化学共沉淀法制备四方相ZrO2-CaO纳米粉

以氯氧化锆、硝酸钙和氨水为原料,并掺杂摩尔数分数为5%的硝酸钙与共沸蒸馏分散相结合,采用化学共沉淀法制备ZrO2-CaO纳米粉末.DTA分析表明化学共沉淀前驱体在温度为593.81℃和1234.56℃时发生相转变.经在400,600,1100和1300℃煅烧1h后所得粉末,用TEM及BET测定其粒子尺寸,用XRD和Raman光谱分析其相结构,讨论了氧化钙的存在及粒径等因素对氧化锆四方相稳定的影响.结果显示:前驱体经600℃和1100℃煅烧后,可在室温下分别得到平均粒径为9.8nm和43.7nm的四方氧化锆纳米粉末.在掺杂摩尔数分数为5%的硝酸钙的ZrO2-CaO纳米粉末中,四方相的稳定区在600～1100℃,1234.5℃为四方相向单斜相转变的临界温度.     

沉淀法制备掺锆氧化锌纳米粉末的形貌与光学性能

采用直接沉淀法制备未掺杂和掺杂Zr元素的ZnO纳米粉末,通过X射线衍射(XRD)分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)以及紫外可见光谱(UV-Vis)分析、光学性能测试等,研究Zr掺杂量(0~5%,摩尔分数)与溶液pH值(6.5~13.0)对粉末粒度、形貌与结构及光学性能的影响。结果表明:Zr掺杂使ZnO粉末粒径减小。Zr掺杂量为1%的粉末粒径最小,晶粒尺寸为28 nm,Zr完全进入ZnO晶格中;当Zr掺杂量增加到3%和5%时,粉末粒径增大,并出现ZrO2相。反应溶液的pH值为6.5时,Zr-ZnO纳米粉末形貌为类球形。随pH值增大,Zr-ZnO粉末形貌逐渐向短棒状转变,粉末粒径先减小然后增大。随Zr掺杂量从0增加到5%,ZnO的光吸收峰先出现"蓝移"后出现"红移",表明Zr掺杂可提高ZnO粉末的禁带宽度,随Zr含量增加,粉末的禁带宽度先增大后减小,1%Zr-ZnO的禁带宽度最大。     

锆合金氧化膜内应力的产生与释放机制的探讨

对锆合金腐蚀过程中氧化膜内的应力状态演变特征及其影响因素进行了分析,重点探讨了腐蚀时锆金属基体和氧化产物之间的体积变化(PBR)、从四方相ZrO2(t-ZrO2)向单斜相ZrO2(m-ZrO2)的相变、第二相粒子沉淀及晶粒尺寸效应等因素对应力产生机理的影响.     

高能球磨制备Zr-V纳米粉末

将初始Zr粉和V粉按一定比例混合 ,用高能球磨设备制备Zr V纳米粉末 ,利用XRD和SEM及TEM研究研磨过程中粉末的物相及粒度变化。结果表明 ,粉末的晶粒尺寸随研磨时间的增加而减少 ,适当增加转速 ,可以缩短晶粒细化时间 ;通过高能球磨可以制备出粉末晶粒尺寸在 10nm左右 ,粉末颗粒尺寸在 6nm左右的Zr V混合粉末     

低量Y3+掺杂对TiO2光催化活性的影响

利用溶胶-凝胶法在煅烧温度600 ℃制备了不同Y3 掺杂量的纳米TiO2粉体,并用XRD技术对样品进行了表征.研究了Y3 掺杂量对样品相结构、晶粒尺寸和光催化降解亚甲基蓝的活性的影响,利用相结构与纳米TiO2光催化活性关系探讨了Y3 掺杂对纳米TiO2的光催化活性.结果表明,适量掺杂Y3 可以提高其光催化活性.当Y3 掺杂量为0.04%, 纳米TiO2粉体的光催化活性最佳,降解率为94.6%,其金红石相含量为9.8%,平均粒径为12 nm,Y3 掺杂强烈地抑制TiO2由锐钛矿相向金红石相的转变,减小晶粒尺寸这两方面均有利于提高光催化活性.     

粉末冶金Mg-6Al-xZr合金的组织与力学性能

采用机械合金化和粉末冶金技术制备了Mg-6Al-xZr(x=0、3、6、9)(质量分数)合金,研究了Zr含量对合金微观组织以及力学性能的影响。结果表明:550℃烧结态合金的组织由Mg基体、Zr以及Mg17Al12相组成,同时存在大量微孔;随着Zr含量的升高,Mg基体晶粒尺寸以及孔隙均变小,合金显微组织细化;合金的硬度和抗弯强度随Zr含量的增加而提高;650℃复烧后Al元素向Zr颗粒内部扩散并生成中间相Al3Zr,合金的力学性能进一步提高。     

煅烧温度对掺锑氧化锡粉体性能的影响

探讨了煅烧对掺锑氧化锡粉体性能的影响.用X射线衍射进行粉体晶粒尺寸和物相检测,表明粉体晶粒随煅烧温度升高而长大,粉体保持了SnO2的四方相结构.透射电镜结果表明颗粒为球形,随温度升高粒度增加.比较Sb2O5和Sb2O3的标准生成自由能,认为较低温度下Sb的掺杂应为Sb3+.     

水热法制备ZrO_2掺杂钨合金粉末的工艺研究及表征

以仲钨酸铵和硝酸锆为原料,采用分步水热法结合煅烧和二次氢还原工艺制得ZrO_2掺杂钨合金粉末。利用XRD、EDS、SEM、TEM等检测手段对不同制备过程产物的相结构、形貌及相转变进行分析。结果表明:仲钨酸铵与硝酸进行水热反应,生成一种钨酸,其分子式为1.5WO3·2H2O;硝酸锆与氨水进行水热反应后生成单斜结构ZrO_2;通过液-液掺杂方式使这两种产物混合均匀,干燥后得前驱粉末。经500~550℃煅烧后,立方结构1.5WO3·2H2O转变为单斜结构WO3。经800℃×2h+900℃×2h二次氢还原后得到ZrO_2掺杂钨合金粉末,其平均粒径为10~20nm。通过对比实验可得,掺杂ZrO_2可起到细化钨晶粒的作用。     

气相爆轰合成纳米TiO_2粉末的实验研究

以H_2/Air预混气体为爆炸源,在自制爆炸反应管中通过气相爆轰制备纳米TiO_2粉末。探讨了不同初始条件(初始温度25~200℃;H_2/Air混合比0.2~0.8)下管内爆轰压力的变化规律,同时借助XRD和TEM对不同初始温度下爆轰合成及高温煅烧的纳米TiO_2粉末的晶粒尺寸、晶相成分、形貌特征等进行表征。结果表明:以化学当量比预混的H_2/Air为爆炸源时,管末端的爆压最大;随着H_2含量的增加,管末端的爆压最终提高了39.03%,且增长速率先增后减;初始温度的上升使管末端的爆压最终降低了36.86%。气相爆轰合成的纳米TiO_2粉末(锐钛矿和金红石混晶),其晶粒尺寸随初始温度的升高先增后减,且其锐钛矿相含量逐渐减少;爆轰产物在高温煅烧过程中,锐钛矿相向金红石相转变的相变温度在700~900℃左右,且产物晶粒尺寸随煅烧温度的上升而逐渐增加。     

