改进型自适应多叉树防碰撞算法研究

 文章在自适应多叉树防碰撞算法的基础上,通过优化阅读器所发送前缀的方法,提出了一种改进型自适应多叉树(IAMS)防碰撞算法.该算法通过计算碰撞因子来动态地选择搜索树的叉数,并对四叉树的查询前缀进行优化,从而避免了大量的空闲时隙.文章通过数学分析,准确地描述了IAMS算法识别标签所需的时隙数.仿真结果表明,改进型自适应多叉树防碰撞算法具有更快的识别速度和更高的系统吞吐率.     

基于二叉树分解的自适应防碰撞算法

该文提出了一种基于二叉树分解的自适应防碰撞算法。新算法利用标签EPC的唯一性,通过时隙分配估计标签的分布情况,对发生碰撞的时隙进行二叉树搜索,从而将一个庞大且复杂的二叉树分解成多个简单的小子二叉树,简化了搜索流程。通过引入碰撞堆栈,并根据时隙状态自适应得调整搜索路径,从而进一步减少搜索的时隙数及提高了时隙的吞吐量。理论和仿真实验证明了新算法的有效性,即在待识别的标签数量较多时,可有效的减少识别时间,提高搜索效率。     

一种改进的信息位编码自适应搜索防碰撞算法

在信息位编码自适应搜索防碰撞算法的基础上,通过改进碰撞位信息查询方法,提出了一种改进型信息位编码自适应搜索防碰撞算法。通过信息位编码避免了空闲时隙,在多叉树搜索的同时对多个碰撞位进行编码查询,避免了碰撞位信息附加查询时隙。根据碰撞位的个数和最高碰撞位的位置信息,阅读器自适应地选择对标签进行信息位编码多叉树搜索或二叉树搜索。仿真结果表明,相对于信息位编码自适应搜索防碰撞算法,新算法的总时隙数减少了17.8%,吞吐率提高了21.5%。     

双时隙动态二进制搜索RFID防碰撞算法

在二进制搜索算法的基础上引入时隙的思想,提出了一种新的防碰撞算法:双时隙动态二进制搜索防碰撞算法.该算法利用阅读器堆栈形成进一步搜索命令;响应标签分为两个子集,并分别在两个时隙发送数据信息,一次搜索最多可识别4个标签.仿真结果表明:新算法减少了搜索次数和识别时间,提高了RFID系统的性能.     

LRST：低冗余搜索树防碰撞算法

针对RFID标签防碰撞树型算法在识别过程中因询问命令过多、过长而产生大量冗余数据导致通信开销过大的问题,在后退式动态搜索树算法的基础上提出一种低冗余搜索树防碰撞算法（LRST）：为减少询问次数,提出了“一问两答”询问方式,即碰撞标签根据最高碰撞位比特分别在第一个时隙或第二个时隙响应;为减小询问命令的长度,用计数器替代标签中的前缀匹配电路,使算法不再需要前缀作为询问命令的标识参数;此外,提出的预测识别和标签屏蔽机制可节省不必要的询问。理论分析和仿真结果表明,通信开销大大降低。     

改进型RFID自适应标签识别算法

基于碰撞识别算法系列,提出改进型自适应标签识别算法(Improved Adaptive Collision Tree Algorithm,IACT).算法通过优化查询前缀,消除了自适应碰撞标签识别算法在四叉树搜索产生的空时隙查询,从而减少了算法的时间复杂度,提高识别效率.通过理论推导和计算机仿真可知,该算法比自适应标签识别算法(Adaptive Collision Tree Algorithm,ACT)有着明显的优化.     

基于二进制树分解的动态防碰撞算法

针对现有的无线射频识别系统（RFID）二进制树防碰撞算法所需的搜索时隙较多,系统识别速率较低,提出了一种基于二进制树分解的动态防碰撞算法。该算法利用标签EPC的唯一性,对发生碰撞的比特位进行深度分解,根据碰撞位调整搜索状态,从而进一步减少搜索时隙数并提高了系统的呑吐量。通过对算法的分析和仿真结果表明：基于二进制树分解的动态防碰撞算法相对于动态二进制搜索算法有明显的优势。     

改进型动态时隙冲突跟踪树标签防碰撞算法

射频识别RFID(Radio Frequency Identification)系统内的读卡器在识别大数量标签时常因信号的碰撞而导致系统识别效率降低.动态时隙冲突跟踪树算法DSCTTA(Dynamic Slots Collision Tracking Tree Algorithm)采用动态时隙应答机制可减少前缀开销和迭代开销,但会产生大量空闲时隙.本文将DSCTTA和比特转换方式(BCM)相结合,得到改进型动态时隙冲突跟踪树标签防碰撞算法(IDSCTTA)以防止标签冲突,加快标签识别速度.理论分析及仿真结果表明,IDSCTTA不仅具有DSCTTA的全部优点,而且能够有效地减小识别时延和提高时隙效率,并且标签数目越大,算法性能越优越.     

分组自适应分配时隙的RFID防碰撞算法研究

为了解决射频识别(Radio Frequency IDentification,RFID)系统中的多标签防碰撞问题,在分析帧时隙ALOHA算法的基础上,提出一种基于分组自适应分配时隙的RFID防碰撞算法(GAAS).首先让阅读器对标签随机所选的时隙进行扫描统计,并将其发送给每一个标签,标签再进行相应地时隙调整,使阅读器跳过空闲时隙和碰撞时隙,自适应地分配有效时隙,进而对标签进行快速识别.当未识别标签数比较大时,算法采用分组以及动态调整帧长等策略,以减少时隙处理的时间.仿真结果表明:GAAS算法提高了系统的识别效率和稳定性,降低了传输开销.特别是当标签数超过1000时,该算法的吞吐率仍保持在71%以上,比传统的帧时隙ALOHA-256算法和分组动态帧时隙ALOHA算法的系统效率分别提高了300%和97.2%.     

无源RFID自适应帧时隙防碰撞算法研究

射频识别RFID作为一种重要的物联网终端数据采集技术,系统的吞吐率直接影响着数据采集终端的性能,但目前广泛应用于无源RFID系统的帧时隙类防碰撞算法吞吐率普遍较低.本文着重分析了影响无源RFID帧时隙类ALOHA防碰撞算法性能两类因素：帧长和碰撞时隙的处理方式,通过构建和求解帧长调整和标签碰撞的数学模型,给出了无源RFID帧时隙类ALOHA防碰撞算法的具体优化途径和方案：帧长自适应调整和碰撞实时散列.在此基础上提出了自适应二进制散列帧时隙ALOHA防碰撞算法-ABSFSA.实验结果表明ABSFSA算法在同等条件下可以有效减少无效时隙,明显将RFID系统的吞吐率稳定提高到45%.本文的研究工作为无源RFID帧时隙类防碰撞算法的优化提供了可供参考的数学模型,同时对提升物联网数据采集终端的性能具有一定的应用价值.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks