不锈钢螺栓连接中净截面失效的数值分析

不锈钢和碳素钢力学性能不同,但不锈钢连接设计规范只是在碳素钢规范基础上做一些修正。对于净截面承载力,欧洲不锈钢连接规范EN1993-1-4沿用欧洲冷弯碳素钢规范EN1993-1-3及SCI/Inox设计手册中的规定。对不锈钢连接净截面的破坏性能进行研究,建立奥氏体及马氏体不锈钢数值模型,用试验结果进行验证;并利用此模型对影响螺栓连接净截面破坏的主要参数进行研究,包括边缘距离e2和螺栓构造。通过研究不同e2和螺栓布置时净截面的应力分布,可发现不锈钢具有足够韧性,保证断裂前内力重分布。因此,提出基于EN1993-1-3的净截面承载力修正公式,并通过静力分析验证其可靠性。     

不锈钢螺栓连接节点的破坏研究

尽管不锈钢与碳素钢的机械性能有显著的不同,但是现有规范关于不锈钢连接节点的设计规定都基于碳素钢的设计准则。对于不锈钢螺栓连接节点的设计抗力,EN1993-1-4和SCI/EuroInox(美国《科学引文索引》/欧洲不锈钢协会)的不锈钢设计手册基于EN1993-1-8和EN1993-1-3作了一些小修改。研究了厚板和薄板的不锈钢螺栓连接节点的承载性能。提出了一个奥氏体不锈钢和铁素体不锈钢试件的数值分析模型,并证明其正确性。将该模型用于螺栓节点承载力的参数分析,可研究主要变量对其影响。这些参数包括螺栓边距e2,端距e1和板厚t。结果表明,不锈钢螺栓节点的变形性能与碳钢节点存在某种程度的不同。数值模型中最初出现裂纹的部位与试验中观察到的不锈钢节点和碳素钢节点相符,这种相符性被作为定义一种强度失效准则的基础。以参数分析结果为基础的不锈钢螺栓连接节点承载能力极限状态和正常使用极限状态设计法则比现行的EC3法则更加经济和简捷。     

不锈钢结构螺栓连接节点设计方法比较

根据欧洲规范EN 1993-1-4:2006、美国规范ASCE/SEI 8-02、澳大利亚和新西兰规范AS/NZS 4673:2001、日本不锈钢建筑结构设计标准以及中国规范GB 50017-2003对不锈钢结构螺栓连接的设计进行了对比分析,包括连接板的净截面承载力和承压承载力以及螺栓连接的受剪、受拉承载力和剪力拉力联合作用承载力,并对算例计算结果进行了比较.结果表明:欧洲规范设计计算结果较为详尽,日本不锈钢建筑结构设计标准设计规定较为全面,中国规范GB 50017-2003不适合直接用来计算不锈钢结构螺栓连接,需要进行系统的研究.     

不锈钢焊接工字形截面短柱轴压局部稳定性能试验研究

对奥氏体型S30408和双相型S22253两种牌号的15个不锈钢焊接工字形截面短柱开展轴压局部稳定试验研究,考察截面组成板件的局部稳定性能和截面承载力,得出了试件截面的应力-应变关系曲线。研究结果表明：厚实截面的试件承载力高于其截面屈服荷载,试件截面应力-应变关系曲线表现出典型的非线性特性和应变硬化特征;而宽肢薄壁截面的组成板件发生过早的局部屈曲,使得试件承载力不能达到截面的屈服荷载,需要对截面强度进行折减。基于得出的试验结果和现有的其他试验数据,对现有设计方法,包括欧洲规范EN 1993-1-4和美国规范SEI/ASCE 8-02中的有效宽度法以及直接强度法计算得出的截面承载力进行评估,表明根据欧洲规范EN 1993-1-4和直接强度法计算得到的截面承载力偏于保守,而美国规范SEI/ASCE 8-02对宽厚比较大的截面承载力计算偏于不安全,而且计算离散性较大。     

钢结构中铆钉连接的剪切性能试验研究

给出铆钉连接节点的搭接处剪力试验研究结果。试件采用历史悠久的钢结构材料和技术,并考虑尺寸和外形的不同。考虑荷载偏心、净面积变异、板宽和铆钉数量等参数对节点性能的影响。将试验结果与预期剪切强度进行对比,评估EN1993∶1-8条款的可靠性。在评估结果的基础上,提出EN1993∶1-8条款中对于铆钉剪切强度和净截面面积最终强度的设计公式的修改意见。     

