基于二维数值模拟的轴流压气机旋转失速研究

通过求解二维可压缩N-S方程,对多级低速轴流压气机的一级进行数值模拟。用定常计算得到了该级在不同转速下的稳态特性曲线,进而得到其喘振线。在该级出口加上节流阀进行瞬态计算,模拟压气机进入旋转失速的过程,重点是失速先兆的发展和内部流场的分析。     

Study on Rotating Stall in Axial Compressor Based on Two-dimensional Numerical Simulation

通过求解二维可压缩N-S方程,对多级低速轴流压气机的一级进行数值模拟.用定常计算得到了该级在不同转速下的稳态特性曲线,进而得到其喘振线.在该级出口加上节流阀进行瞬态计算,模拟压气机进入旋转失速的过程,重点是失速先兆的发展和内部流场的分析.     

不同压降下调节阀流量系数的分析

以理想气体为调节阀的流动介质,通过三维建模软件建立调节阀及其内部流场的模型,并通过ANSYSWorkbench软件对调节阀不同压降和不同开度下的三维流场进行数值模拟,得到调节阀的流动特性参数,并生成调节阀流量特性曲线。对模拟结果进行分析,研究压降对流量特性的影响,获得了调节阀流量特性与压降的关系。     

微小型单座阀阀芯型线的优化设计及试验

理论分析得出单座调节阀等百分比流量特性下行程与流通截面积间的一般关系式，通过几何关系确定出不同开度下的等值面曲线方程、采用包络线法绘制阀芯型线、建立三维模型，通过数值模拟计算阀芯在不同开度下的流通能力，根据计算结果对阀芯型线进行局部优化后试制，用试制阀芯做流量特性试验验证设计符合度。     

基于CFX的离心泵不同叶数对全流场的影响

以IS125-200-250型清水离心泵为例,在仅改变其叶片数的条件下,利用大型三维建模软件Pro/ENGINEER建立了叶轮、蜗壳、进出口的整机流道模型,选用清水为流体介质,基于ANSYS CFX软件,建立相对坐标下的时均连续N-S方程和带有修正系数的RNGκ-ε湍流模型,对该离心泵在不同叶数、不同工况下进行了流动数值计算,对比分析数值模拟结果和性能试验测得的流量-扬程、流量-功率特性曲线,同时预测了泵的水力性能,并与性能试验结果进行了对比分析,结果表明模拟结果与试验结果吻合较理想,满足工程需要。     

调节阀流场CFD数值模拟与流道优化

应用三维建模软件对某一广泛应用的套筒型调节阀内部流场建立模型,通过前处理器生成计算网格,应用CFD软件进行离散求解,得到调节阀内部流场的可视化图形,数值模拟不同开度下流量,得到调节阀的流量特性曲线,并与试验测定的数据进行比较分析。结果表明,模拟值与试验值吻合较好,并对流道进行了结构优化,获得了能耗更低的流道结构。     

不同密度流体介质对离心泵的性能影响

基于FLUENT数值模拟软件,利用有限体积法对雷诺时均Navier-Stokes方程进行离散,选用标准k-ε湍流模型,压力和速度耦合采用SIMPLEC算法,对5种不同密度流体在3种不同工况下分别进行数值计算,由数值计算结果分析得出离心泵内部三维流场随流体介质密度的变化而变化的规律。同时,将5种情况下的预测扬程和效率进行对比分析,得出不同密度流体对离心泵外特性的影响情况。相同流量下,随密度增大,离心泵的轴功率增大。这对于输送不同密度介质时离心泵内流体流动状态的变化以及离心泵性能的变化起到了指导作用。     

基于CFD的离心泵流场数值模拟

为了研究离心泵内部流场的流动规律,验证CFD数值模拟的可靠性,基于CFD技术,应用雷诺时均N-S方程与标准k-ε湍流模型对不同工况下高速离心泵内部的三维湍流流动进行了数值模拟,并对其内部的流动状态进行了分析得到了离心泵内部流场的压力分布规律,外特性试验和CFD模拟下的泵性能曲线。结果表明:出口的压力值是最大的,泵的整体压力随着出口流量不断增大而减小。在相同工况下下,离心泵进口到出口的压力逐渐增大。通过CFD模拟所得结果与实验结果基本吻合,本文中建立的CFD数值模拟的求解模型能可靠的预测出Q5H26型离心泵的水力性能。     

超临界二氧化碳萃取亚麻籽油的研究

采用半连续流程 ,以亚麻籽为原料、超临界CO2 为溶剂萃取亚麻籽油。通过对不同操作压力、温度、时间、CO2 流量条件下萃取曲线平衡段的直线拟和得到亚麻籽油在超临界CO2 中的溶解度 ,并回归了Chrastil方程的参数 ,得到计算亚麻籽油在超临界CO2 中的溶解度的方程。将萃取过程考虑为CO2 通过亚麻籽固定床的模型 ,由Stastova提出的传质方程对不同压力、温度、CO2 流量下的萃取过程进行模拟 ,并分析了传质系数在不同操作条件下的变化     

角式调节阀流量特性的数值模拟及分析

以角式调节阀为研究对象,应用CFD软件对其内部流场进行了三维数值模拟,得到了流量特性曲线、流道内的速度场及压力场分布。通过不同流向时的流动特性对比分析,说明流闭型可相对提高流量系数。     

基于CCV的轴流压缩系统失稳主动控制

压缩机工作时,当负荷降低到一定程度时,会产生剧烈的失稳现象。旋转失速和喘振为轴流压缩系统的两类失稳现象,为其固有特性,传统的防喘振控制虽然能确保压缩机的安全运行,但却缩小了压缩机工作范围,使压缩机不能工作在高性能区域。为了改善防失稳现象的控制效果,首先选取结构简单、控制效果明显的紧连控制阀（CCV）作为主动控制执行机构,并基于轴流压缩系统经典MG模型和非定常理论,建立了包含CCV的动态响应数学模型;然后运用反步递推法(backstepping)设计推导了恒转速和变转速情况下抑制压缩系统失稳现象相应的主动控制律;最后针对压缩机恒转速和变转速下的旋转失速和喘振失稳现象在不同时间施加主动控制以及B参数变化的影响等多种情况进行了仿真实验,验证了CCV主动控制律的有效性以及CCV的执行高效性。     

工业结晶过程的多相流与粒数衡算的CFD耦合求解

考虑不同尺寸的晶体为不同的分散相,通过有限体积法差分不同尺寸组的晶体求解粒数衡算方程,建立了质量衡算与粒数衡算之间的联系,在考虑晶体成核和生长的条件下,建立了稳态结晶过程的粒数衡算方程与多相流方程的耦合求解方法,得到了工业结晶过程的计算流体力学模拟模型。使用商业软件ANSYS CFD,采用该模型对DTB 型工业结晶器中氯化钾-水体系的结晶过程进行了模拟,最终获得不同尺寸晶体的流场和固体含量的分布信息,从而实现结晶过程的仿真模拟。对部分模拟结果与实验值进行了比较,结果表明模拟结果与实验结果吻合较好。     

Theory of polarographic maximum current—I. Conditions for the onset of hydrodynamic instability in a liquid metal electrode system

The maximum current of the first kind, an extraordinary current peak appearing at the rising portion of a current—voltage curve with a liquid metal electrode—liquid electrolyte system, has been analysed in terms of momentum equations for liquid metal and liquid electrolyte, the diffusion equation for active ionic species, and some electrochemical conditions. Consequently, a kinematic theory has been deduced to explain that the maximum current is caused by the intense motion of the liquids near the interface, resulting from longitudinal variations of interfacial tension. It is proposed that the maximum current is a manifestation of electrochemical and hydrodynamical instability, which originates from incessant, small and random disturbance about the surface of the electrode.A linearized mathematical model has been introduced to explain the initial processes of amplifying or decaying small disturbances. The characteristic equation obtained from the mathematical model gives the conditions under which the maximum current occurs; the instability sets in when the slope of the electrocapillary curve is positive for the cathodic deposition process, and negative for the anodic dissolution process.     

基于特征选择的常减压装置模型及在计划优化中的应用

常减压装置将原油切割为不同中间产品,其作为炼油工艺的龙头装置,对炼油过程生产计划排产与效益提升至关重要。通过建立一种高精度且具有良好求解效率的常减压模型,用以求解模型关键指标实沸点（TBP）曲线,即综合考虑切割产品的实沸点（TBP）与原油TBP、流量、温度等变量影响,构建非线性方程组模型来表征输入输出间的关系;利用特征选择方法遴选相关变量（包括进料性质、相邻TBP及其二次项等）,并采用鲸鱼优化算法优化方程组系数。仿真结果表明,该多输出相互关系模型与已有文献工作相比,在兼顾求解效率基础上,常减压装置各蒸馏切割产品TBP曲线预测上有更高的精度,将此模型应用到炼厂计划优化中,与传统的悬摆切割模型对比,优化结果优于传统悬摆切割模型。     

