An accurate and economical approach for induction motor field efficiency estimation using bacterial foraging algorithm

As the demand of electrical energy increases, it is vital to replace inefficient motors with new energy efficient ones. The first step towards achieving this goal is to estimate the existing motors efficiencies accurately to determine how much energy saving will be achieved by using energy efficient motors. This paper proposes an economical and accurate approach for motor field efficiency estimation using bacterial foraging algorithm. The approach relies on the measurement of the stator current, stator voltage, input power, stator resistance and rotor speed of the motor without conducting no-load and locked-rotor tests. The BF algorithm is used to determine the equivalent circuit parameters of the motor. The efficiency is then estimated using these parameters. The advantages of the proposed method over the existing methods are simple procedure, efficiency can be estimated accurately without conducting any invasive tests and inexpensive. The approach has been tested on a 5 HP motor and the results are compared with particle swarm optimization method, immune algorithm method, torque gauge method, equivalent circuit method, slip method, current method and segregated loss method. The results demonstrate that the proposed approach can accurately estimate the field efficiency of motor. Accordingly, it is suitable for conducting energy audits and management of the motor.     

Validation of thermal and electrical model for induction motors using fiber Bragg gratings

This works presents the simulation and validation of the thermal, electrical and mechanical models of a three-phase induction motor (TIM). Fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are used to measure stator temperature and validate the thermal model. The knowledge of the relationship between losses and temperature variation in the TIM makes a simulation of the motor possible. To determine losses in the TIM an equivalent electrical circuit in arbitrary reference frame is used, which combines a traditional model with the more usual modeling of losses in the stator iron. The thermal study of the motor is performed using an equivalent thermal circuit formed by thermal capacitances and thermal conductivities that are separately considered for the stator and rotor. The losses calculated with the electrical and mechanical models are the input parameters for the thermal model. The simulation of the electrical model produces an error of approximately 4.2% when determining the Joule effect losses in the motor when compared to the experimentally obtained results. The simulation of the mechanical model presents an error of 0.2% for the losses due to friction and ventilation. The stator and rotor temperature, obtained with the thermal model, presented a high correlation with the measured values. The thermal model presents a maximum error of 0.75 °C when one compares them to the average experimental values of temperature in the stator during the temperature transient behavior. When the temperature in the stator reaches steady state, the experimental and simulated results converge to the same values. The use of FBGs to measure temperature in the machine allowed a thermal model to be developed, which also uses the mechanical losses of the machine and is the main contribution of this work.     

Design and determination of stator geometry for axial flux permanent magnet free rod rotor synchronous motor

During designing a new axial flux permanent magnet free rod rotor synchronous motor, it is important to know before hand in which phase the largest angular velocity can occur, what is the ways to reduce the power consumption, how to achieve to increase or decrease the rotation speed by changing the core geometry. Therefore, presenting these preliminary information that are necessary for the design of a free rod rotor synchronous motor to the researchers is the aim of this work. In this respect, this study presents the design and geometrical dimensions of the stator for a new synchronous motor which is an axial flux permanent magnet free rod machine with three, four, five and six phases. This type of motors are an innovative approach especially for the applications used in industrial stirrers. Each type of stator is designed such that it has an appropriate number of phases. The rotating magnetic field over the stator is established by a PIC based microcontroller feeding the interface circuit to the stator wounds. The maximum angular speeds of bar magnet rotors with four different lengths and masses are calculated theoretically and determined experimentally. In addition, the effects of the distance between the rotor and stator, the angular speed of the rotor within the limits of the operation, and the volume of the liquid to be stirred to the power applied are investigated. Furthermore, the effects of the lengths and angular speeds of the bar magnet rotors to the distance between the rotor and stator are determined. In the light of the information obtained and taking into account the power used, the most appropriate parameters and variables such as the stator geometry changing with the phase used, the length of rotor, the distance between the rotor and stator and the angular speeds of rotor are determined.     

