combining earthquake reconstruction, historical preservation, and risk reduction, the intervention provides improved daily water access and a safe space to gather post-disaster. Documenting and reflecting on this process illustrates the importance of ethnographic fieldwork and local partnerships in designing for a disaster-prepared public realm.     

商务新城先导区交通体系构建技术研究——以花桥国际商务新城先导区为例

商务新城先导区是整个商务新城最新建设的核心、示范性区域,合理、前瞻、相对完善的交通设施建设可对整个商务新城交通体系建设起到良好的示范带头作用。通过系统分析先导区用地与交通的协调发展,提出了先导区交通体系建设的发展策略,并对先导区对外通道建设、片区内部道路网方案、片区道路系统组织、公共交通规划、停车设施建设及慢行交通规划方面提出了相应的优化建议。合理、前瞻性的交通体系规划可利于保障先导区的持续繁荣发展,并有效的指导近期交通设施建设。     

Capturing Land Value Increment to Finance Infrastructure Investment—Possibilities for South Africa

In the globalisation age, cities are the drivers of economic growth. However, sustainable economic growth demands considerable investment in infrastructure. South African cities face a triple challenge of eradicating historical infrastructure backlogs inherited from the Apartheid era, servicing and maintaining existing infrastructure and providing new infrastructure to stimulate economic growth. In the South African context, the provision of municipal infrastructure plays a critical role in eradicating sociospatial inequalities as part of an overall poverty reduction strategy. This places a huge burden on local governments in South Africa in particular as they face capacity constraints and challenges in terms of raising sufficient own revenue in order to finance infrastructure projects. This paper argues that in light of the South African government’s current infrastructure drive and the significant amount of public resources being spent on transport infrastructure upgrades, it is an opportune time to consider the impact of transport infrastructure investment in particular on land value and how this value can be captured to finance the provision of infrastructure at local level. The paper cautions though that any programme aimed at capturing betterment needs to be based on sound research and needs to take cognisance of the legislative, policy and economic context in South Africa.     

从多样到多元——中国驻外外交建筑的文化价值与设计手法刍议

60多年来,新中国驻外外交建筑日益发展;其文化价值取向形成了不同阶段下的鲜明特征。从新中国成立后到改革开放之前,中国驻外外交建筑的文化价值主要体现新中国的独立和尊严,形成一定的程式。改革开放后,快速的经济发展带来追求文化识别性的迫切性,一系列的实践致力于中国元素形式的多样性表达,仿古、符号和象征手法较为常见。进入新千年后,作为正在崛起的大国,外交建筑的文化价值面临多元化的转型,责任与谦逊、特色与含蓄、现代与历史相互交融。本文分析各个阶段驻外外交建筑设计的特征和经验,结合自身的实践和探索,归纳新时期驻外外交建筑的文化价值要素,分析在融入环境、体现国家识别性、彰显时代精神等方面的新趋势。     

Measuring changes in regional competitiveness: The effects of international infrastructure investments

The paper has two major aims, to review traditional approaches to the measurement of regional competitiveness and to outline possible problems in applying these to cases where international comparisons are involved and major changes in competitiveness are likely. This is based on research on a case study of the effects of building the Channel Tunnel between Britain and France. This raises particular questions about the impact of new transport infrastructure, especially in the context of the attempts to reduce the effects of national frontiers within the European Community. The main conclusion concerns the need to adopt a more dynamic model of the effects of transport cost changes. The paper notes the extreme practical difficulties in making precise forecasts of these effects, but highlights the need to recognise the substitutability of transport for other factors of production, the importance of subjective factors and the likely changes in the spatial organisation of production.     

Private sector involvement in financing and operating transport infrastructure

The key role of transport infrastructure in the emerging European network has provoked many questions as to the financing and operating of existing and new transport infrastructure. In the course of the twentieth century governments in all countries have assumed responsibility for financing and operating transport infrastructure. In the past decade, however, serious doubts have been expressed on the efficiency of a strong public financial involvement in infrastructure. The paper addresses the question whether infrastructure financing and operation is a necessary competence of governments. In principle, infrastructure may be provided by the private sector, through which efficiency gains may be achieved. Therefore, the necessity for government financing is at stake in the current debate. In the paper several arguments for and against private financing are systemically evaluated and illustrated by diverse uses related to various modes of transport. The conclusion is that there is much scope for the private sector in financing and operating new and existing transport infrastructures in Europe.     

