基于过零检测的流水线型ADC的设计

该文对比传统基于运放结构的MDAC,介绍了基于过零检测电路ZCBC(zero-crossingbased circuit)的MDAC结构。该结构可以实现轨到轨的信号范围,更加适用于深亚微米下流水线型ADC的设计。并采用0.18μm CMOS工艺,设计了一款10bit 10MSPS 1.5bit/级的流水线型ADC。仿真结果表明:在采样频率为10MHz,输入信号频率为1MHz时,SFDR为66.39dB,ENOB为8.57bits,THD为-62.30dB,DNL为1.36LSB,INL为2.24LSB。     

12-bit 200MSPS自校准ADC高速高线性度运放设计

本文设计了适用于12-bit 200MSPS自校准流水线ADC的低增益高速高线性度运放,增益为41dB,带宽6G,建立时间在1.5ns以内,开环非线性约为120LSB,闭环非线性约为1LSB,所有流水线级的运放功耗总和约为366mW。     

一种14位100 MS/s的流水线模数转换器

设计了一种14位100 MS/s的流水线模数转换器(ADC)。采样保持电路与第1级2.5位乘法数模转换器(MDAC1)共享运放,降低了功耗。提出了一种改进的跨导可变双输入开关运放,以满足采样保持和MDAC1对运放的不同要求,并消除记忆效应和级间串扰。ADC后级采用5级1.5位运放共享结构。基于0.18 μm CMOS工艺,ADC核心面积为1.4 mm²。后仿真结果表明,在1.8 V电源电压下,当采样速率为100 MS/s、输入信号频率为46 MHz时,ADC的信噪比(SNR)为82.6 dB,信噪失真比(SNDR)为78.7 dB,无杂散动态范围(SFDR)为84.1 dB,总谐波失真(THD)为-81.0 dB,有效位数(ENOB)达12.78位。ADC整体功耗为116 mW。     

一种10位160 kS/s的循环型模数转换器

提出了一种应用于图像传感器的10位160 kS/s的循环型模数转换器(ADC)。采用1.5位的流水线ADC结构,经过10次循环后,得到10位数字码输出。采用输入端自级联结构的两级运算放大器,提高了运放的增益。采用运放共享技术,实现单转双电路与ADC运放共享,降低了面积和功耗,实现了电平平移。基于0.13 μm CMOS工艺,在3.3 V电源电压和160 kHz采样速率下对ADC进行仿真。后仿真结果表明,该ADC的有效位数为9.45位,SNR为59.1 dB,SFDR为61.26 dB,DNL为±0.625 LSB,INL为±1.5 LSB。     

采用LMS数字校准的13位200MSPS ADC设计

本文设计了无采保电路流水线ADC,并且采用LMS校准技术对ADC前三级3阶和5阶非线性误差进行数字校准。精心设计的运放和开关使MDAC的闭环非线性仅为7LSB左右。仿真结果表示200MSPS采样率的流水线ADC在输入达到83.13M时可以达到77dB的SNDR。     

基于0.13 μm CMOS工艺的14位50 MS/s流水线ADC

设计并实现了一种14位50 MS/s流水线ADC。采用无采保放大器的前端电路和运放共享技术,在达到速度及精度要求的同时降低了功耗。该流水线ADC采用0.13 μm标准CMOS工艺实现,芯片尺寸为2.7 mm×2.1 mm。在电源电压为1.2 V、采样速率为50 MS/s、模拟输入信号频率为28 MHz的条件下进行测试。结果表明,该ADC的功耗为91.2 mW,SFDR为82.39 dBFS,SNR为72.45 dBFS,SNDR为71.13 dB,ENOB为11.52 bit,THD为-81.28 dBc,DNL在±1 LSB以内,INL在±3 LSB以内,品质因子FOM为0.62 pJ/step。     

一种12位100 MS/s流水线ADC的设计

设计了一种12位100 MS/s流水线型模数转换器。采用3.5位/级的无采保前端和运放共享技术以降低功耗;采用首级多位数的结构以降低后级电路的输入参考噪声。采用一种改进型的双输入带电流开关的运放结构,以解决传统运放共享结构所引起的记忆效应和级间串扰问题。在TSMC 90 nm工艺下,采用Cadence Spectre进行仿真验证,当采样时钟频率为100 MS/s,输入信号频率为9.277 34 MHz时,信干噪比(SNDR)为71.58 dB,无杂散动态范围(SFDR)为86.32 dB,电路整体功耗为220.8 mW。     

10 bit 80 Msample/s流水线ADC的电路级设计

实现了0.18μmCMOS模拟工艺、1.8V电源电压下10位分辨率、80MHz采样率的流水线ADC的电路级设计,采用栅压自举的采样开关和增益提升运放保证ADC的精度;采用复位结构的SHC和MDAC消除运放失调电压的影响;采用动态比较器并优化每级电容以降低功耗.当输入信号幅度为1Vpp时,ADC在整个量化范围内无失码,当输入信号频率为39MHz时,可获得71.6dB的无失真动态范围和60.56dB的信噪失真比.     

