Simplified modeling and generalized predictive position control of an ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors (USM's) possess heavy nonlinear and load dependent characteristics such as dead-zone and saturation reverse effects, which vary with driving conditions. In this paper, behavior of an ultrasonic motor is modeled using Hammerstein model structure and experimental measurements. Also, model predictive controllers are designed to obtain precise USM position control. Simulation results indicate improved performance of the motor for both set point tracking and disturbance rejection.     

Principle and experimental verification of novel dual driving face rotary ultrasonic motor

Existing rotary ultrasonic motors operating in extreme environments cannot meet the requirements of good environmental adaptability and compact structure at same time,and existing ultrasonic motors with Langevin transducers show better environmental adaptability,but size of these motors are usually big due to the radial arrangement of the Langevin transducers.A novel dual driving face rotary ultrasonic motor is proposed,and its working principle is experimentally verified.The working principle of the novel ultrasonic motor is firstly proposed.The 5th in-plane flexural vibration travelling wave,excited by the Langevin transducers around the stator ring,is used to drive the rotors.Then the finite element method is used in the determination of dimensions of the prototype motor,and the confirmation of its working principle.After that,a laser Doppler vibrometer system is used for measuring the resonance frequency and vibration amplitude of the stator.At last,output characteristics of the prototype motor are measured,environmental adaptability is tested and performance for driving a metal ball is also investigated.At room temperature and 200 V(zero to peak) driving voltage,the motor’s no-load speed is 80 r/min,the stalling torque is 0.35 N·m and the maximum output power is 0.85 W.The response time of this motor is 0.96 ms at the room temperature,and it decreases or increases little in cold environment.A metal ball driven by the motor can rotate at 210 r/min with the driving voltage 300 V(zero to peak).Results indicate that the prototype motor has a large output torque and good environmental adaptability.A rotary ultrasonic motor owning compact structure and good environmental adaptability is proposed,and lays the foundations of ultrasonic motors’ applications in extreme environments.     

新型惯性式直线超声压电电机的运动机理及实验研究

提出了一种新型惯性式直线超声压电电机.该电机利用压电晶体的逆压电效应和惯性位移原理,由定子的轴向变形,通过摩擦力的作用,以惯性位移的形式传递运动.它由两部分组成,定子由具有位移放大功能的压电复合换能器和轴组成,动子为一带有缺口和环形凹槽的环.分析了该电机的工作原理,并通过仿真和实验相结合的方法分析了两种激励方式对电机性能的影响.实验结果表明:样机采用方波驱动比采用锯齿波驱动的效果好;在采用方波驱动信号驱动时,样机的最大空载速度可达到11 mm/s,最大输出力达到0.5 N.     

基于旋转型超声电动机的电控坐标平台

研究旋转型超声电动机在线性坐标平台和旋转坐标转台中的应用技术。介绍所研制的TRUM45旋转型超声电动机的工作原理及其优点。介绍基于旋转型超声电动机的线性坐标平台和旋转坐标转台系统组成及其控制方式。由于旋转型超声电动机具有单位体积出力大、可断电自锁等优点,基于旋转型超声电动机的线性坐标平台和旋转坐标转台,可以弥补传统精密坐标平台和目前基于直线型超声电动机的坐标平台之不足,具有广阔的应用前景。     

基于UCC3895的行波型超声波电机驱动器设计

以往的基于非智能芯片的超声波电机驱动器往往存在电路复杂,调相困难等不足,因而限制了其使用范围。针对这一问题,首先简要介绍了行波型超声波电机驱动电路基本原理和性能要求;在比较以往驱动器优缺点的基础上提出了一种基于UUC3895的多功能可调节的行波型超声波电机驱动器,该驱动器基于BiCMOS相移谐振脉宽调制（PWM）控制原理,具有调频、调压和调相功能,并可扩展外部控制器;最后,给出了实验数据与波形图。实验结果验证了该设计的可行性。     

一种新型力矩马达的建模研究

为了更好地控制电-气阀门定位器,根据力矩马达的动作原理,采用机理分析的方法,分析了新型力矩马达的输出力矩与磁通的关系和输入电压与磁通的关系;在此基础上分别建立了该新型力矩马达的磁路模型和电路模型;最后,建立了力矩马达可动铁片的转角与输入电压之间的传递函数。通过实验图和仿真图的对比,实验验证了模型的正确性。     

超声电动机测试系统的研究

超声电动机技术参数的测量对其研究有重大意义,分析目前超声电动机测量的研究现状和存在问题,提出一种基于LabVIEW的测试系统构架,将是未来超声电动机测试技术发展的一个趋势和方向.     