考虑相关屈曲的不锈钢箱形柱稳定承载力计算

对不锈钢焊接箱形截面柱的局部-整体相关稳定承载力计算方法进行比较分析,以实现经济合理的截面设计。根据现有的试验数据和得出的大量有限元数值计算结果,对国外现行的不锈钢结构设计标准——欧洲规范EN 1993-1-4、美国规范ASCE 8-02、澳大利亚和新西兰规范AS/NZS 4673,以及GB 50018—2002《冷弯薄壁型钢结构规范》和北美冷成型钢结构规范AISI S100进行比较分析。结果表明:ASCE 8-02、AISI S100和GB 50018高估了构件的相关稳定承载力,而EN 1993-1-4没有充分考虑不同牌号不锈钢材料性能的差异,澳大利亚和新西兰规范AS/NZS 4673对每种牌号的不锈钢单独确定设计曲线时应用较为繁琐。基于EN 1993-1-4的计算公式,针对奥氏体型和双相型两类不锈钢提出了通用的计算修正系数,通过试验数据和有限元数值算例的验证,表明了修正计算系数的准确性和适用性。     

不锈钢端板连接梁柱节点静力承载性能试验研究

为了研究不锈钢端板连接梁柱节点的静力承载性能,对5个不锈钢端板连接梁柱节点和1个普通钢端板连接梁柱节点开展单调静力加载试验,得到了节点试件的弯矩-转角曲线,对比分析了钢材牌号、节点类型和端板有无加劲肋等因素对节点承载性能的影响。结果表明：相同尺寸和构造的不锈钢节点延性优于普通钢节点的延性;不锈钢中柱节点和边柱节点的承载力相差较小,但前者的初始转动刚度较高而后者的变形更大;端板加劲肋的设置显著提高了节点的承载性能。基于得到的试验结果,对中国GB 51022—2015、美国ANSI/AISC 358-16和欧洲EN 1993-1-8中的端板连接节点承载性能计算方法进行评估,3种计算方法均低估了不锈钢端板连接梁柱节点的承载性能。     

不锈钢焊接截面薄腹梁剪切屈曲计算方法

建立精细的有限元模型对不锈钢焊接截面薄腹梁剪切屈曲性能进行数值模拟,并依据试验结果对模型进行验证。基于验证可靠的有限元模型,对构件局部几何初始缺陷、刚性封头肋板、不锈钢材料力学性能等关键参数开展系统分析。结合所得的数值计算结果和现有的试验数据,对我国GB 50017—2017《钢结构设计标准》和EN 1993-1-4+A1《欧洲不锈钢结构设计规范》中的抗剪承载力计算方法进行评估,在此基础上提出了可同时考虑腹板与翼缘的抗剪承载力以及刚性封头肋板等因素影响的承载力计算式。与试验和有限元计算结果比较表明:所建议的计算方法可以更加准确计算不锈钢焊接截面薄腹梁的剪切屈曲承载力。     

索结构中销轴耳板连接破坏形式及承载力研究

销轴耳板连接是索结构节点常用的连接形式,然而现阶段针对销轴耳板连接的破坏性试验研究相对较少,其破坏机理尚未明确。为探究销轴耳板连接的破坏形式和承载力,设计7个销孔直径为45 mm,端距与边距比值不同的足尺销轴耳板连接试件,并进行拉力破坏性试验。采用有限元软件ABAQUS对其受力性能进行数值模拟,模拟得到的破坏形式与承载力同试验结果基本一致,验证了有限元方法的正确性。基于有限元模型对销轴耳板连接进行参数化分析,研究销孔直径(93、136 mm)、耳板端距(0.5～4倍销孔直径)、耳板边距(0.5～1.5倍销孔直径)等参数对销轴耳板连接破坏形式和承载力的影响,结果表明耳板端距和边距是影响销轴耳板连接破坏形式和承载力的主要因素。通过理论推导和线性拟合的方法得到了孔壁承压破坏、净截面拉断破坏、端部截面剪切破坏下的承载力计算式。通过算例对比分析提出的设计方法与我国GB 50017—2017《钢结构设计标准》、欧洲BS EN 1993-1-8、美国AISC 360-10在相同设计荷载下设计销轴耳板连接时尺寸的差异,并对我国GB 50017—2017《钢结构设计标准》的改进和完善提出相关建议。     

Study on failure pattern and bearing capacity of pin-plate connection in cable structures

销轴耳板连接是索结构节点常用的连接形式，然而现阶段针对销轴耳板连接的破坏性试验研究相对较少，其破坏机理尚未明确。为探究销轴耳板连接的破坏形式和承载力，设计7个销孔直径为45 mm，端距与边距比值不同的足尺销轴耳板连接试件，并进行拉力破坏性试验。采用有限元软件ABAQUS对其受力性能进行数值模拟，模拟得到的破坏形式与承载力同试验结果基本一致，验证了有限元方法的正确性。基于有限元模型对销轴耳板连接进行参数化分析，研究销孔直径(93、136 mm)、耳板端距(0.5~4倍销孔直径)、耳板边距(0.5~1.5倍销孔直径）等参数对销轴耳板连接破坏形式和承载力的影响，结果表明耳板端距和边距是影响销轴耳板连接破坏形式和承载力的主要因素。通过理论推导和线性拟合的方法得到了孔壁承压破坏、净截面拉断破坏、端部截面剪切破坏下的承载力计算式。通过算例对比分析提出的设计方法与我国GB 50017—2017《钢结构设计标准》、欧洲BS EN 1993-1-8、美国AISC 360-10在相同设计荷载下设计销轴耳板连接时尺寸的差异，并对我国GB 50017—2017《钢结构设计标准》的改进和完善提出相关建议。     

Numerical investigation of net section failure in stainless steel bolted connections

Despite fundamental differences in the mechanical behaviour of stainless steel and carbon steel, design provisions for stainless steel connections in current standards essentially follow the rules for carbon steel with some limited modifications. For the case of net section capacity, the design rules from EN 1993-1-3 for cold-formed carbon steel have been adopted for stainless steel connections in EN 1993-1-4 and the SCI/Euro Inox Design Manual without any modification. In this paper, an investigation into the behaviour of stainless steel connections failing by net section rupture has been conducted. Numerical models for austenitic and ferritic stainless steel have been developed and validated against existing test results. The validated models were subsequently used to perform parametric studies to investigate the main parameters affecting the net section rupture of bolted connections; these include edge distance e₂ and bolt configuration. By studying the stress distribution along the net section for different edge distances and bolt arrangements, it was found that the ductility of stainless steel is sufficient to ensure extensive redistribution of stresses prior to fracture. Hence, a revised design equation (based on that given in EN 1993-1-3) for net section capacity of stainless steel connections has been proposed and its reliability demonstrated by means of statistical analysis.     

Bearing failure in stainless steel bolted connections

Although the mechanical behaviour of stainless steel and carbon steel differs significantly, design provisions for stainless steel connections in current standards are essentially based on the rules for carbon steel. For bolted connections, the design resistances in EN 1993-1-4 and the SCI/Euro Inox Design Manual for Structural Stainless Steel are based on those in EN 1993-1-8 and EN 1993-1-3 with only some minor modifications. In this paper, an investigation into the bearing behaviour of stainless steel connections between both thick and thin plates has been conducted. Numerical models for previously tested specimens in austenitic and ferritic stainless steel have been developed and validated. The validated models were then used to perform parametric studies to investigate the key variables affecting the bearing failure of bolted connections; these include edge distance e₂, end distance e₁ and plate thickness t. The investigation showed the deformation behaviour of stainless steel connections to be somewhat different from that of carbon steel connections, with stainless steel exhibiting pronounced strain hardening. However, the locations of fracture initiation obtained from the numerical models matched those observed during experimental studies of both carbon steel and stainless steel connections and this feature has been used as the basis for defining a consistent, strength based criterion of failure. The results of the parametric studies have been utilised as the basis for design provisions for bearing failure in stainless steel bolted connections that cover both the ultimate and the serviceability limit states and which are both more economic and more straightforward than the present EC3 provisions.     

Prediction of the tensile capacity of cold formed angles experiencing shear lag

The present study deals with the shear lag phenomenon in cold formed angles under tension, which are connected on one leg. A new expression for shear lag factor which represents the net section reduction coefficient has been suggested in the present paper. The proposed expression based on the regression analysis of 108 experimental results reported in the literature is validated by experiments involving net section failure in angles under tension. Totally 18 experiments were carried out on single angles fastened with bolts to the gusset plates under tension loaded upto net section rupture mode of failure. The experimental test parameters considered are number of bolts, pitch and shear lag distances and ratio of connected leg length to unconnected leg length. The tensile capacities are evaluated by various specifications such as AS/NZS:4600:2005, NAS:2001, AISC:2005, BS:5950-Part5:1998, IS:800-2007 and the proposed equation. A comparative study of tensile capacities predicted based on various codes and the experiment results is presented in this paper. For the tested range of specimens, both NAS:2001 and AISC:2005 standards over-predicted the capacities for all the specimens. The IS:800-2007 and AS/NZS 4600:2005 predictions are good for the specimens with three bolted connections and unconservative in the case of specimen with two bolts. Both BS:5950-Part-5:1998 and the proposed equation for IS:801 predict good estimate of the tensile capacity of cold formed angle members. The proposed equation for cold formed steel tension members, which is in the same format of IS:800 (2007) (Indian code for Hot rolled steel design), has been demonstrated to be good.     

Design of screwed steel sheeting connection at ambient and elevated temperatures

Cold-formed profiled steel roof sheeting can be directly connected to the top chord of a steel roof truss through self-tapping screws. At ambient temperatures, neither EN 1993-1-8 nor EN 1993-1-3 can be used directly for this type of connection. Besides, no design rules are available in EN 1993-1-2 for designing screwed connections in fire. A 3D Finite Element (FE) model for a single-lap shear screwed connection is developed using ABAQUS software. After the validation by tests, the model is used to predict the ultimate resistance of connections at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Further, the effects of edge and end distances on the connection resistance are investigated. Based on the analyses results, revised design equations for predicting the connection resistance are proposed. The design resistance is calibrated by testing and FE analyses results according to the procedure given in EN 1990 and the partial safety factor is derived.     

常温和高温下钢板螺栓连接的设计

通过自攻螺钉可以将冷弯压型钢板与钢屋架的上弦杆直接连接。常温下,无论是EN1993-1-8规范还是EN1993-1-3规范都可以直接作为此类连接的设计规范。此外,在EN1993-1-2规范中,没有针对火灾中螺栓连接的设计条文。利用ABAQUS软件,建立了一个单剪螺栓连接的三维有限元模型。通过试验证实此模型的有效性之后,采用该模型计算常温和高温下螺栓连接的极限承载力。并且,分析了边缘效应和末端距离对连接承载力的影响。根据EN1990规范,考虑了分项系数,在试验和有限元分析结果的基础上,确定承载力设计值。     

Design of screwed steel sheeting connection at ambient and elevated temperatures

Cold-formed profiled steel roof sheeting can be directly connected to the top chord of a steel roof truss through self-tapping screws. At ambient temperatures, neither EN 1993-1-8 nor EN 1993-1-3 can be used directly for this type of connection. Besides, no design rules are available in EN 1993-1-2 for designing screwed connections in fire. A 3D Finite Element (FE) model for a single-lap shear screwed connection is developed using ABAQUS software. After the validation by tests, the model is used to predict the ultimate resistance of connections at both ambient and elevated temperatures. Further, the effects of edge and end distances on the connection resistance are investigated. Based on the analyses results, revised design equations for predicting the connection resistance are proposed. The design resistance is calibrated by testing and FE analyses results according to the procedure given in EN 1990 and the partial safety factor is derived.     

Interaction of bending and axial compression of stainless steel members

The paper deals with the buckling behaviour of stainless steel members with the main focus on developing design formulae for use in the latest version of the European Standard EN 1993-1-4: Eurocode 3-Design of steel structures-Part 1-4: General rules — Supplementary rules for stainless steel. Brussels; 2005.It is based on numerical simulations of single span members of various section type, which are subjected to axial compression and bending. Both flexural buckling and lateral-torsional buckling are dealt with so that the buckling behaviour of both I-sections and hollow sections can be covered.On the basis of these numerical results interaction factors have been derived in context with the design model for member design in Eurocode 3-1-1. For statistical evaluation the test results available from other authors have been used.The outcome of this investigation has been incorporated in the present EN 1993-1-4 as a recommendation in restricted form.     

Numerical simulation of gusset plate connections with rectangular hollow section shape brace under quasi-static cyclic loading

In concentrically braced frames, gusset plate connections to rectangular hollow section braces are fabricated using welds to connect the gusset plate to both brace and flanges of the beam and of the column framing into the brace. The beam-to-column connection at the gusset plate is either welded or bolted. However, past experimental studies have indicated that undesirable failure modes could occur in the gusset plate even when using a linear clearance rule in the design of the gusset plate, especially when connecting hollow rectangular shapes.For these reasons, this study investigates through numerical analyses the local seismic performance of gusset plate connections with fully restrained beam-to-column connections as well as partially-restrained bolted connections. The latter are provided at the outside corner of the gusset plate, away from the face of the column, in order to facilitate the beam rotation at the bolted connection upon continued lateral deformation. The main goal of the study of the local performance of gusset plate connections is to validate the design procedure presented in this paper; to compare the various clearance rules proposed in the literature and to propose an alternative clearance rule to the linear clearance rule.The local performance is examined through detailed finite element models of a braced bay located at the ground floor of a four storey concentrically braced frame using the MIDAS finite element program. Finally, local performance of the models is compared in terms of strain concentrations in gusset plates, beams and columns.