改良型MSBR工艺在县级污水处理厂中的应用

结合广西某县污水处理一期工程,介绍了改良型MSBR工艺在县级污水处理工程中的设计与应用。该工程一期规模为2.0×104m3/d,采用改良型MSBR工艺,稳定运行后,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级B标准。该工艺在运行调试过程中根据进水水质的变化,采取了加强脱氮除磷效果的改良措施,出水水质稳定达标,减排效果明显,运行能耗低,节约用地效果显著,具有较明显的技术经济优势。介绍了改良型MSBR工艺的关键设计参数、技术要点以及系统运行调试与控制方式,可为同类项目的设计与运行控制提供参考。     

上海吴淞污水处理厂污水处理工艺改造设计

介绍了上海吴淞污水处理厂污水处理工艺改造的设计过程。设计通过对该厂现状运行情况进行调查与水质分析,分析了现有污水处理工艺的缺陷。在此基础上,有针对性地提出污水处理工艺改造方案,并通过计算机数学模型对污水处理改造工艺加以模拟验证,验证结果证明了污水处理工艺改造能够满足新的排放标准。     

污水处理厂AB法工艺改造方案的探讨

针对某污水处理厂AB法工艺改造的目标,分析了AB法工艺的局限性,结合该污水处理厂AB法工程的现有设施,从技术上探讨了4种具有脱氮除磷功能的工艺改造方案的可行性,并得到了适合于该污水处理厂AB法工艺改造的方案.     

MSBR工艺在小型污水处理厂设计中的应用

MSBR工艺是一种改良型SBR工艺,具有流程简洁、控制灵活、单元操作简单而且占地省等优点,同时由于小型污水处理厂自身的特点,所以小型污水处理厂设计中适宜采用MSBR工艺.通过实例证明,MSBR工艺出水水质满足要求,并且符合小型污水处理厂发展的需要.     

某污水处理厂应急改造应用

为应对天津市《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》的实施,某些污水处理厂进行了提标改造。介绍了某应急提标工程的基本条件与要求,综合考虑建设与使用时间、占地、运行现状、设计进出水水质等因素,确定了改造方案和工艺流程,并针对调试完成后实际运行中出现的问题制定了解决措施,确保出水满足要求。     

南通某污水处理厂的改造实践

南通某污水处理厂一期处理规模为2×104m3/d,占地约2.85 hm2,于2008年建成,主要处理工业集中区内经过预处理达到《污水综合排放标准》(GB 8978—1996)三级标准的化工废水(5 000 m3/d),以及由污水处理厂北部三个乡镇的印染废水和生活污水组成的综合废水(15 000m3/d)。对现状处理工艺存在的问题进行了具体分析,对各处理单元的处理能力进行校核,并提出了改造方案。改造工程实施后取得了预期效果,出水水质达到《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)的一级B标准。     

长江流域某污水处理厂的工艺改造

长江流域某污水处理厂采用A-A2/O工艺,在运行中存在TN偶然超标的现象,这主要与进水水质波动较大、C/N值有时偏低以及低温天气有关。为此,提出了关闭部分曝气装置、增设搅拌器、多点进水等解决措施。改造后,出水TN浓度大幅降低,达到了GB18918—2002的一级A标准,运行成本减少,管理更为方便。     

MBBR工艺应用于某污水处理厂的升级改造

针对某污水处理厂的升级改造中MBBR工艺的应用情况进行分析,目的就是提高污水处理效果,实现对污水的合理处理,确保经过处理后的污水能够达到排放标准,保证经过升级改造后的污水厂运行稳定.     

浅谈某机场污水处理厂污水处理工艺

CAST工艺是一种先进的污水处理工艺,在城市污水处理中得到广泛利用。结合某机场污水处理厂工程对该工艺的原理、工艺建筑物设置、工艺特点及优点等做了综合描述。     

鄂尔多斯某污水处理厂提标改造工程实践

鄂尔多斯市某污水处理厂采用曝气沉砂池+改良型卡鲁塞尔氧化沟+氯消毒工艺,原出水水质执行《城镇污水处理厂污染物排放标准》(GB 18918—2002)一级B标准。为使出水水质达到一级A标准,将改良型卡鲁塞尔氧化沟内现有的倒伞表面曝气改为底部曝气,增加氧化沟缺氧段池容,并新增中间提升泵房+高密度沉淀池+超滤的深度处理单元。污水处理厂提标改造后近一年的运行结果表明,出水水质稳定,各指标均满足设计标准。     

Evolutionary self-organising modelling of a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Building predictive models for highly time varying and complex multivariable aspects of the wastewater treatment plant is important both for understanding the dynamics of this complex system, and in the development of optimal control support and management schemes.This paper presents a new approach, which is called genetic programming as a self-organising modelling tool, to model dynamic performance of municipal activated-sludge wastewater treatment plants. Genetic programming evolves several process models automatically based on methods of natural selection ('survival of the fittest'), that could predict the dynamics of MLSS and suspended solids in the effluent.The predictive accuracy of the genetic programming approach was compared with a nonlinear state-space model with neural network and a well-known IAWQ ASM2. The genetic programming system evolved some models that were an improvement over the neural network and ASM2 and showed that the transparency of the model evolved may allow inferences about underlying processes to be made. This work demonstrates that dynamic nonlinear processes in the wastewater treatment plant may be successfully modelled through the use of evolutionary model induction algorithms in GP technique. Further, our results show that genetic programming can work as a cost-effective intelligent modelling tool, enabling us to create prototype process models quickly and inexpensively instead of an engineer developing the process model.     

Antimicrobial resistance of fecal indicators in municipal wastewater treatment plant

Antimicrobial resistance of fecal coliforms (n = 153) and enterococci (n = 199) isolates was investigated in municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) based on activated sludge system. The number of fecal indicators (in influent and effluent as well as in the aeration chamber and in return activated sludge mixture) was determined using selective media. Susceptibility of selected strains was tested against 19 (aminoglycosides, aztreonam, carbapenems, cephalosporins, β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors, fluoroquinolones, penicillines, tetracycline and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) and 17 (high-level aminoglycosides, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, linezolid, lincosamides, nitrofuration, streptogramins, tetracycline) antimicrobial agents respectively. Among enterococci the predominant species were Enterococcus faecium (60.8%) and Enterococcus faecalis (22.1%), while remaining isolates belonged to Enterococcus hirae (12.1%), Enterococcus casseliflavus/gallinarum (4.5%), and Enterococcus durans (0.5%). Resistance to nitrofuration and erythromycin was common among enterococci (53% and 44%, respectively), and followed by resistance to ciprofloxacin (29%) and tetracycline (20%). The resistance phenotypes related to glycopeptides (up to 3.2%) and high-level aminoglycosides (up to 5.4%) were also observed. Most frequently, among Escherichia coli isolates the resistance patterns were found for ampicillin (34%), piperacillin (24%) and tetracycline (23%). Extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing E. coli was detected once, in the aeration chamber. In the study the applied wastewater treatment processes considerably reduced the number of fecal indicators. Nevertheless their number in the WWTP effluent was higher than 10⁴ CFU per 100 ml and periodically contained 90% of bacteria with antimicrobial resistance patterns. The positive selection of isolates with antimicrobial resistance patterns was observed during the treatment processes. Substantial concern should be paid to the isolates resistant to 3 or more chemical classes of antimicrobials (MAR). In treated wastewater MAR E. coli and MAR enterococci constituted respectively 9% and 29% of tested isolates.     

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls in a municipal wastewater treatment plant and environs.

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) in sewage wastes at a municipal sewage treatment plant was studied, showing that the great bulk of PCBs entering such a treatment plant become adsorbed onto the grit chamber solids and the sludge that is passed from the anaerobic digesters. When appreciable quantities of PCBs are present in sewage, as was the case in this study, significant quantities can nevertheless pass with the effluents discharged from the treatment plant. The PCB concentrations in the treatment plant waters undergoing secondary and tertiary treatment tend to be consistent with the limited solubility properties of the PCBs. However, appreciably higher concentrations can be found in the sediments of waters receiving treatment plant discharges and bioaccumulation in fish is demonstrated readily. Also described are quantitative data on PCBs in soils fertilized with PCB-contaminated sludge.     

Analysis of a municipal wastewater treatment plant using a neural network-based pattern analysis

This paper addresses the problem of how to capture the complex relationships that exist between process variables and to diagnose the dynamic behaviour of a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WTP). Due to the complex biological reaction mechanisms, the highly time-varying, and multivariable aspects of the real WTP, the diagnosis of the WTP are still difficult in practice. The application of intelligent techniques, which can analyse the multi-dimensional process data using a sophisticated visualisation technique, can be useful for analysing and diagnosing the activated-sludge WTP. In this paper, the Kohonen Self-Organising Feature Maps (KSOFM) neural network is applied to analyse the multi-dimensional process data, and to diagnose the inter-relationship of the process variables in a real activated-sludge WTP. By using component planes, some detailed local relationships between the process variables, e.g., responses of the process variables under different operating conditions, as well as the global information is discovered. The operating condition and the inter-relationship among the process variables in the WTP have been diagnosed and extracted by the information obtained from the clustering analysis of the maps. It is concluded that the KSOFM technique provides an effective analysing and diagnosing tool to understand the system behaviour and to extract knowledge contained in multi-dimensional data of a large-scale WTP.     

火电厂烟气脱硫脱硝尾液生物处理技术浅析

火电厂烟气脱硫脱硝尾液是指烟气前置脱硝(SCR法)后置碱法湿式脱硫过程中残留的排放废液,具有高氨氮、高盐度(CI-、SO2-4浓度)和低B/C的特点,处理难度较大.火电行业已颁布实施了《火电厂大气污染物排放标准》(GB 13223—2011),因此烟气脱硫脱硝尾液处理已成为一项复杂且亟需解决的技术难题.分析了香港某大型火电厂脱硫脱硝尾液处理的工程实践,总结了该项工程脱硫脱硝尾液生物处理的工程经验.通过理论分析及厌氧氨氧化工艺处理脱硝尾液实验研究,探讨了采用厌氧氨氧化技术处理该类废水的可行性.     