有限元法计算异步电机不同转速的等值电路参数

提出一种能够精确计算异步电机等值电路参数及其稳态性能的方法,该方法基于场路耦合的伪静止复数涡流有限元模型,铁芯饱和以及集肤效应直接在场中计及,不须考虑转子的转动,利用不同滑差时的磁场分析结果就能计算相应的等值电路参数,诸如端环,斜槽等三维效应可以通过传统的方法加以考虑。实验结果证明了该方法的有效性。     

定子齿结构TRUM离散化动力学分析方法

基于目前行波型旋转超声电机定转子非线性接触动力学理论研究的复杂性,提出一种简易求解的界面离散化动力学分析方法。首先,着眼于定子齿的离散分布特性,化定转子齿面接触为离散点接触,在定子齿与转子的不同接触状态下,通过引入等效刚度的概念,对定子齿与转子间的轴向作用力进行求解,从而获得定转子的离散等效作用力,确立定转子的相对运动关系;然后,从离散接触点的三维运动特性出发,分析接触过程中的径向和周向摩擦力,从而研究输出机械特性和界面能耗;最后,通过仿真和实验,验证了该方法对接触界面动力学的准确描述。     

鼠笼电机转子断条故障的定子电流信号平方解调分析诊断方法

受基频频谱泄露影响,经典MCSA方法诊断鼠笼电机转子断条故障时的诊断能力严重依赖于电机负载大小。针对这一问题,提出了基于定子电流信号平方解调制分析诊断方法。首先采用硬件方式对定子电流信号作基于平方解调制的信号预处理,以此消除制约诊断能力的基频频谱泄露,继而对解调后的信号作快速傅里叶变换,然后根据频谱中是否存在特征频率成分判断转子断条故障发生与否。在3 k W电机实验平台上对所提出的方法进行实验验证。实验结果表明,即使鼠笼电机在轻载或空载条件下运行时所提出的方法仍然能够诊断出转子断条故障,从而有效提高了诊断能力。     

粘弹性接触层在定子表面的行波超声电动机接触模型

针对摩擦材料粘贴在定子表面的设计问题,假设转子为刚性体,定子表面摩擦材料为粘弹性材料,提出一种新的行波型超声电动机粘弹性接触模型。在建模中,考虑接触层惯性的影响,引入定子接触层的切向和法向等效质量的概念,并修改接触区域的边界条件。应用牛顿力学定律,推导出接触界面的驱动方程。该模型不仅可以模拟分析定子和转子接触区的法向压力和切向速度分布,模拟计算超声电动机的负载特性和传动效率,而且还可以研究定子和转子接触界面参数对超声电动机输出特性的影响。基于所建立的接触模型,利用Matlab方法,模拟分析一种行波超声电动机的负载特性,并与试验结果进行了比较。结果表明,数值计算的电动机负载特性与试验结果基本一致,证实驱动模型的合理性。     

Calculation analysis of thermal loss and temperature field of in-wheel motor in micro-electric vehicle

To improve the efficiency and life of in-wheel motor in micro-electric vehicle, thermal loss and temperature field are calculated and analyzed. The mathematical model of thermal loss and temperature field was established, the equivalent model of stator winding was adequately handled, convection heat transfer coefficients was calculated, and the heat distribution of in-wheel motor was analyzed. Winding copper loss, stator and rotor core loss and eddy current loss of permanent magnet were calculated, which were coupled to the temperature field as the heat sources. This paper effectively simplified and dealt with the inner complex radiating coefficient. Three-dimensional finite element model of temperature field was established, and static and transient state temperatures were simulated and analyzed. Overall temperature of the stator region is higher than that of the rotor region. Temperature of stator iron core is basically accord with the temperature of equivalent insulating film, but both are less than the temperature of equivalent winding. The conformity of the measurement results with the final simulation results shows that three-dimensional finite element method is accurate and feasible to analyze thermal loss and temperature distribution of in-wheel motor, which can afford a theoretical basis to optimize the in-wheel motor.     

Development and Analysis of the Magnetic Circuit on Double-Radial Permanent Magnet and Salient-Pole Electromagnetic Hybrid Excitation Generator for Vehicles

With the improvement of vehicles electrical equipment, the existing silicon rectification generator and permanent magnet generator cannot meet the requirement of the electric power consumption of the modern vehicles electrical equipment. It is di cult to adjust the air gap magnetic field of the permanent magnet generator. Consequently, the output voltage is not stable. The silicon rectifying generator has the problems of low e ciency and high failure rate.In order to solve these problems, a new type of hybrid excitation generator is developed in this paper. The developed hybrid excitation generator has a double-radial permanent magnet, a salient-pole electromagnetic combined rotor,and a fractional slot winding stator, where each rotor pole corresponds to 4.5 stator teeth. The equivalent magnetic circuit diagram of permanent magnet rotor and magnetic rotor is established. Magnetic field finite element analysis(FEA) software is used to conduct the modeling and simulation analysis on double-radial permanent magnet magnetic field, salient-pole electro-magnetic magnetic field and hybrid magnetic field. The magnetic flux density mold value diagram and vector diagram are obtained. The diagrams are used to verify the feasibility of this design. The designed electromagnetic coupling regulator controller can ensure the stable voltage export by changing the magnitude and direction of the excitation current to adjust the size of the air gap magnetic field. Therefore, the problem of output voltage instability in the wide speed range and wide load range of the hybrid excitation generator is solved.     

