基于改进OMP算法的喷涂机器人轨迹规划研究

为实现CAD模型未知情况下的喷涂机器人自动轨迹规划,提出了一种基于工件三维点云直接生成喷涂轨迹的方法,并使用改进的正交匹配追踪(Orthogonal Matching Pursuit,OMP)算法进行轨迹优化.首先,将理想涂层厚度函数视作原始信号,通过引入信赖域反射算法解决了投影系数的约束问题,应用OMP算法进行涂层厚度重建,并求出每条喷涂轨迹的位置和喷枪速率.然后,对预处理后的点云模型应用轨迹生成算法得到工件表面的喷涂轨迹,通过坐标变换和姿态解算生成机器人喷涂轨迹.最后,对扫描获取的待喷涂曲面使用上述方法进行仿真.仿真结果显示,重建涂层厚度误差为4.28％,满足均匀性要求,喷涂时间显著缩短,表明所提出的轨迹规划和优化方法是可行的.     

STL模型切片生成喷漆机器人轨迹的研究

提出了运用STL模型切片技术生成喷漆机器人轨迹的方法.首先估算三角形面片的顶点法向矢量,然后对STL模型进行切片处理获取切片平面上的交点,再对交点进行法向矢量的估算,最后交点沿其法向矢量偏置喷枪到工件的距离以获取喷漆机器人的喷枪运行轨迹.该方法能准确控制喷枪的运行位置、方向以及喷枪与喷涂工件表面之间的距离,提高喷涂质量和效率.     

带矢量的STL切片处理的实现

采用机器人携带喷枪进行表面喷涂时，喷枪的运行轨迹（位置和角度）是决定喷涂质量的关键，为此需要快速而准确地获得待喷涂零件表面上各点的位置和该点处的法向矢量。本文提出了一种由程序直接获取机器人运行轨迹的方法：首先在普通CAD软件中对待喷涂零件三维建模并转换为STL文件，然后对STL文件的数据格式进行矢量扩展和切片处理，得到一系列带有方向的点系，最后按照一定规律排序形成机器人的运行轨迹。该方法将快速成形的切片技术用于表面喷涂工艺的机器人轨迹规划，从而精确地控制喷枪的运行位置、角度以及喷枪与待喷涂工件之间距离。最后还对得到的轨迹进行了模拟运行和机器人实际喷涂试验，证明了其准确性和有效性。     

利用GSOM网络实现散乱点云的区域分割

提出了一种改进的动态自组织特征映射(GSOM)神经网络算法,实现逆向工程中点云的区域分割,以数据点的坐标、估算出的法矢量和曲率构成的8维向量作为神经网络的输入,在训练中动态生成网络结构,克服了现有SOFM网络需要预先给出分区数目的限制,网络生成的结点数少、聚类速度快.最后通过实例实现了数据点云的区域分割,验证了该方法的正确性.     

面向飞机蒙皮的机器人喷涂轨迹规划

针对飞机蒙皮在线示教编程效率低、轨迹精度差及适用范围有限等问题,基于双目视觉三维扫描及CAD/CAM领域的加工模拟功能,提出一种根据三维模型的加工轨迹生成工业机器人喷涂轨迹的离线编程方法,为解决模型未知的复杂自由曲面喷涂问题提供了新思路。通过三维扫描获取飞机蒙皮表面点云并处理得到其三维模型,结合喷漆工艺,在Unigraphics加工模块中对三维模型加工轨迹进行参数化编程,提取轨迹点并调整喷枪姿态生成机器人喷涂路径;以飞机蒙皮为例进行喷涂仿真。结果表明:该离线编程方法的编程效率、轨迹精度明显优于在线示教编程;该编程方法对其他自由曲面同样具有适用性。     

面向喷涂件下挂的机器人 3D 视觉引导策略研究

因悬挂链运送喷涂工件难以严格定位,导致其下挂效率低下,提出一种基于 3D 视觉引导机器人进行喷涂件下挂的控 制策略。 通过实例分割网络 Mask-RCNN 进行训练推理,得到喷涂件实例 MASK,获取经像素对齐并实例分割后的彩色图和深 度图,利用相机内参重建喷涂件三维点云;离线生成喷涂件模板点云,在线生成喷涂件目标点云,经点云初始配准矫正喷涂件的 位姿后,进而通过 ICP 精配准算法实现喷涂件位姿估计;在机器人视觉系统手眼标定之后,进一步通过 5 次多项式插值设计机 器人关节平滑运动轨迹,控制引导机器人进行喷涂件下挂。 实验结果表明,喷涂件位姿估计角度平均误差不超过 10°,在 Z 移 动方向上误差值平均为 6. 83 mm,最小为 0. 02 mm,且在仿真环境和现场环境可引导机器人实现喷涂件自主下挂。     

自动热喷涂机器人喷枪轨迹研究综述

热喷涂机器人喷枪轨迹生成和规划是喷涂过程的重要研究内容之一。归纳了影响喷涂质量的关键因素,总结了喷涂方式的类型和轨迹生成的方法。在此基础上,对自动喷涂机器人路径规划的研究前景进行了展望。     

