对角CARIMA模型抗扰约束广义预测控制

针对存在输入和输入增量约束的多变量系统,提出了一种基于变权重的对角CARIMA模型抗扰动约束广义预测控制算法。根据对角CARIMA模型中的A和C矩阵为对角形式的特点,将多输入多输出系统分解为多个多输入单输出系统进行预测和控制,简化了控制器的设计,降低了变量之间的耦合性。根据模型预测值与参考轨迹之间的偏差实时调整目标函数中各输出跟踪误差的权重,达到抑制由耦合而造成回路之间扰动的目的。权重调整的基本原则是,每个输出的预测值跟踪参考轨迹的权重由其他输出在同时刻偏离其参考轨迹的误差平方加权和构成。当某个输出偏离其目标值时,其他输出的控制作用相对增强,避免输出之间的相互扰动,达到抑制扰动的目的。同时,分析了系统输入和输入增量约束的表达形式。利用多变量广义预测控制(MGPC)以及提出的扰动抑制方法,分别对Shell重油分馏问题进行了仿真实验,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

对角CARIMA模型抗扰约束广义预测控制

针对存在输入和输入增量约束的多变量系统,提出了一种基于变权重的对角CARIMA模型抗扰动约束广义预测控制算法。根据对角CARIMA模型中的A和C矩阵为对角形式的特点,将多输入多输出系统分解为多个多输入单输出系统进行预测和控制,简化了控制器的设计,降低了变量之间的耦合性。根据模型预测值与参考轨迹之间的偏差实时调整目标函数中各输出跟踪误差的权重,达到抑制由耦合而造成回路之间扰动的目的。权重调整的基本原则是,每个输出的预测值跟踪参考轨迹的权重由其他输出在同时刻偏离其参考轨迹的误差平方加权和构成。当某个输出偏离其目标值时,其他输出的控制作用相对增强,避免输出之间的相互扰动,达到抑制扰动的目的。同时,分析了系统输入和输入增量约束的表达形式。利用多变量广义预测控制（MGPC）以及提出的扰动抑制方法,分别对Shell重油分馏问题进行了仿真实验,仿真结果验证了算法的有效性。     

鲁棒模型预测控制系统的评估基准

在控制系统的性能评估中,基准的设计是个重要问题。将基本设计极限理论推广到模型预测控制系统(MPC),建立性能评估基准。直接考虑多输入多输出系统的频域扰动,建立输出反馈鲁棒模型预测控制器。此控制器仅仅依赖于过程参数,也是令闭环系统达到控制性能极限的基准控制器。建立了用于评估的性能指标,提出基于此基准的性能评估程序,用以评价其他模型预测控制系统的性能。数学算例证实了这一评估程序的有效性。     

基于滑模的多变量广义预测解耦控制

针对多变量控制系统的耦合问题,将广义预测控制和滑模控制结合起来,提出一种基于滑模的多变量广义预测解耦控制方法.首先把m个输入n个输出的多变量耦合系统分解成m个输入单个输出子系统,再通过对子系统输出预测得到滑模切换函数值,求解开环优化求得控制律,最后通过仿真实验表明,该控制方法对多变量耦合系统的控制是正确有效的.     

约束控制偏差处理及其在精馏塔预测控制中的应用

针对约束控制中输出偏差处理方法，一改过去约束区间内输出偏差为0、区间外为e=yap-y的简单处理方法，提出的新方法可以避免在约束边界上跳变（偏差函数连续）、保证测量值尽量往中心给定值靠近。所提偏差处理方法用于精馏塔多变量预测控制的仿真实验，显示出该方法的重要性和对控制结果的影响。输出偏差处理方法已成功应用于乙烯精馏塔多变量预测控制的工程实践中。     

复杂非线性系统的子系统分解方法

利用社区发现算法研究了一种复杂非线性化工系统的子系统分解方法,并进行了分布式模型预测控制设计。引入信息图论的节点表示系统的状态、输入和输出变量,构建非线性过程系统的加权有向图,节点通过加权边连接,加权反映了节点间连接的强度,因而能够同时反映系统内部的连通性和连接强度。利用社区结构发现算法将所有变量分成子系统的群组,使得每个组内的关联比不同组间的相互作用强,从而得到复杂化工过程系统的子系统分解。针对连续搅拌反应釜过程,实施子系统分解,并设计分布式模型预测控制算法,结果表明,所提出的子系统分解方法更能考虑子系统之间的连接权重,得到更有利于分布式模型预测控制的子系统划分,提升系统控制的性能。     