10位100MSPS 70 mW双通道交织流水线A/D转换器

设计了应用于3G无线通信中频接收机的10位100 MSPS双通道交织流水线A/D转换器,采用0.18μm CMOS工艺流片.电路工作电压为3.3 V,核心部分功耗不超过70 mW.为了减小A/D转换器的功耗,采用两路并行交织结构,并在两个通道间进行运放共享.运放采用套筒式结构,以进一步节省功耗.对于交织结构,如何保证线性度是设计的关键.线性度主要受直流失调失配、增益失配及采样时间失配的限制.分别采用共享运放、提高每个通道的精度,以及全局被动采样(Global Passive Sampling),减小这些失配的影响.除通道间失配外,还分析了传统双采样电路中的输出开关电荷注入以及断开开关电容串扰对线性度的影响.为了保证A/D转换器的线性度,通过修改时序,消除了以上开关的非理想因素.后仿真结果表明,在100 MsPS采样率下,输入信号带宽为47.6 MHz;最差工艺角(ss,120℃)下,杂散无失真动态范围(SFDR)大于70 dB,信杂比(SNDR)大于60 dB.     

一种低功耗14位10MS/s流水线A/D转换器

基于0.6μm BiCMOS工艺,设计了一个低功耗14位10MS/s流水线A/D转换器.采用了去除前端采样保持电路、共享相邻级间的运放、逐级递减和设计高性能低功耗运算放大器等一系列低功耗技术来降低ADC的功耗.为了减小前端采样保持电路去除后引入的孔径误差,采用一种简单的RC时间常数匹配方法.仿真结果表明,当采样频率为10MHz,输入信号为102.5kHz,电源电压为5V时,ADC的信噪失真比(SNDR)、无杂散谐波范围(SFDR)、有效位数(ENOB)和功耗分别为80.17dB、87.94dB、13.02位和55mW.     

SFDR高于100dB的14位欠采样循环模数转换器

本文为射频标签(RFID)收发机系统设计了一个高线性,14位357 k采样率的欠采样循环模数转换器。为提高模数转换器的精度,设计中采用了有源电容误差平均(PCEA)技术。并且提出了一种改进的PCEA采样网络,可以消除两个流水级之间的串扰影响。为降低模数转换器的功耗和减小面积,设计采用了运放共享技术,并且去除了采样保持放大级。为补偿不完善的版图设计引入的误差,增加了一个附加的数字校准模块。该模数转换器由180 nm CMOS工艺流水完成,面积为0.65 mm  1.6 mm。在确保SFDR不低于90 dB的条件下,该欠采样模数转换器的输入信号频率高达15.5 MHz;在2.431 MHz输入下,峰值SFDR高达106.4 dB.     

An undersampling 14-bit cyclic ADC with over 100-dB SFDR

A high linearity, undersampling 14-bit 357 kSps cyclic analog-to-digital convert (ADC) is designed for a radio frequency identification transceiver system. The passive capacitor error-average (PCEA) technique is adopted for high accuracy. An improved PCEA sampling network, capable of eliminating the crosstalk path of two pipelined stages, is employed. Opamp sharing and the removal of the front-end sample and hold amplifier are utilized for low power dissipation and small chip area. An additional digital calibration block is added to compensate for the error due to defective layout design. The presented ADC is fabricated in a 180 nm CMOS process, occupying 0.65 × 1.6 mm~2.The input of the undersampling ADC achieves 15.5 MHz with more than 90 dB spurious free dynamic range (SFDR),and the peak SFDR is as high as 106.4 dB with 2.431 MHz input.     

全差分增益提高运算放大器的分析与设计

通过增益提高技术,一个全差分增益提高套筒式共源共栅运算放大器被提出和设计。该运算放大器得主运算放大器是由全差分套筒式共源共栅放大器构成,并带有一个开关电容共模反馈电路。而增益提高放大器是由全差分析叠式共源共栅放大器构成,它的共模反馈电路是连续时间反馈电路。该运算放大器采用中芯国际0．35μmixed-signal CMOS工艺设计,运算放大器的直流增益可达到129dB,而单位增益频率为161MHz。     

一个没有采用校准技术的12位分辨率100兆采样率的流水线模数转换器

本文给出了一个基于0.18um CMOS工艺的12bit 100MS/s的流水线ADC。其中第一级采用了3.5比特结构以降低对电容匹配的要求,采样保持放大器、第一级和第二级均采用了自举开关以改善ADC线性度,后级采用级缩减技术节省了功耗和面积。当输入信号频率为15.5MHz、采样率为100MHz时,该ADC达到了79.8dB的SFDR和10.5bit的有效位数。芯片采用1.8V电压供电,包含输出驱动的总功耗为112mW, 芯片面积为3.51mm2 。     