化学共沉淀法制备Sc_2O_3-Y_2O_3-ZrO_2纳米陶瓷粉末及其高温相稳定性

以(ZrOCl2·8H2O、Y(NO3)3·6H2O和Sc2O3为原料,聚乙二醇(PEG)为分散剂,采用化学共沉淀法制备YSZ(yttrium stabilized zirconia)(名义成分为4.5%Y2O3-ZrO2)与Sc-YSZ(名义成分为0.6%Sc2O3-YSZ)2种纳米复合陶瓷粉末(Y2O3和Sc2O3的含量均为摩尔分数),经过压制成形后在不同温度下烧结。通过透射电镜、X射线衍射等对粉末进行表征,研究其高温下相的稳定性。结果表明:前躯体粉末在600℃煅烧2 h后都呈单一的非平衡四方相结构。采用正向滴定法制备的0.6%Sc2O3-YSZ粉末粒径约为30 nm,粉末团聚严重,有许多大的团聚体,反向滴定法制备的0.6%Sc2O3-YSZ粉末粒径约20 nm,粉末团聚少。YSZ在1 200℃烧结100 h后,呈平衡四方相,并有立方相产生在1 300℃烧结100 h后,平衡四方相不稳定,产生立方相和少量单斜相;在1 400℃烧结100 h后,四方相全部转变为单斜相和立方相。而Sc-YSZ粉体在1 200、1 300和1 400℃下烧结100 h后都始终保持单一的非平衡四方相结构。因此在YSZ中添加少量Sc2O3可提高其相的稳定性。     

China's Major Non-ferrous Metals Imports & Exports

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Zinc Production by Province in 2014

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80% of Chinese Firms Purchasing Overseas Mines Ended up in the Red

<正>Minmetals Resources acquired the world’s largest copper mine under construction for USD5.85 billion.One after another,listed companies Jien Nickle,China Molybdenum and Chihong Zinc and Germanium raised money to get involved in overseas mining projects…SOEs and private enterprises are engaged in a frenzy of overseas mine purchasing.A reporter with Economic     

Copper Processing Profit Dropped Sharply,Copper Consumption Will Face Impact in the Second Half of the Year

正Judging from China’s copper consumption field,the biggest consumption unit is electric power,which accounts for 47%of total consumption;it is followed by light industry sector,including household electrical appliance,machinery,durable goods and hardware etc,which accounts for 22%of total consumption;followed by transportation field,     

Central Geological Prospecting Fund Newly Added 16.47 Million Tonnes of Bauxite in 2013

正In 2013,the Central Geological Prospecting Fund(CGPF)Project newly discovered 15 ore fields,including 3 large above ore fields,and 5medium sized ore fields.The reporter learned from the recently published"Annual Report of Central Geological Prospecting Fund Project(2013)"that,from 2006 to 2013 the CGPF     

Manufacturers of Copper Tube for Central Air Conditioner Use Face Mounting Pressure in the Final Quarter of the Year

正This year,the investment growth rate of real estate industry continued to slow down,sold area of commercial housing also dropped significantly,which brought huge pressure to the domestic air conditioning manufactures.In the first half of the year,by relying on high growth in national financial expenditure,along with investment in public infrastructure     

Xinjiang Ranks No.1 in Production of Primary Aluminum in China

正Kang Yi,Honorary Chairman of China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association,said recently at the Forum on Development of the Non-ferrous Metals Industry in Central and Western China held in Zhengzhou that,as more and more electrolytic aluminum factories in Xinjiang came into operation,the electrolytic aluminum output of Xinjiang had reached2,275,000 tons in the first 7 months this year,     

Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power Completed800,000 t/a Aluminum Project in Xinjiang

正"Xinjiang project has been completed according to schedule,but total completion and total start of production are two different concepts,after completion it still needs a gradual process of reaching production target."On the morning of November 3,Shenhuo Coal Industry and Electricity Power told investors the above statement on the investor interaction platform.     

Guangdong Metal Transaction Center has Become the Second Largest Precious Metal Transaction Platform Nationwide

正The reporter learned from Guangdong Province Precious Metal Transaction Center that in 2013the Center maintained healthy development momentum,and had become the second largest precious metal transaction platform in China in terms of market size;currently Guangdong is quickening steps of financial innovation for the Center,aiming to build a transaction center with international core competitiveness.     

Seven Rare Earth Projects Involving Close to 3 Billion Yuan Investment Landed In the HighTech Zone

正On May 22,Baotou Rare Earth Industry Cooperation Consultation MeetingProject Agreement-signing Ceremony was held in Ningbo,nearly 40 enterprises from Ningbo,Guangdong,Hunan,and Shanxi participated in project consultation.After multi-lateral communication,agreements were signed for a total of 7 rare earth projects successfully.