线性规划实现动态优化的模型预测控制策略

为减小模型预测控制算法中动态优化部分的计算复杂度,提出了用线性规划而非二次规划解决模型预测控制动态优化方法。对单输入单输出和多输入多输出模型预测控制的情形,以控制增量、输出增量和偏移变量作为优化变量,建立线性等式约束和不等式约束,并引入线性目标函数,形成线性规划问题。通过加入多种软约束,可改善动态过程的性能指标,达到平稳控制的目的。最后通过一个实例验证了方法的有效性。     

工业串联系统的多约束广义预测控制

针对由一系列环节串联而成且存在多种约束的复杂工业对象,利用过程的中间变量进行预测和反馈,在充分考虑控制量幅值约束、控制增量幅值约束、中间变量幅值约束、输出误差约束以及最终输出幅值约束共同构成的多约束情况下,提出了工业串联系统的多约束广义预测控制算法。仿真结果验证了该算法对多约束串联系统的有效性和较强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于优先级的控制系统性能评估和安全监控系统

控制系统性能监控和评估的研究对保障生产过程安全高效运行具有重要意义。对于一个控制系统,各种监控评估指标的重要性不同却有内在冲突性,例如控制系统的性能"卡边"操作与安全生产有时是矛盾的。因此,提出了优先级性能评估与监控的思想,系统依照优先级序列对各指标进行性能评估,并对事关安全的关键过程变量重点监控;开发了针对MPC多变量控制系统的优先级性能评估与监控系统,并应用于催化裂化反应-再生系统。     

基于加权模糊聚类方法的多模型建模

针对化工过程软测量模型的多样性,提出基于一种加权模糊聚类方法的多模型建模方法。将输入向量与输出的相关性作为加权系数,构建加权模糊聚类算法,对样本空间的输入数据进行聚类,然后用与输入变量对应的子模型进行输出估计,子模型输出作为系统模型的最终输出。该方法能够实现对输入数据更加合理的划分,提高软测量模型的精度。将该方法应用于双酚A生产过程的质量指标软测量建模,仿真结果表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

一种对预测控制系统经济性能评估的实用方法及其工业应用

In this article, an approach for economic performance assessment of model predictive control (MPC) system is presented. The method builds on steady-state economic optimization techniques and uses the linear quadratic Gaussian (LQG) benchmark other than conventional minimum variance control (MVC) to estimate the potential of reduction in variance. The LQG control is a more practical performance benchmark compared to MVC for performance assessment since it considers input variance and output variance, and it thus provides a desired basis for determining the theoretical maximum economic benefit potential arising from variability reduction. Combining the LQG benchmark directly with benefit potential of MPC control system, both the economic benefit and the op-timal operation condition can be obtained by solving the economic optimization problem. The proposed algorithm is illustrated by simulated example as well as application to economic performance assessment of an industrial model predictive control system.     

Enhanced Performance Assessment of Subspace Model‐Based Predictive Controller with Parameters Tuning

This study focuses on performance assessment of model predictive control. An MPC‐achievable benchmark for the unconstrained case is proposed based on closed‐loop subspace identification. Two performance measures can be constructed to evaluate the potential benefit to update the new identified model. Potential benefit by tuning the parameter can be found from trade‐off curves. Effect of constraints imposed on process variables can be evaluated by the installed controller benchmark. The MPC‐achievable benchmark for the constrained case can be estimated via closed‐loop simulation provided that constraints are known. Simulation of an industrial example was done using the proposed method.     

Online machine learning modeling and predictive control of nonlinear systems with scheduled mode transitions

This work develops a model predictive control (MPC) scheme using online learning of recurrent neural network (RNN) models for nonlinear systems switched between multiple operating regions following a prescribed switching schedule. Specifically, an RNN model is initially developed offline to model process dynamics using the historical operational data collected in a small region around a certain steady-state. After the system is switched to another operating region under a Lyapunov-based MPC with suitable constraints to ensure satisfaction of the prescribed switching schedule policy, RNN models are updated using real-time process data to improve closed-loop performance. A generalization error bound is derived for the updated RNN models using the notion of regret, and closed-loop stability results are established for the switched nonlinear system under RNN-based MPC. Finally, a chemical process example with the operation schedule that requires switching between two steady-states is used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed RNN-MPC scheme.     