A reconfigurable two-stage cyclic ADC for low-power applications in 3.3 V 0.35 µm CMOS

This article presents a reconfigurable pipeline analog-to-digital converter (ADC) using a two-stage cyclic configuration. The ADC consists of two stages with 1.5 effective bit resolution, two reference circuits for voltage and current biasing, and a clock generator and timing circuit. Throughout the development of this ADC, several techniques were combined for reducing the power consumption as well as for preserving the converter linearity. To reduce the power consumption, the circuit has a single operational trans-conductance amplifier shared by both pipeline stages. To keep conversion linearity, circuits such as the bootstrapped complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transmission gates and a robust comparator topology were implemented. The circuit can be configured to perform conversion between 7 and 15 bit resolutions, and it works with the master clock frequency in the range of 1 kHz to 40 MHz. The circuit has been prototyped in a 3.3 V 0.35 µm CMOS process and consumes 14.1 mW at 40 MHz and 8 MSample/s sampling rate. With this resolution and sampling rate, it achieves 60.1 dB SNR, 56.57 dB SINAD and 9.1 bit ENOB at 0.666 MHz input frequency and 53.6 dB SNR, 52.4 dB SINAD and 8.6 bit ENOB at 3.85 MHz input frequency. The technological FOM obtained was 13.2 A s/m².     

Design procedure for two-stage CMOS opamp with optimum balancing of speed,power and noise

This article presents a basic two-stage CMOS opamp design procedure that provides the circuit designer with a means to establish optimised balancing between speed, power and noise for a given load condition. The proposed design steps allow opamp designers to optimise the power consumption for the given constraints of settling time, accuracy, noise and load. The key factor is to establish the optimum combination of ratios of transconductance of second stage to first stage and load capacitor to compensation capacitor. So, required accuracy and settling time can be established with minimum power consumption. Unlike the earlier reported design procedures, in this article a systematic method is presented to set the quiescent voltages at the transistors of the first and second stages of the opamp. This work will be helpful to select appropriate method of implementation of Miller compensation for given constraints. To verify the viability of the proposed design steps, SPICE simulation results for the proposed procedure are given. Best simulation results obtained on Tanner tool show settling time and power dissipation equal to 320 ns and 188.5 μW, respectively, for 5 pf capacitive load.     

New universal biquad filters using only two unity-gain cells

New current-mode and voltage-mode universal biquad filters are presented using only two unity-gain cells (one current follower and one voltage follower) in each configuration. The proposed filters employ one less follower than in the literature to date. The filters can realize highpass, bandpass, lowpass, notch and allpass responses without any changes in the circuit topology. The circuits enjoy the following advantages: minimum number of active elements, no component-matching condition and low active and passive sensitivities.     

A 12 bit 100 MS/s pipelined analog to digital converter without calibration

A 1.8 V 12 bit 100 MS/s pipelined analog to digital converter(ADC) in a 0.18μm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor process is presented.The first stage adopts a 3.5 bit structure to relax the capacitor matching requirements.A bootstrapped switch and a scaling down technique are used to improve the ADC's linearity and save power dissipation,respectively.With a 15.5 MHz input signal,the ADC achieves 79.8 dB spurious-free dynamic range and 10.5 bit effective number of bits at 100 MS/s.The power consumpt...     

实用集成运算放大器宏模型的研究

本文提出了一个新的通用运算放大器（简称运放）宏模型，它几乎能精确地模拟运放的全部特性，其中的等效输入噪声、温度响应和电源电压抑制比等特性的模拟，则是以前发表的同类模型所不具备的。它不仅可模拟大、中、小信号激励的线性或非线性响应，并且对双极型、双极－场效应管混合型和ＭＯＳ型运放都适用。此外，对输入级电流饱和特性也作了精确地模拟；推导出了其频域分析中的解析表达式。     

嵌套式斩波运放的分析与设计

针对传统的斩波运放具有大残余失调的特点,设计了一个嵌套式斩波运放。基于SMIC0.18μm工艺,通过Spectre仿真工具进行验证与仿真,运放的开环增益达到78.3dB,共模抑制比达到112dB。在斩波频率fchophigh=10kHz、fchoplow=500Hz的条件下,通过使用非匹配斩波开关,分别对单斩波和嵌套式斩波运放进行仿真。结果表明,嵌套式斩波技术能有效减小残余失调的影响。适用于带宽较低的微弱信号检测与处理电路,如传感器前端读出电路和音频信号放大电路等。