蒸汽在扁平管内逆流流动凝结实验与理论分析

针对火电机组直接空冷凝汽器扁平管内蒸汽凝结换热过程,设计并搭建了水冷扁平管内可视化流动凝结实验台,开展管内凝结换热研究。建立涵盖壁面薄液膜和圆弧段液池的流动凝结分析模型,得到凝结液膜发展相关方程。特别对于壁面液膜双曲型发展方程,考虑其对流特征和物理守恒特性,提出共轭梯度法-牛顿法-模拟退火相结合的稳态求解算法,避免传统非稳态方法的复杂性。可视化实验结果表明,管内汽液两相分层流动,扁平管圆弧底部形成了液池。对应的理论分析结果更加细致地表明,管内凝结换热为分层流型,液池液膜厚度为1 mm量级,壁面液膜相比液池液膜薄很多,因而具有较高的凝结传热系数。分析结果为判断冬季低温环境运行时管内冻结起始位置提供了依据。     

Gas-liquid two-phase flow in serpentine microchannel with different wall wettability

Gas-liquid flow in serpentine microchannel with different surface properties exhibits drastically different flow behavior.With water and air as working fluids,the method of numerical simulation was adopted in this paper based on CLSVOF (coupled level set and volume of fluid method) multiphase model.After verifing the reasonability of the model through experiment,by changing wall properties and Re number (Re ＜ 1500),the influences of contact angle and surface roughness on flow regime and Po number were discussed.Moreover,the difference of pressure drop between curve and straight microchannel was also calculated.Beyond that,the combined effect of curve channel and wall properties on flow resistance was analyzed.This paper finds that wall properties have great influence on gasliquid flow in microchannels not only on flow regime but also flow characteristics.Meanwhile,the pressure drop in curve microchannels is larger than straight.It is more beneficial for fluid flowing when the straight part of microchannel is hydrophilic smooth wall and curve part is hydrophobic with large roughness.     

Flow curve–molecular weight distribution: Is the solution of the inverse problem possible?

Several different theoretical models have been developed relating the flow curve of a polymer melt to its molecular weight distribution (MWD). These models allow calculation of the flow curve if MWD is known beforehand. According to one model the non-Newtonian behavior of a polymer melt is considered as a consequence of the gradual transition of high molecular weight (MW) fractions to the rubbery (non-fluid) state. This model, which gives realistic predictions of the flow curve, can be transformed into the equation for MWD, which appears to be directly related to the flow curve. The derived equation seems to present the exact solution of this inverse problem. Nevertheless, calculation tests show the instability of such a solution. This means that any inevitable experimental error in the flow curve measurements can lead to an unexpected and arbitrary wide divergence of the calculated MWD from the true one. However, if definite preset forms of MWD are used, the MWD width can be determined from the flow curve. This has been confirmed by experiments on different polymers, such as low-density polyethylene (LDPE), polyisoprene (PI), butyl rubber (BR), and polystyrene (PS).     

Numerical simulation and experimental verification of the filling stage in injection molding

The linear low‐density polyethylene melt is described by the modified Cross model, the dependence of melt viscosity on temperature incorporated with the Arrhenius equation, and the Moldflow second‐order model in this investigation. The mass, momentum conservation, and constitutive equations are discretized and solved by using the iterative stabilized fractional step algorithm along with the Crank–Nicolson implicit difference scheme. The energy conservation equation is discretized with the characteristic Galerkin approach. The free surface of molten polymer flow front is tracked by the arbitrary Lagrangian–Eulerian (ALE) method. It is demonstrated that good agreement of the numerical predictions given by the proposed ALE method with the results obtained by the injection short‐shot experiments is achieved in the locations and shape of the melt front. Furthermore, when the melt front completely reaches the wall of the mold cavity, the horizontal velocity distribution of counterflow at the section near the finally filling wall is exhibited in the present simulation. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2012. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

基于CFD模拟的甲烷裂解太阳能管式反应器结构优化

太阳能裂解甲烷具有产物纯度高且环保的优点。对湍流条件下的甲烷高温裂解太阳能管式反应器进行计算流体力学（CFD）模拟,为提高太阳能甲烷裂解反应器的转化率,通过调节反应器结构对流场进行优化。为了更加准确计算太阳能辐射的加热效应,在湍流反应扩散模型中引入碳颗粒的生成和聚集模型,并采用离散坐标（DO）模型进行辐射模型求解。然后,在太阳能管式反应器中引入射流及挡板进行流场调节,并对挡板高度、射流流速及角度进行优化,达到强化反应过程的目的。优化后的反应器中,甲烷转化率可以提高约8%。以反应转化率和代表强化成本的黏性耗散为指标,筛选出不同离散条件下的Pareto最优解,并用支持向量机回归（SVR）算法对离散的Pareto最优解进行插值,得到操作曲线和与之相对应的最优射流角度及流速。