Influence from humidity on the alumina friction drive system of an ultrasonic motor

Miniaturized ultrasonic motors, based on piezoelectric movement, are rapidly developing and the number of commercial applications is steadily growing. The details of the friction drive system of these motors still need systematic studies to fully utilize the potential of the technique. The friction drive system transfers the high frequency oscillatory movement from the stator to a drive rail. The friction force should be maximized and stabilized to achieve the best motor performance, while maintaining a low wear rate.The mating parts of a friction drive system typically consist of alumina which is selected due to its relatively low wear rate and relatively high coefficient of friction. With increasing relative humidity, the friction coefficients of alumina ceramics generally decrease.This work examines how water and humidity affect a friction drive system with respect to coefficient of friction and wear of the mating surfaces. Ball-on-disc experiments were used to evaluate the tribological properties. The worn surfaces were studied by scanning electron microscopy.The coefficient of friction was found to be relatively low but stable with water on the surface but higher and more fluctuating in dryer conditions. The character of the worn surfaces did not clearly correlate to the friction behaviour.     

行波型超声波电动机的模型研究

基于功能转换与守恒原理,根据行波型超声波电动机的特殊结构,借助于行波型超声波电动机定子环表面 的作用力、定子环的波动速度、定子环的机械损耗和定子环对转子环的推动力,按照两种不同的转子材料,从行 波型超声波电动机的物理机理出发,分析和推导了在两种不同的运动状况下转子环存在的功率损耗和转子环的输 出转矩,从而建立了行波型超声波电动机的转矩平衡方程,为行波型超声波电动机的控制提供了实用的数学模型。     

Study on self-tuning pole assignment speed control of an ultrasonic motor

Ultrasonic motors have a heavy nonlinearity, which varies with driving conditions. The nonlinearity is a problem as an accurate motion actuator for industrial applications and it is important to eliminate the nonlinearity in order to improve the control performance. In general, complicated control strategies are used to deal with the nonlinearity of ultrasonic motors. This paper proposes a new speed control scheme for ultrasonic motors to overcome the nonlinearity employing a simplified self-tuning control. The speed control model which can reflect the main nonlinear characteristics is obtained using a system identification method based on the step response. Then, a pole assignment speed controller is designed. To avoid the influence of the motor’s nonlinearity on the speed control performance, a control parameters’ on-line self-tuning strategy utilizing the gain of the model is designed. The proposed control strategy is realized using a DSP circuit, and experiments prove the validity of the proposed speed control scheme.     

超声电机宽温域低损耗压电与摩擦功能材料

为了提高超声电机的环境适应性与能量转换效率,本文分析并制造了宽温域低损耗的新型压电材料与摩擦功能材料,提出了通过相结构调控、增加第三组元、引入偶极子缺陷钉扎畴壁等手段制备宽温域低损耗压电陶瓷材料的设计与制造方法;为了提高超声电机摩擦界面能量传递效率及环境适应性,设计了具有高摩擦系数、低磨损率且耐高温的聚酰亚胺复合材料。结果表明,与传统材料相比,新型压电陶瓷材料具有低介电损耗、高机械品质因数及高温度稳定性的优势,使超声电机的能量转换效率提高3.3%,而新型聚酰亚胺基摩擦材料在摩擦系数、耐磨性以及温度范围等指标上均有明显提高,使电机的最大效率提高了6.19%。综合两种新型材料后,超声电机的最大效率提升了13.6%,可靠工作温度从-40~70℃提升至-60~120℃。本文提出的压电与摩擦功能材料既增强了超声电机的环境适应性,也改善了电机输出性能,对超声电机在航空航天等高端装备中的应用具有重要的意义。     

超声波电机在三维微细电火花加工中的应用

论述了三维微细电火花加工系统的发展前景,搭建了一台微细电火花加工系统的原型样机.在该系统中,使用超声波电机做驱动装置,为微细电火花加工构造了可实现纳米级微量进给的运动平台,并进行了初步的平台定位精度检测.实验结果证明系统运行良好,运动平台能够达到很高的定位精度.课题在设计实用的精密微量进给机构的电机选择上,探索了新的方法.     

Frequency characteristics of non-contact ultrasonic motor with motion error correction

The purpose of this research is to achieve real time motion error correction of the rotor in a non-contact ultrasonic motor (non-contact USM). The rotor is installed in a cylindrical stator with a small gap and designed so that it has a resonant frequency of 22.2 kHz, the 8th flexural mode of vibration. The multi-layered piezoelectric actuators excite the flexural wave traveling in the circumference direction. The ultrasonic vibration produces a sound field that levitates the rotor, and the traveling wave induces a near-boundary streaming to rotate the rotor by viscous force. In this paper, we describe an experimental test of the performance of a non-contact USM. When the flexural vibration amplitude was 0.3 μm, the rotational speed was 4 rpm. The rotational speed and starting torque was proportional to the vibration amplitude. The starting performance to attain rotational speed had a time constant of 2 s for several different amplitudes hence the rotational torque is independent of the rotational speed and the resistance force on the rotor is governed by viscosity. In addition, the non-contact USM has the capability of contact-free micro positioning of the rotor by controlling the deformation of the piezoelectric actuators. The PI controller was constructed to correct the detected motion error of the rotor in the radial direction. As a consequence, a motion error of 0.8 μm for one rotor revolution was reduced to 0.1 μm.     