Operational window of a deammonifying sludge for mainstream application in a municipal wastewater treatment plant

The present work aimed to study the mainstream feasibility of the deammonifying sludge of side stream of municipal wastewater treatment plant (MWWTP) in Kaster, Germany. For this purpose, the deammonifying sludge available at the side stream was investigated for nitrogen (N) removal with respect to the operational factors temperature (15–30°C), pH value (6.0–8.0) and chemical oxygen demand (COD)/N ratio (≤1.5–6.0). The highest and lowest N-removal rates of 0.13 and 0.045 kg/(m³ d) are achieved at 30 and 15°C, respectively. Different conditions of pH and COD/N ratios in the SBRs of Partial nitritation/anammox (PN/A) significantly influenced both the metabolic processes and associated N-removal rates. The scientific insights gained from the current work signifies the possibility of mainstream PN/A at WWTPs. The current study forms a solid basis of operational window for the upcoming semi-technical trails to be conducted prior to the full-scale mainstream PN/A at WWTP Kaster and WWTPs globally.     

Determination of virus abundance, diversity and distribution in a municipal wastewater treatment plant

Procedures to extract and count sludge viruses-like particles from municipal sewage treatment plant were optimized by epifluorescence microscopy using SYBR Green I as a stain. The highest indigenous virus yields from the bulk of the anaerobic digestion sludge and influent (solid) were obtained by utilizing 10 mM sodium pyrophosphate as eluant solution with vortex and 1 min of sonication. The use of 1× phosphate buffered saline as eluant with vortex and 1 min of sonication yields highest indigenous virus from activated sludge. The efficiency of extracting indigenous viruses by sodium pyrophosphate-ultrasound treatment was about 62% of the extractable virus particles from activated sludge and 87% for anaerobic digestion sludge, respectively. Samples treated with DNase had decreased, but not significant, virus counts, suggesting a minor effect of extracellular DNA on virus count. Following the optimized procedure, we investigated the abundance and diversity of virus particles in the wastewater stream of a municipal treatment plant. The concentrations of virus particles ranged from 0.28 × 10⁹ ml⁻¹ to 27.04 × 10⁹ ml⁻¹. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed a high variety of virus morphotypes in sludge. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) revealed a diverse and dynamic viral community in different stages of the system with genome sizes ranging from 33 kb to >350 kb with most of the viral DNA in the 30-80 kb and 200-350 kb size ranges. Collectively, our study suggested that indigenous viruses are abundant and dynamic in the municipal wastewater treatment system and may play an important role in functioning of the system.     

UASB法在啤酒厂废水处理中的应用

根据国内啤酒废水的水质特点,运用UASB法处理啤酒厂废水,此方法可将原废水COD值（800mg／L-3000mg／L）降低到国家规定的排放标准（≤500mg／L）,将此工艺与水解酸化池联合,可提高处理效率。     

关于小城镇污水处理厂污泥处理处置的探讨

针对我国小城镇污水处理厂污泥的特点,阐述了几种适于小城镇污泥处置的方法的优缺点,建议根据当地的资金和技术水平,因地制宜的选择污水处理厂污泥处理处置的方法。     

Multiresistant Enterobacteriaceae with class 1 and class 2 integrons in a municipal wastewater treatment plant

In this study, 1832 strains of the family Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from different stages of a municipal wastewater treatment plant, of which 221 (12.1%) were intI-positive. Among them 61.5% originated from raw sewage, 12.7% from aeration tank and 25.8% from the final effluent. All of the intI-positive strains were multiresistant, i.e. resistant to at least three unrelated antimicrobials. Although there were no significant differences in resistance range, defined as the number of antimicrobial classes to which an isolate was resistant, between strains isolated from different stages of wastewater treatment, for five β-lactams the percentage of resistant isolates was the highest in final effluent, which may reflect a selective pressure the bacteria are exposed to, and the possible route of dissemination of β-lactam resistant strains to the corresponding river. The sizes of the variable part of integrons ranged from 0.18 to 3.0 kbp and contained up to four incorporated gene cassettes. Sequence analysis identified over 30 different gene cassettes, including 24 conferring resistance to antibiotics. The highest number of different gene cassettes was found in bacteria isolated from the final effluent. The gene cassettes were arranged in 26 different resistance cassette arrays; the most often were dfrA1-aadA1, aadA1, dfrA17-aadA5 and dfrA12-orfF-aadA2. Regarding the diversity of resistance genes and the number of multiresistant bacteria in the final effluent, we concluded that municipal sewage may serve as a reservoir of integron-embedded antibiotic resistance genes.