沿江开发背景下的南京城市发展思路

产业化、城市化、功能化“三化联动”,是沿江开发背景下南京城市快速发展的总体思路。就产业化发展而言,要强调区域协调与因地制宜相结合、综合协调发展、有序发展、同类产业相对集中的观念;就城市化发展而言,要强调因地制宜地推进城市化进程、调整优化沿江城镇布局;就功能化方面而言,要强化区域中心城市交通集散功能,加强中心城市辐射流通职能、构筑多中心城市格局,构筑南京现代物流基础设施平台的主要基础框架,架构跨江绿化生态网络,打造滨江城市形象。     

Development of web-based information technology infrastructures and regulatory repositories for green building codes in China (iCodes)

With the unprecedented pace of construction in China, reliable and consistent communication between the various building industry players (both local and international) throughout the whole building delivery process is of paramount importance for the successful achievement of green building improvement in China. In order to achieve the goals of the green building standards through integrated team work in a reformed building delivery process, a web-based information technology (IT) infrastructure named China Green Building Codes and Standards Online (iCodes) is developed based on advanced web application and database technologies. The principal strategic thrust of the work is to develop an integrated bi-lingual platform to support the processes involved in building energy efficiency practices as well as research and development (R&D) purposes. It aims to provide a consistent knowledge repository for generating educational material for teaching and training purposes that cover the life-cycle building delivery process. With the help of the fast growing and wide spread Internet technology in China, this integrated IT framework and features will enable efficient dissemination of green building practice related information throughout China.     

Infrastructure, ecology and art

In keeping with the ‘industrial ecology’ metaphor, roads and railways should be regarded as forming an ecosystem with their surroundings, just like industrial systems (factory premises, manufacturing industries) that have had to start functioning as ecosystems in which the flow of energy, water, raw materials and waste products has been made to recycle as far as possible. In this type of system approach, the flow of material, transport, emissions and energy and the habitats of plants and animals are geographically, systematically and functionally integrated, especially when they are based on a greater degree of interweaving between man and nature than is currently the case. In short, a new way of looking at the meaning of ecology in relation to the physical infrastructure.In the article, examples are given about the practical implication of linking ecological patterns and processes within the design process of civil engineering object, as well as the possible art’s contribution in forming infrastructural landscapes.     

Urban sprawl and municipal budgets in Spain: A dynamic panel data analysis

Urban sprawl has recently become a matter of concern throughout Europe, but it is in southern countries where its environmental and economic impact has been most severe. This low‐density, spatially expansive urban development pattern can have a highly marked impact on municipal budgets. Thus, local governments may see sprawl as a potential source of finance, in terms of building‐associated revenues and increased transfers from upper tiers of government. At the same time, sprawl leads to increased levels of expenditure, as it may raise the provision costs of certain local public goods and requires greater investment in extending basic infrastructure for new urban development. What, therefore, is the net fiscal impact of urban sprawl? Do local governments consider the long‐run net fiscal impact of new urban growth or do they simply focus on its short‐term benefits, ignoring future development costs? This paper addresses these questions by analysing the dynamic relationship between urban sprawl and local budget variables. To do so, we estimate a panel vector autoregressive model using data for 4,000 Spanish municipalities for the period 1994–2005. Computed generalized impulse response functions show: (i) that sprawl considerably increases demand for new infrastructure; (ii) that the capital deficit generated by this new infrastructure is covered in the main by intergovernmental transfers and, to a lesser extent, by revenues linked to the real estate cycle; and (iii) that sprawl leads to a short‐term current surplus, as the increase in current revenues offsets the increase in current expenditures due to public service provision for new developments. Overall, these findings point to a moral hazard problem for local governments in which inordinate intergovernmental transfers and development revenues encourage excessive urban sprawl.     

陕南某地新农村基础设施的建设现状及探析

作为"十一五"规划的一个重要任务,社会主义新农村建设正在我国各地全面展开。以陕南某地实地调研为依据,介绍了该地区社会主义新农村建设中的基础设施建设现状,指出了目前该地区在给排水、道路桥梁、垃圾粪便处理、生活用能设施等方面需要加强的地方,以及当地新农村基础设施建设中在组织管理方面存在的一些问题,对实现社会主义新农村的建设目标有一定指导意义。     

生态城市视角下的生态基础设施建设

从生态城市的内涵出发,阐明了生态基础设施对于构建生态城市的重要性,剖析了城市生态基础的内涵,指明了我国生态城市建设的着力点,以循序渐进地开展生态城市的建设。     

Cross-national collaboration in strategic transport projects: The impact on benefits realization

