利用拟合优度检验的NPLSC-DSSS信号伪码盲估计

针对非周期短码扩频长码加扰直扩(NPLSC-DSSS)信号的伪码估计问题,该文首先给出了m序列三阶相关函数(TCF)共同峰理论和NPLSC-DSSS信号TCF估计量的概率函数。其次,利用TCF峰的共轭系特性构建了TCF峰值序列,提出了TCF共同峰检测的二元假设模型和利用拟合优度检验的TCF共同峰精检测算法。同时,为提高伪码估计性能,该文利用正反向TCF三阶相关峰性质和共轭系TCF峰值点累加和递增性质排除大量伪峰。最后通过矩阵斜消法实现长短伪码的盲估计。仿真结果表明,该文方法在低信噪比条件下能够有效估计NPLSC-DSSS信号的伪随机码。     

一种基于与BCH码等价原理的m序列重构算法

该文针对现有m序列特征多项式估计方法在高阶高误码条件下的估计效率不高,精度不够的问题展开研究,通过分析m序列和BCH码的生成原理,得出二者之间的等价关系,进而提出了一种新的m序列特征多项式的估计算法。该算法通过构造与之等价的BCH码,利用其良好的纠错性能,实现高误码条件下的m序列特征多项式的估计,仿真结果表明本算法能较好地解决误码条件下的m序列特征多项式估计问题,运算速度主要适用于通信信号处理中常用20阶以内的m序列分析问题。     

基于可信度累积的伪随机序列多项式估计算法

针对高阶误码条件下伪随机序列多项式估计算法效率不高、容错性能差等问题进行研究,提出一种基于可信度累积的多项式估计算法。该算法结合了基于二元序列迭代的BM算法和改进型Chase算法,利用序列软信息,在BM算法外部构建序列及多项式可信度集合,通过可信度累积实现估计。然后,利用本原多项式的二元域性质,通过缩小累积多项式规模,提高估计精度。仿真结果表明,该算法性能不受制于多项式抽头个数,在误码率为18%的条件下能够完成17阶m序列多项式估计。     

基于逼近噪声子空间的求根时延估计算法

多重信号分类(MUSIC)时延估计算法需要多径数估计,且其特征分解和谱峰搜索的计算复杂度较高。针对此问题,给出了一种基于逼近噪声子空间的求根时延估计算法。该算法利用协方差矩阵逆的高次幂逼近噪声子空间与其自身共轭转置的积,并构造多项式等式,以多项式求根的方式避免谱峰搜索,从而降低了计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,在无需多径数估计和复杂度低于MUSIC算法的条件下,所提算法的性能与MUSIC算法的性能相当,并且逼近克拉美罗界。     

基于半正定松弛的MIMO盲检测

为解决MIMO系统盲检测问题,该文以最大似然序列检测为估计准则,通过推导建立了一种新的半正定松弛(SemiDefinite Relaxation, SDR)求解模型,使得到的松弛解的秩等于发送天线数。为了解决了松弛解秩大于1时估计原始发送序列的难题,该文提出一种特征向量近似法和随机法相结合的方法。通过限定目标函数的取值上限,使算法能够根据目标函数值自适应判断求解发送序列个数,从而减少每次求解的约束个数和SDR的求解次数,分析表明算法的计算复杂度与发送天线数成线性关系。最后,通过仿真表明所提算法能够在与秩1的算法性能保持相当的条件下减少计算时间,并验证了算法计算复杂度与发送天线数成线性关系。     

几种发射分集OFDM系统信道估计方法性能评估

给出了3种基于发射分集的OFDM系统信道估计方法,分别从训练序列对算法的影响、估计准确度、算法复杂度和算法适用性等方面对各自性能作了分析比较,并进行了仿真.分析比较和仿真结果表明,训练序列对3种算法的影响很大,通过训练序列的正交化设计,LS和EM算法可以得到很大程度的简化;EM算法与LS算法估计精度相当,信噪比较大时,多项式模型算法估计精度要远远高于LS和EM算法;总体上来说,多项式模型算法复杂度最高,EM算法复杂度最低.     

一种改进的SC-FDE系统定时同步算法

单载波频域均衡是一类高效的无线传输技术,它能够支持与OFDM相似的数据速率,但是需要精确的定时同步来保障时频转化时的符号对齐。本文针对经典定时同步算法出现相关平台(plateau)以及虚假峰值等问题,提出一种改进的SC-FDE系统定时偏移估计算法。该算法使用一种特殊的训练序列结构,不仅消除了测度函数的相关平台,而且抑制了虚假峰值的出现,提高了估计精度,并降低了计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,改进同步算法在AWGN信道和ETU信道下的性能都优于Schmidl&Cox算法,消除了"平台效应",并且没有Minn算法和Park算法的虚假峰值,具有较高的定时估计精度和较低的计算复杂度。     

一种改进的MIMO-OFDM的信道估计算法

针对频率选择性衰落信道下MIMO—OFDM的系统,基于瑞利衰落信道的模型,利用m序列的自相关性,提出了一种基于m序列做梳状导频的多输入多输出正交频分复用最小二乘算法,该算法可以避免对大矩阵求伪逆,以减少计算复杂度,从而提高了信道估计的计算性能。通过对该算法的误码率性能分析和计算复杂度分析,结果表明,相比传统经典最小二乘算法,所提出信道估计算法在中低信噪比下,有效提高了信道估计性能,适合于在实际应用中实现。     

一种二进制伪随机序列盲识别方法

针对二进制伪随机序列生成多项式盲识别方法存在的需要预先知道生成多项式阶数、算法容错性能较差且复杂度较高的问题。该文提出首先将接收序列按照估计的生成多项式阶数建立分析矩阵,然后利用伽罗华域高斯列消元的方法识别出接收序列生成多项式的阶数,最后根据生成多项式的阶数构造关于生成多项式系数的方程组。为降低算法复杂度,在有限的多项式库中进行匹配搜索,能够满足该方程组的多项式就是接收序列的生成多项式。仿真结果表明,提出的方法能够区分接收序列是m序列、Gold序列或者是其他二进制伪随机序列,并有效识别其各自的生成多项式,且具有较好的容错性能。     

非数据辅助的QAM信号载波频偏估计算法

研究了正交幅度调制（Quadrature Amplitude Modulated ,QAM）信号的非数据辅助载波频率偏移估计算法。针对一些算法主要适用于低阶QAM信号以及计算复杂度较高等问题,提出一种基于加权相位直方图的载波频偏估计算法。该算法通过分析零频偏下的相位概率密度函数与加权相位直方图的关系,采用多级估计方法,对该相位直方图二阶矩的峰值进行测量,从而得到频偏估计值。进一步地,本算法通过联合快速傅里叶变换（Fast Fourier Transform,FFT）算法实现多级估计过程,从而简化计算过程降低计算复杂度。仿真结果表明,信噪比较高时,该算法在无信噪比、星座图以及前导信息等辅助信息条件下同样具有较好的估计性能。      

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks