露天煤矿端帮残煤开采及边坡暴露时间分析

为了提高露天开采的煤炭资源回收率，掌控露天煤矿端帮残煤开采工程安排，提出了水平和近水平大型露天煤矿汽车运输内排条件下，露天煤矿端帮露井联采、端帮陡帮开采、减少露天煤矿端帮边坡暴露时间的措施．结果表明：采掘工作帮帮坡角越大、内排土场工作帮帮坡角越大、工作线推进强度越大、内排土场下部水平排土台阶高度越大、采场坑底宽度越小露天煤矿端帮边坡的暴露时间越短；当露天煤矿端帮实行陡帮开采时，汽车运输内排通路可设在采场中部回填搭建。     

安家岭露天煤矿端帮采煤方法研究

将井工开采的放顶煤采煤技术应用于平朔安家岭露天煤矿端帮煤开采,提出了“煤墙支撑简易放顶煤”采煤法。该法将煤层全厚分为上下两个采掘层,每个采掘层又分为上下两个分层,采掘下分层时用单体液压支架支护,采掘上分层时采用顶板放炮民落煤,采掘的煤层厚度可达10m以上,此种采煤方法具有安全可靠,资源回收率高、作业效率高等优点。     

近水平露天煤矿端帮靠帮开采方式与剥采比研究

运用露天采矿学的基本原理,提出了端帮靠帮开采的基本方法、实现形式、基本条件以及靠帮开采的意义,给出了靠帮开采剥采比的概念;在单一煤层和复合煤层情况下,推导出了2种端帮靠帮开采方式的靠帮开采剥采比计算公式,建立了不同煤层厚度和覆盖物厚度对靠帮开采剥采比影响趋势预测的数学模型和图示方法.结果表明：在近水平露天煤矿实施端帮靠帮开采,可以降低剥采比,提高煤炭资源回收率和经济效益,同时也丰富了露天开采方法与设计理论.     

海州露天矿排土工作分析

Ⅰ.排土场的一般情况海州露天煤矿是世界最先进的规模巨大的煤矿之一,目前计划的年产量达420万吨(选前量),年剥离量达2000万立方公尺,所以排土工作就成为露天矿生产中最重要而复杂的工作之一,排土工作的好坏直接影响露天采煤及其他一切生产过程的能否顺利进行和露天生产的经济指标。     

露天采矿优化决策的新途径

露天采矿研究的对象是复杂的大系统，它具有多因素和非确定性的特点，传统的定性分析或定量优化方法具有较大的局限性。因此，把专家系统技术引入到露天采矿领域，将专家知识与常规系统工程理论相结合，实现定性与定量优化的有机统一，是进行露天采矿工艺优化决策的新途径。本文分析了国内外露天采矿专家系统的发展，开发了一个优化决策我国露天煤矿开采工艺的智能系统。     

大型近水平露天煤矿端帮边坡时效性分析及应用

利用露天矿端帮边坡与内排土场、工作帮的关系研究露天矿端帮边坡的时效性,分析了露天采矿参数对端帮边坡暴露时间影响,采用端帮边坡的暴露时间作为边坡时效性评价的指标,结合端帮边坡压帮前后稳定系数变化的对比分析,根据给出的判断准则,论证了安太堡露天煤矿端帮边坡角可以提高到42°.结果表明:露天矿采场和排土场推进速度是影响暴露时间的重要因素,利用内排压帮方法完全可以提高端帮边坡角.     

关于中国煤矿工业露天开采的现状和发展方向问题

一、我国解放以来露天发展概况在中央及地方各级党和政府的领导下,由于苏联的无私帮助,煤矿职工的辛勤劳动,我国露天煤矿也随着全国煤矿的迅速发展而有了很大的发展,其概况分述于下:解放前仅在我国东北地区有露天开采,其中鹤岗煤矿仅有以人力开采为主的几个小露天,年产数万吨,规模较大的抚顺西露天,解放当时剥离欠量达千余万立方公尺,非工作帮崩岩复盖,压煤约900万吨,机械失修,到处有自然发火,产量很低。此外,在阜新尚有中小型的新邱北露天及孙家湾露天,设备简陋而又破损,生产遭到破坏。     

露天矿端帮开采下的支撑煤柱突变失稳机理研究

利用端帮采煤机工艺对我国大型露天矿开采后残存的大量端帮滞留煤进行开采时,保留的支撑煤柱的失稳机理尚未明确,已成为制约该工艺安全、高效应用的突出难题.基于端帮开采中支撑煤柱的承载模型,结合尖点突变理论,同时考虑煤柱安全系数的要求,建立了支撑煤柱保持稳定的判据公式;通过对煤柱的极限应力进行分析计算,得到了采硐两侧煤柱的屈服区宽度计算公式.根据建立端帮开采下由煤柱及顶板构成的弹性地基梁模型,得出了煤柱在载荷作用下的压缩量计算公式.利用端帮开采下的支撑煤柱的稳定性模型,可对煤柱的合理宽度进行理论分析,对端帮开采工艺的应用具有重要的指导意义.     

我国近水平煤田露天开采的若干技术问题

本文针对我国山西、内蒙、陕西一带近水平煤田的特点,探讨了适宜的露天开采工艺、开采程序、开拓运输系统等主要技术问题和提高近期经济效益的措施。剥岩采用单斗挖掘机一汽车运输开采工艺条件下,划分条区开采,双翼内排;采煤采用露天滚筒式采煤机进行煤矸选采;以及运煤采用汽车—溜井—巷道胶带输送机系统等等。对上述近水平煤田的合理开发有实际意义。     

《中国矿业大学学报》2006年第6期被Ei收录论文

论文题目第一作者纵向通风水平隧道火区阻力特性周延间歇冻结控制人工冻土冻胀的试验研究周金生注入能量对硅片的表面性能影响的研究张德坤金属网篮交叉点法预测煤自燃临界堆积厚度仲晓星矿物浮选过程的耗散结构分析冯莉露天煤矿端帮残煤开采及边坡暴露时间分析刘勇常见可燃物燃烧特性实验与数值模拟研究汪磊坚硬顶板型冲击矿压灾害防治研究牟宗龙一水硬铝石型铝土矿选择性絮凝分选工艺研究王毓华特大型矿井持续开采的合理规模分析王红胜安太堡露天矿半固定式破碎站布设水平的优化李新旺煤巷高冒区松散煤体自然发火的数值模拟研究张东海基于…     

Application of open-pit and underground mining technology for residual coal of end slopes

Given the conditions of residual coal from the boundary of a flat dipping open-pit mine,which uses strip areas mining and inner dumping with slope-covering,we propose an open-pit and underground integrated mining technology for residual coal of end slopes.In the proposal a conveyance road and ventilation conveyance near the slope are built,corresponding to the pit mining area and the surface coal mine dump,as well as an interval haulage tunnel and air-inlet tunnel.The outcome shows that such mining method may reduce the effect to slope stability from underground mining,it does not affect the dumping advance and has a high recovery rate of residual coal resources.The working face is timbered by single hydraulic props,transported by a scraper conveyor and supported by coal walls.This method of mining is one of layered top coal caving,with high resource recovery,low production cost where positive economic benefit can be realized.     

Calculation of slope-cover height under price fluctuation in open-pit mines

Leaving ditches between adjacent mining areas can effectively reduce re-stripping in the latter mining area and simultaneously lead to an increment in internal dumping costs in the former mining area. This paper establishes calculation models for these two marginal costs. The optimizing model for slope cover height can be determined by including marginal cost models in the objective function. The paper has two main contributions: (a) it fully considers redistribution of dumping space in the model; (b) it introduces price fluctuations and cash discounts in the model. We use the typical open-pit mine as an example to test and prove the model. We conclude that a completely covered slope is reasonable in Haerwusu open pit mine; in addition to an increasing price index, the slope cover height can be reduced; and that price changes are one of the most important influencing factors of slope cover height optimization in an open-pit mine.     

露天开采境界

本文对确定露天开采境界的理论作简要分析和评价,指出基于静态经济分析的现有理论的局限性,提出按动态经济分析确定露天开采境界的理论和方法,并分析了露天开采程序、工作帮坡角、露天矿开采强度、贴现率、以及矿石价格和开采成本变化对露天开采境界的影响。     

Technical parameters of drawing and coal-gangue field movements of a fully mechanized large mining height top coal caving working face

Under fully mechanized, large mining height top coal caving conditions, the shield beam slope angle of the support increases due to the enlargement of the top coal breaking and caving space. This results in a change of the caving window location and dimensions and, therefore, the granular coal-gangue movement and flows provide new characteristics during top coal caving. The main inferences we draw are as follows. Firstly, after shifting the supports, the caved top coal layer line and the coal gangue boundary line become steeper and are clearly larger than those under common mining heights. Secondly, during the top coal caving procedure, the speed of the coal-gangue flow increases and at the same drawing interval, the distance between the coal-gangue boundary line and the top beam end is reduced. Thirdly, affected by the drawing ratio, the slope angle of the shield beam and the dimensions of the caving window, it is easy to mix the gangue. A rational drawing interval will cause the coal-gangue boundary line to be slightly behind the down tail boom lower boundary. This rational drawing interval under conditions of large mining heights has been analyzed and determined.     

Stability and reliability of pit slopes in surface mining combined with underground mining in Tonglushan mine

Slope stability is of critical importance in the process of surface-underground mining combination. The influence of underground mining on pit slope stability was mainly discussed, and the self-stabilization of underground stopes was also studied. The random finite element method was used to analyze the probability of the rock mass stability degree of both pit slopes and underground stopes. Meanwhile, 3D elasto-plastic finite element method was used to research into the stress, strain and rock mass failure resulting from mining. The results of numerical simulation indicate that the mining of the underground test stope has certain influence on the stability of the pit slope, but the influence is not great. The safety factor of pit slope is decreased by 0.06, and the failure probability of the pit slope is increased by 1.84%. In addition, the strata yielding zone exists around the underground test stope. The results basically conform to the information coming from the field monitoring.     

Rapid and robust slope failure appraisal using aerial photogrammetry and 3D slope stability models

Slope failures are an inevitable aspect of economic pit slope designs in the mining industry. Large open pit guidelines and industry standards accept up to 30% of benches in open pits to collapse provided that they are controlled and that no personnel are at risk. Rigorous ground control measures including real time monitoring systems at TARP(trigger-action-response-plan) protocols are widely utilized to prevent personnel from being exposed to slope failure risks. Technology and computing capability are rapidly evolving. Aerial photogrammetry techniques using UAV(unmanned aerial vehicle) enable geotechnical engineers and engineering geologists to work faster and more safely by removing themselves from potential line-of-fire near unstable slopes. Slope stability modelling software using limit equilibrium(LE) and finite element(FE) methods in three dimensions(3D) is also becoming more accessible, user-friendly and faster to operate. These key components enable geotechnical engineers to undertake site investigations,develop geotechnical models and assess slope stability faster and in more detail with less exposure to fall of ground hazards in the field. This paper describes the rapid and robust process utilized at BHP Limited for appraising a slope failure at an iron ore mine site in the Pilbara region of Western Australia using a combination of UAV photogrammetry and 3D slope stability models in less than a shift(i.e. less than 12 h).     

露天开采规划决策系统及其应用

介绍了露天开采规划决策系统的基本功能，应用该系统建立了某露天矿的地质模型和采矿模型，进而在地质资源综合评价的基础上，对首采区的开采程序进行了多方案的模拟开采，应用动态经济评价方法对之进行技术经济分析和比选，最后对优选的开采方案进行了中长期的规划，这为该矿的合理开发奠定了基础．实践证明，该系统具有较强的实用性和通用性，可以作为露天矿优化决策的有效工具。