Experimental investigation of parameters influencing electrostatic motor’s performance with air bearing operation

In this paper, the design and fabrication of a rotational electrostatic motor with air bearing is presented. Electrostatic motors have many advantages such as convenient fabrication and compact size. In this study, the rotor is a Plexiglas disc with 38-mm diameter and 1-mm thickness and stator is a round set of electrodes etched by standard printed circuit board technique. Plexiglas was used in laser disc optical media and has been developed for use in CDs and DVDs. To reduce the friction between the rotor and the stator, an air bearing is used. Also, in this paper, kinetics of the motion, design, and fabrication process of a prototype is described and then some parameters influencing motor operation are experimentally investigated; experimental results show successful motor operation. In addition, high rotational velocity and optimum acceleration are achieved throughout the operation of the motor.     

A new diagnosis of broken rotor bar fault extent in three phase squirrel cage induction motor

This paper proposes a new induction motor broken bar fault extent diagnostic approach under varying load conditions based on wavelet coefficients of stator current in a specific frequency band. In this paper, winding function approach (WFA) is used to develop a mathematical model to provide indication references for parameters under different load levels and different fault cases. It is shown that rise of number of broken bars and load levels increases amplitude of the particular side band components of the stator currents in faulty case. Stator current, rotor speed and torque are used to demonstrate the relationship between these parameters and broken rotor bar severity. An induction motor with 1, 2 and 3 broken bars and the motor with 3 broken bars in experiment at no-load, 50% and 100% load are investigated. A novel criterion is then developed to assess rotor fault severity based on the stator current and the rotor speed. Simulations and experimental results confirm the validity of the proposed approach.     

Development of a spherical motor driven by electro-magnets

This paper presents a spherical motor driven by electro-magnets that can rotate omnidirectionally with some degrees of rotation angle error independent of rotation direction. The spherical motor is composed of a spherical rotor, a semi-spherical stator, a control PC, a control circuit, and a DC power supply. The rotor has 92 neodymium magnets. On the other hand, 84 electro-magnets are arranged on the stator. Each electro-magnet can be excited to north or south magnetic pole. The control PC calculates the posture of the rotor after a small time interval and generates the pattern of excitation of electro-magnets in order to rotate the rotor to its calculated posture. The results of the performance of the developed spherical motor show that the maximum torque is 0.24 (N·m), the maximum rotation speed is 2.5 (rad/s), and the average error of rotation angle is several degrees.     

小型力矩电机波动力矩的测量

综合考虑现有无刷直流力矩电机波动力矩动静态测量方法的不足,提出了一种精确测量力矩电机波动力矩的方法。分析了力矩电机波动力矩经典测量方法的误差来源,根据力矩电机分体式的结构特点和可以长期堵转的性能特点,提出了采用电机定子相对转子旋转测量波动力矩的方法。在力矩电机转子堵转的状态下,通过外力旋转定子,测量电机堵转力矩的波动值,从而有效减少测量过程中惯性力矩和摩擦力矩引入的误差。根据提出的测量方法搭建了一套波动力矩测量装置,使用蜗轮蜗杆机构实现了定转子的相对旋转,并对测量装置进行了校准实验。实验结果表明,对于量程为0~1Nm的装置,其测量准确度可达0.3%,线性度为0.1%,基本满足无刷直流力矩电机对波动力矩测量的精度要求。     

变速恒频风力发电用交流励磁双馈发电机的研究

描述了变速恒频风力发电用交流励磁双馈发电机的结构特点和运行原理,并通过对该电机基本方程式、等效电路及时空矢量图的分析,导出了电机运行参数(如定、转子电流、有功、无功功率及电磁转矩)的数学表达式,证明了(?)运行性能可表示为转差率、转子励磁电压及与定子电压的相位差角三个变量的函数,为它的应用提供了理论依据。     

一种新型杆式行波型超声电机的研究

以提高新型杆式超声电机转速、负载能力和能量转换效率为目标 ,对电机定子、转子的结构和接触模型进行了研究。以有限元分析计算为基础提出了新的电机定子结构 ,使定子在定子、转子接触面处的振幅加大 ;提出并应用了柔性转子的概念 ,使定子、转子在接触面上的径向相对滑动大为减小。用实验方法对电机机械性能进行了测试和分析 ,得出电机定子 (兰杰文振子 )的预压力以 2 0 0 0N左右为佳 ,定、转子间最佳的预压力 35N。实测工作频率为 38.7kHz时 ,无负载转速为 2 2 5r/min ,堵转力矩为 4 2N·m ,达到了设计要求     