长环形驻波直线超声电机振子有限元分析

提出了一种长环形直线驻波超声电机振子,并对该超声电机振子进行了研究。利用有限元分析软件对振子的工作模态进行了分析,阐述了振子的工作原理。对支撑结构、影响振子振动模态固有频率的主要结构参数,进行了数值分析,确定了振子的结构形式。振子与支撑结构采用柔性铰链连接,利用第18阶正交的两个面内弯曲模态工作,实现了电机振子双接触面驱动、正反两个方向运动。证明了该类振子利用面内弯曲振动模态可以实现双面驱动、正反双向直线运动。为环型驻波直线超声电机的设计提供了理论参考。     

运用PWM技术对直流电机转速的控制

设计了一种通过控制直流电机端电压的方法来控制直流电机转速的装置。并对UPS电源、PWM的驱动电路、单片机产生PWM波形的原理及其电源电路、PWM驱动电路进行了介绍,给出了电源的电路图、驱动电路的电路图和单片机产生PWM波形的程序。在调试结束后,经测试,电源、驱动电路、PWM波形达到了预期的指标,并成功进行了调速实验。     

Neuro-fuzzy speed control of traveling-wave type ultrasonic motor drive using frequency and phase modulation

This paper presents a Fuzzy Neural Network (FNN) control system for a traveling-wave ultrasonic motor (TWUSM) driven by a dual mode modulation non-resonant driving circuit. First, the motor configuration and the proposed driving circuit of a TWUSM are introduced. To drive a TWUSM effectively, a novel driving circuit, that simultaneously employs both the driving frequency and phase modulation control scheme, is proposed to provide two-phase balance voltage for a TWUSM. Since the dynamic characteristics and motor parameters of the TWUSM are highly nonlinear and time-varying, a FNN control system is therefore investigated to achieve high-precision speed control. The proposed FNN control system incorporates neuro-fuzzy control and the driving frequency and phase modulation to solve the problem of nonlinearities and variations. The proposed control system is digitally implemented by a low-cost digital signal processor based microcontroller, hence reducing the system hardware size and cost. The effectiveness of the proposed driving circuit and control system is verified with hardware experiments under the occurrence of uncertainties. In addition, the advantages of the proposed control scheme are indicated in comparison with a conventional proportional-integral control system.     

基于L297的两相步进电机驱动器

L297是一种适用于两相步进电机控制的专用芯片。利用L297芯片设计了一种两相步进电机驱动器,给出了该驱动器的驱动电路,并分析了其驱动特性。该驱动器可实现全步、半步控制驱动,具有大功率、斩波驱动、恒力矩、高可靠性等优点,可用于较大功率的机电设备中。     

Output characteristics and experiments of a novel low frequency rotary piezoelectric motor

In order to improve the output performance of a piezoelectric motor under low driving frequency, a novel rotary piezoelectric motor driven by two piezoelectric actuators is proposed that is actuated based on harmonic and friction driving mechanism. The motor uses two piezoelectric actuators to drive two amplifying mechanisms with π/2 phase difference to produce harmonic motion, and then drives the rotor to rotate through friction force. Based on the driving principle, the electromechanical coupling equations of the motor are established. And a test platform is built to test the output characteristics of the motor. The results show that fluctuation of harmonic force and output torque occurs when the motor operates at different positions. Under the driving voltage and frequency of 150 V and 5 Hz, the actual average output torque of the prototype is 3.08 Nmm. Moreover, fluctuation of harmonic force and output torque occurs when the motor operates at different positions.

     

基于电动机电流和EEMD的伺服旋转轴故障诊断技术研究

提出了一种基于交流伺服电动机电流和EEMD的伺服旋转轴故障诊断方法,研究了电动机电流测试原理,建立电流信息与故障的关联模型,提出了不同的电动机电流获取策略和电动机电流信息的位置及时间表达方法;并针对伺服旋转轴的运行特性,建立了典型的伺服旋转轴机械传动结构动力学模型,深入分析了采用EEMD对伺服旋转轴进行故障诊断的原理。试验结果表明:交流伺服电动机电流信息和EEMD方法用于伺服旋转轴机械传动部件故障诊断的可行性和有效性,从而为其在线监测和故障快速溯源,提供技术支撑。