Machine learning-based predictive control of nonlinear processes. Part I: Theory

This article focuses on the design of model predictive control (MPC) systems for nonlinear processes that utilize an ensemble of recurrent neural network (RNN) models to predict nonlinear dynamics. Specifically, RNN models are initially developed based on a data set generated from extensive open-loop simulations within a desired process operation region to capture process dynamics with a sufficiently small modeling error between the RNN model and the actual nonlinear process model. Subsequently, Lyapunov-based MPC (LMPC) that utilizes RNN models as the prediction model is developed to achieve closed-loop state boundedness and convergence to the origin. Additionally, machine learning ensemble regression modeling tools are employed in the formulation of LMPC to improve prediction accuracy of RNN models and overall closed-loop performance while parallel computing is utilized to reduce computation time. Computational implementation of the method and application to a chemical reactor example is discussed in the second article of this series.     

Iterative learning model predictive control for constrained multivariable control of batch processes

In this paper, we propose a model predictive control (MPC) technique combined with iterative learning control (ILC), called the iterative learning model predictive control (ILMPC), for constrained multivariable control of batch processes. Although the general ILC makes the outputs converge to reference trajectories under model uncertainty, it uses open-loop control within a batch; thus, it cannot reject real-time disturbances. The MPC algorithm shows identical performance for all batches, and it highly depends on model quality because it does not use previous batch information. We integrate the advantages of the two algorithms. The proposed ILMPC formulation is based on general MPC and incorporates an iterative learning function into MPC. Thus, it is easy to handle various issues for which the general MPC is suitable, such as constraints, time-varying systems, disturbances, and stochastic characteristics. Simulation examples are provided to show the effectiveness of the proposed ILMPC.     

Some manifold learning considerations toward explicit model predictive control

Model predictive control (MPC) is a de facto standard control algorithm across the process industries. There remain, however, applications where MPC is impractical because an optimization problem is solved at each time step. We present a link between explicit MPC formulations and manifold learning to enable facilitated prediction of the MPC policy. Our method uses a similarity measure informed by control policies and system state variables, to “learn” an intrinsic parametrization of the MPC controller using a diffusion maps algorithm, which will also discover a low-dimensional control law when it exists as a smooth, nonlinear combination of the state variables. We use function approximation algorithms to project points from state space to the intrinsic space, and from the intrinsic space to policy space. The approach is illustrated first by “learning” the intrinsic variables for MPC control of constrained linear systems, and then by designing controllers for an unstable nonlinear reactor.     

先进控制技术在纯碱生产碳化过程中的应用

纯碱生产装置中的碳化塔既是多相反应器又是多步结晶器,其中包含了吸收、反应、多相流、传热和传质等多种复杂的物理、化学过程。本文以某纯碱厂碳化系统为背景,将模型预测控制软件应用于5组共25座碳化塔中,开发了一个包含上百个被控变量、操纵变量和干扰变量的多变量预测控制器来解决该碳化系统的约束多变量控制问题。工业应用结果表明：模型预测控制软件能够确保碳化系统长期在最佳状态运行,进而降低物料消耗、改善产品质量和节省操作费用,使生产效益得到优化。     

快速增量约束预测控制及在GLCC液位控制中的应用

针对气-液柱状旋流式(GLCC)多相流量计的液位控制问题,提出一种增量多变量模型预测控制(MPC)算法。采用控制增量状态空间模型和阶梯式控制策略,建立约束多变量MPC优化控制问题。为在线计算约束优化问题,引入坐标轮换法和黄金分割法,在线计算控制变量增量值,进而得到预测控制量。最后,以GLCC多相流量计的两输入单输出液位控制模型为例,仿真验证本文算法的有效性。     

基于证据网络的多变量MPC经济性能评估

MPC控制系统作为先进控制策略,已经被广泛地应用于工业生产中。但在实际工业中,MPC控制系统的变量的软约束往往设定得比较保守,使系统无法达到最优经济性能。针对有约束的MPC控制系统,采用二次型经济性能指标函数来评价系统的经济性能,将最优工作点的求解问题转化为一个典型的有约束的线性规划问题。进而根据历史数据和二次型经济性能指标函数所得最优运行结果建立多变量MPC的证据网络模型,通过证据网络的反向推理和决策,得到造成MPC控制系统性能下降的可能原因,并提出改善控制系统性能的策略。最后通过仿真实验,验证了基于证据网络的经济性能评估的有效性。