圆柱形三自由度超声电机输出性能的仿真设计

研制了一种基于两个二阶弯振模态和一个一阶纵振模态的圆柱形三自由度超声电机.其定子的长度、直径和质量分别为20 mm,56 mm和130 g;转子直径为25 mm;转子绕X、Y和z-轴的空载转速分别为33、35和66 r·min-1,堵转矩分别为24.8、36.6和30.2 mN·m.根据圆柱形三自由度超声电机的结构和工作原理,建立了它的输出性能仿真数学模型.用有限元方法对定子进行结构动力学分析,得到定子上各驱动点的工作频率和工作振幅,计算驱动点的位移和速度;假设定子和转子是弹性接触的,即定、转子之间的接触点由一系列弹簧相连接,根据定、转子的相对运动和胡克定理,计算出每个接触弹簧的变形和弹性力;计算定、转子之间的摩擦力;进而计算出电机的输出力矩、功率损失和驱动效率.根据所建立的数学模型,用MATLAB软件编制了仿真设计程序,计算出电机的输出性能,并与实验结果进行了比较和分析.实验显示,当输出转矩较小时,仿真结果与实验结果符合良好;随着输出转矩的增加,二者之间的误差逐渐增大,而且实验值小于仿真值.结果表明,实际输出性能的下降是由定、转子之间的打滑造成的.电机输出性能仿真的实现,将为电机的性能预估和优化设计打下理论基础.     

内插式永磁型无轴承电动机悬浮力模型及其关键参数萃取

为计及内插式永磁型无轴承电动机直交轴电感差异对悬浮运行的影响,实现转子凸极效应下的稳定悬浮运行控制,提出一种建立悬浮力精确模型及其关键参数萃取的新方法。该方法从内插式永磁型无轴承电动机运行原理出发,基于磁场能量方法,建立计及转子凸极影响和定、转子定位偏心的磁悬浮力解析模型。针对模型参数是悬浮力控制及电动机悬浮运行的关键,深入分析该模型中关键参数的获取机理,并通过有限元磁场分析方法实现可控悬浮力和单边磁拉力计算中的参数萃取。在此基础上采用所获取的参数建立内插式永磁型无轴承电动机的有效控制策略,悬浮运行的仿真结果验证参数萃取方法的正确性。     

基于S3C2440的平动电机控制方法研究

设计一种新型的平动式啮合电动机。该电机通过四组“E”字和“1”字形铁心组成的定转子间磁阻的变化,将电能转化为机械能。提出了电压的正弦PWM控制方法,证明了该电机结构新颖合理,具有可带载启动、启动快速的特点。     

基于能量等效的行波型超声波电动机解析模型

提出一种基于能量等效的行波型超声波电动机稳态特性分析计算的解析模型.首先通过能量等效原则将压电复合定子环简化成复合等直梁模型,综合考虑压电复合定子的转动惯量和剪切变形的影响,利用铁木辛柯梁振动理论得到电动机定子振动的频率方程和强迫振动稳态解:其次,对电动机定、转子接触面的滑动状况进行分析,利用弹性接触理论确定了定、转子接触面的力传递模型和效率表达式,通过把定、转子接触面的摩擦损耗和转子的输出功率视为定子强迫振动的等效阻尼损失,由此建立电动机的机械特性和输出功率表达式;最后,仿真和试验分析了不同电动机结构和材料参数以及定子预压力、驱动频率和摩擦层厚度等对电动机振动特性和机械特性的影响,试验证明了该模型的有效性和适用范围.     

一种感应电机参数自适应转子磁链观测器的设计

为了解决“感应电机运行过程中由电机参数变化引起的转子磁场定向不准确”的问题,根据龙贝格观测器原理提出了一种新颖的参数自适应转子磁链观测器。首先论述了观测器的设计原理,针对磁链误差无法获得这一问题提出了一种有效的解决方案,引入了新变量,然后根据Lyapunov稳定性原理设计小参数自适应律。最后分别在Matlab和DSP2812平台上对该算法的参数收敛性以及定子电阻误差对观测器的影响进行了验证。仿真和实验结果表明,该方法不但可以对转子磁链加以观测,还可以同时在线调整并辨识转子电阻以及转子时间常数,对定子电阻具有很强的鲁棒性。