基于Z-map理论的喷枪轨迹生成方法

喷漆机器人作为一种先进的涂装生产设备已广泛应用于产品内外表面的喷涂,由于现代工业产品外形相当复杂,如何实现涂层均匀化变得极为重要。基于Z-map理论,在自由曲面CAD模型的基础上,将自由曲面三角网格化得到多面体模型,然后利用Z-map方法实现了等距喷涂情况下喷涂节点的坐标及其法向量的提取,将喷涂节点插补优化后连接为喷枪的喷涂轨迹,从而实现了自动生成自由曲面上喷枪轨迹。最后,以一汽车CAD模型为例生成了机器人喷涂轨迹。     

CAD/CAM/Robotic集成技术及其在石材产品加工中的应用

与数控加工技术相比,机器人加工具有成本低、工作空间大、可扩展外轴、加工和上下料一体化的特点,能完成数控加工无法完成的产品制造,但其缺乏CAD/CAM集成系统,阻碍了机器人加工的应用。利用数控加工的CAM软件生成机器人的位置刀轨迹,利用自主研发的软件将位置刀轨迹转换成机器人位置轨迹。借助于相邻三点的机器人位置刀轨迹点生成机器人刀轨迹点姿态,组合机器人刀轨迹点的位置和姿态,形成机器人的加工轨迹。将机器人加工轨迹下载到机器人控制器后,可以对产品进行加工。利用CAD/CAM/Robotic集成技术生成的机器人加工轨迹对石材产品进行加工,对比产品的CAD模型和实际加工的产品,证明方法的有效性。     

基于试验与仿真联合分析的喷涂机器人轨迹精度可靠性研究

采用链驱动的喷涂机器人易于实现本体的轻量化、末端高灵活度与正压防爆系统设计,从而满足家具、钢结构等一般涂装行业对喷涂机器人工作空间与腕部灵活度的要求,深入分析链驱动机器人的运动可靠性对喷涂质量和效率的提高具有重要意义。针对链驱动喷涂机器人的运动可靠性问题,采用一种基于试验与仿真联合分析的机器人末端轨迹精度可靠性分析方法。以旋量法为基础建立了喷涂机器人本体和喷枪的运动学模型,从工业机器人的操作臂性能和运动规律的角度出发,研究了喷涂机器人运动精度的影响因素。分析了链驱动喷涂机器人的优缺点和末端轨迹精度的影响状况,并结合机器人本体的运动学参数,建立了基于随机变量的喷涂机器人运动误差模型。通过试验结果的分析来确定影响喷涂机器人运动误差的随机变量的分布特征,从而对机器人末端轨迹精度的运动可靠性进行更加精确的仿真分析。最后,通过喷涂机器人工作平台对末端轨迹精度的运动误差进行试验验证并与传统的仿真分析方法进行对比,结果显示该分析方法更准确。研究成果为进一步分析喷涂机器人的机构优化、轨迹规划和漆膜质量提供试验基础和理论依据。     

Minimal Realization of Linear Graph Models for Multi-physics Systems

An engineering system may consist of several different types of components,belonging to such physical"domains"as mechanical,electrical,fluid,and thermal.It is t...     

INTEGRAL EQUATION METHOD＇S APPLICATION IN HOLE-EDGE STRESS OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL PLATE WITH DIFFERENT SHAPED HOLES

The strength of composite plate with different hole-shapes is always one of the most important but complicated issues in the application of the composite material. The holes will lead to mutations and discontinuity to the structure. So the hole-edge stress concentration is always a serious phenomenon. And the phenomenon makes the structure strength decrease very quickly to form dangerous weak points. Most partial damage begins from these weak points. According to the complex variable functions theory, the accurate boundary condition of composite plate with different hole-shapes is founded by conformal mapping method to settle the boundary condition problem of complex hole-shapes. Composite plate with commonly hole-shapes in engineering is studied by several complex variable stress fimction. The boundary integral equations are founded based on exact boundary conditions. Then the exact hole-edge stress analytic solution of composite plate with rectangle holes and wing manholes is resolved. Both of offset axis loadings and its influences on the stress concentration coefficient of the hole-edge are discussed. And comparisons of different loads along various offset axis on the hole-edge stress distribution of orthotropic plate with rectangle hole or wing manhole are made. It can be concluded that hole-edge with continuous variable curvatures might help to decrease the stress concentration coefficient; and smaller angle of outer load and fiber can decrease the stress peak value.     

Non-monotonic material contrast in scanning ion and scanning electron images

30 keV Ga⁺ focused ion beam induced secondary electron (iSE) imaging was used to determine the relative contrast between several materials. The iSE signal compared from C, Si, Al, Ti, Cr, Ni, Cu, Mo, Ag, and W metal layers does not decrease with an increase in target atomic number Z₂, and shows a non-monotonic relationship between contrast and Z₂. The non-monotonic relationship is attributed to periodic fluctuations of the stopping power and sputter yield inherent to the ion–solid interactions. In addition, material contrast from electron-induced secondary electron (eSE) and backscattered electron (BSE) images using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also shows non-monotonic contrast as a function of Z₂, following the periodic behavior of the stopping power for electron–solid interactions. A comparison of the iSE and eSE results shows similar relative contrast between the metal layers, and not complementary contrast as conventionally understood. These similarities in the contrast behavior can be attributed to similarities in the periodic and non-monotonic function defined by incident particle–solid interaction theory.     

Short-Term Relay Quality Prediction Algorithm Based on Long and Short-Term Memory

The fraction defective of semi-finished products is predicted to optimize the process of relay production lines, by which production quality and productivity ar...     

End-to-End Multiview Gesture Recognition for Autonomous Car Parking System

The use of hand gestures can be the most intuitive human-machine interaction medium.The early approaches for hand gesture recognition used device-based methods....     

Application of Feature Extraction through Convolution Neural Networks and SVM Classifier for Robust Grading of Apples

This paper proposes a novel grading method of apples,in an automated grading device that uses convolutional neural networks to extract the size,color,texture,an...     

分布动态载荷识别的抗噪处理

针对正交多项式频域法在用多种响应对矩形薄板进行载荷识别中抗噪性较差的问题,综合运用平均法、矩阵预处理和奇异值截断法等方法对之进行改善,并引入空间映射的思想,将该方法的应用范围拓展为复杂的模型.利用仿真算例,证实了该方法具有较好的抗噪性.     

基于MELTAC-N平台的核电厂安全级DCS环网研究与测试

针对工程实践中环网通讯相关问题的处理缺乏理论基础及国产化安全级DCS平台的开发缺乏成熟经验借鉴问题,对基于MELTAC-N平台核电厂安全级DCS环网的软硬件实现进行了研究。提出了安全级DCS环网双环网冗余设计、光切换开关设计等硬件设计方法,以及以RPR协议为基础,采用全数据收发策略的软件设计方法。在CPR1000安全级DCS平台上对安全级DCS环网的可靠性及实时性进行了评价,并进行了容错能力、响应时间及响应时间稳定性测试验证实验。结果表明,基于MELTAC-N平台安全级DCS环网软硬件设计具有较好的容错能力及响应时间稳定性。     

The laboratory simulation of abrasive wear

Abrasive wear has long been recognised as one of the most potentially serious tribological problems facing the operators of many types of plant and machinery; several industrial surveys have indicated that wear by abrasion can be responsible for more than 50% of unscheduled machine and plant stoppages. Locating the operating point of a tribological contact in an appropriate operational ‚map’︁ can provide a useful guide to the likely nature and origins of the surface degradation experienced in use, though care must be exercised in choosing the most suitable parameters for the axes of the plot. Laboratory testing of materials and simulations of machine contacts are carried out for a number of purposes; at one level for the very practical aims of ranking candidate materials or surface hardening treatments in order of their wear resistance, or in an attempt to predict wear lives under field conditions. More fundamentally, tests may be aimed at elucidating the essential physical mechanisms of surface damage and loss, with the longer term aim of building an analytical and predictive model of the wear process itself. In many cases, component surface damage is brought about by the ingress of hard, particulate matter into machine bearing or sealing clearances. These may be running dry although, more usually, a lubricant or service fluid is present at the interface. A number of standardised wear test geometries and procedures have been established for both two- and three-body wear situations, and these are briefly described. Although abrasive wear is often modelled as following an ‚Archard’︁ equation (i.e. a linear increase in material loss with both load and time, and an inverse dependence on specimen hardness) both industrial experience and laboratory tests of particularly lubricated contacts show that this is not always the case: increasing the hardness differential in an abrasively contaminated lubricated pair may not always reduce the rate of damage to the harder surface.     

ANGULAR DISTORTION ALLOWABLE VALUE AND ASSESS METHOD OF WELD ON COKE TOWER

A graph as the new engineering method for estimate the safety of bulging deformation of coke tower is proposed. Through stresses analysis of circumferential weld of coke tower and comparing the stresses produced by pressure with heat stress of steady state, residual stress, bending stress produced by both itself weight and wind loads, it showed that the stresses produced by pressure on the angle distortion are the main factor of equivalent stress of the combined stress. After comparing four kinds of stress controlling conditions, the relation to stress with depth of angular distortion, grade of curvature of angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been inferred. Graph of deformation allowable value of coke tower for different condition by angular distortion and half of region of angular distortion has been plotted. The five steps for its engineering use have been explained. The lighter the grade of curvature is, the larger of bulge allowance, may be, and the bigger of depth of angular distortion may pose too. For the coke tower with a popular structure of Dg 5 400 mm×28 mm, the result by graph is nearly more than the result of two formulas formed by other research, the error is less than 7.0%. But, the graph can be easily applied to different size of angular distortion.