This study investigates cross-national collaboration to realize benefits in strategic transport projects (STPs) characterized by complexity, ambiguity, and collaboration challenges between project organizations. With the increasing importance of STPs in realizing (developing) countries’ adequate transport needs and demands, we respond to calls for a more in-depth and long-term exploration of the benefits realized in STPs across the project lifecycle. We conducted a multi-method, longitudinal case study of the Addis-Ababa light rail transport project by building on interviews, observations, and secondary data. By adopting a longitudinal perspective, our findings draw out the collaboration challenges, and their impact on benefits realization, in a cross-national STP across the pre-planning, development, and operations phases. We contribute to how organizations collaborate in a cross-national STP to realize pricing and infrastructure benefits, and thereby provide an extension to our understanding of crucial benefits of STPs that go beyond the iron triangle.     

巴黎城市规划体系中的绿色基础设施构建方法与启示

近十多年来,法国逐步完成了城市规划体系的根本性改革,并将绿色基础设施构建纳入城市规划体系。作为欧洲人口密度最高的城市,巴黎在其高密度城市中构建绿色基础设施所面临的挑战非同寻常,因而也具有着更宝贵的借鉴价值。在绿色基础设施的构建中,巴黎首先充分挖掘了现有绿色空间资源以及计划增加的绿色空间资源。对于计划增加的绿色空间,除了通过传统绿化方式以外,还特别重视与交通基础设施及建筑结合等新方式。同时,面对当代城市问题,巴黎对城市绿色基础设施在确保和促进城市生物多样性、应对气候变化和协调多样化的使用功能等方面的作用进行了卓有成效的探索。最后,本文讨论了巴黎的绿色基础设施在规划方法、组成以及与政策和城市规划对接方面的启示。     

浅谈智能建筑与综合布线系统

介绍了智能建筑与综合布线系统的概念，组成，功能及特点，并对设计中涉及的一些问题进行了探讨，指出综合布线系统是未来智能建筑的必备基础工程之一。     

综合布线系统浅析

随着智能建筑的迅速发展，综合布线系统得到了广泛应用，通过某写字楼综合布线系统的设计，对综合布线系统的组成、应用以及它所具有的兼容性、开放性、可靠性、先进性、经济性和实施过程中应注意的问题，作了全面分析，对综合布线系统的设计、施工将有一定的帮助。     

The role of simulation in support of Internet-based energy services

The connection of buildings to the Internet broadband network is becoming commonplace. The establishment of such an infrastructure enables the development of a range of new energy, environment and health-related services for people in their homes and workplaces. Telecommunications companies and utilities are actively developing examples of such services, and local authorities and health care providers are supporting trial deployments. Several of the services can be enabled or enhanced through the application of building modelling and simulation. This paper describes the infrastructure for the e-services under test within a European research project and shows the potential for simulation support for these services.     

旧工厂中的媒体传播者

对于一家以自身创造力见长的公司来说，将其办公地址安置于旧工业区而非传统商业区的方式可谓显示了其鲜明的个性。建立在过去旧工业区之上的仓库．教堂、甚至足球场都被引入了新的元素，成为Ogilvy广告设计公司整个办公大楼乃至整体景观的一部分。可以说ogilvy办公大楼这一匠心独具的设计方式为该行业甚至是整个阿姆斯特丹树立了一种榜样。     

Significance of mobility in the life-cycle assessment of buildings

While most life-cycle assessments of buildings have focused on construction and use phases, the location of a building can significantly affect the transportation demand of its inhabitants. The life-cycle energy and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of two representative buildings in Lisbon, Portugal, are compared: an apartment building in the city centre and a semidetached house in a suburban area. An integrated approach is used to conduct a life-cycle analysis that includes building construction, building use and user transportation. Sensitivity analyses are used to evaluate impacts for multiple locations. For the apartment, building use accounted for the largest share of energy and emissions (63–64%), while for the house, most (51–57%) of the energy and emissions were associated with user transportation. Energy and GHG emissions for suburban locations were significantly higher (by 55–115%) than those in the city-centre locations, largely due to individuals commuting by car. The analysis demonstrates the significance of transportation and highlights the importance of residence location in urban planning and environmental assessments. These results are likely to apply to other southern European cities that have expanded with significant growth in car ownership and use. To improve urban sustainability, development strategies should consider the transport infrastructure in addition to building efficiency.