量子点的形成对Si/Ge界面互扩散的影响

在Si(100)衬底上低温生长了一层完全应变的Ge层,高温退火形成量子点.我们用喇曼光谱研究了量子点形成时Si/Ge界面的互扩散现象,实验表明量子点的形成伴随着Si/Ge原子之间的互扩散,通常在Si衬底上形成的是SiGe合金量子点,而不是纯Ge量子点.     

Si(001)斜切衬底上Ge量子点的固相外延生长

研究了Si(001)面偏[110]方向6°斜切衬底上Ge量子点的固相外延生长.实验结果表明,在Si(001)6°斜切衬底上固相外延生长Ge量子点的最佳退火温度为640℃,在斜切衬底上成岛生长的临界厚度低于在Si(001)衬底成岛生长的临界厚度,6°斜切衬底上淀积0.7nm Ge即可成岛,少于Si(001)衬底片上Ge成岛所需的淀积量.从Ge量子点的密度随固相外延温度的变化曲线,得到Ge量子点的激活能为1.9eV,远高于Si(111)面上固相外延Ge量子点的激活能0.3eV.实验亦发现,在Si(001)斜切衬底上固相外延生长的Ge量子点较Si(001)衬底上形成的量子点的热稳定性要好.     

Si(001)斜切衬底上Ge量子点的固相外延生长

研究了Si(001)面偏[110]方向6°斜切衬底上Ge量子点的固相外延生长.实验结果表明,在Si(001)6°斜切衬底上固相外延生长Ge量子点的最佳退火温度为640℃,在斜切衬底上成岛生长的临界厚度低于在Si(001)衬底成岛生长的临界厚度,6°斜切衬底上淀积0.7nm Ge即可成岛,少于Si(001)衬底片上Ge成岛所需的淀积量.从Ge量子点的密度随固相外延温度的变化曲线,得到Ge量子点的激活能为1.9eV,远高于Si(111)面上固相外延Ge量子点的激活能0.3eV.实验亦发现,在Si(001)斜切衬底上固相外延生长的Ge量子点较Si(001)衬底上形成的量子点的热稳定性要好.     

金属Ni诱导横向晶化Ge纳米点/Si多层异质薄膜的特性

研究了利用低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)和金属诱导横向结晶技术制备高密度Ge/Si量子点多层异质结构.首先在SiO2/Si(100)衬底上LPCVD生长了高密度Ge/a-Si量子点多层结构,然后在较低温度下(低于550℃),利用金属Ni诱导多层结构中的a-Si层横向结晶制备出高质量的Ge/Si量子点超晶格结构.通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜和显微喇曼光谱等手段测量研究表明,与单一a-Si系统的金属Ni诱导相似,该多层结构中的各α-Si层退火后也具有(110)择优取向,同时晶粒的直径较大,约在4～5μm左右.Ge点中的应力状态的变化揭示出诱导结晶后形成高质量的晶态Si与Ge纳米点界面.     

金属Ni诱导横向晶化Ge纳米点/Si多层异质薄膜的特性

研究了利用低压化学气相沉积(LPCVD)和金属诱导横向结晶技术制备高密度Ge/Si量子点多层异质结构.首先在SiO2/Si(100)衬底上LPCVD生长了高密度Ge/a-Si量子点多层结构,然后在较低温度下(低于550℃),利用金属Ni诱导多层结构中的a-Si层横向结晶制备出高质量的Ge/Si量子点超晶格结构.通过光学显微镜、电子显微镜和显微喇曼光谱等手段测量研究表明,与单一a-Si系统的金属Ni诱导相似,该多层结构中的各α-Si层退火后也具有(110)择优取向,同时晶粒的直径较大,约在4～5μm左右.Ge点中的应力状态的变化揭示出诱导结晶后形成高质量的晶态Si与Ge纳米点界面.     

多层Ge量子点的生长及其光学特性

用超高真空化学气相淀积系统在Si(100)衬底上生长了多层Ge量子点.分别用TEM和AFM分析了埋层和最上层量子点的形貌和尺寸,研究了量子点层数和Si隔离层厚度对上层Ge量子点的形状和尺寸分布的影响.观察到样品的低温PL谱线有明显蓝移(87meV),Ge量子点的PL谱线的半高宽度(FWHM)为46meV,说明采用UHV/CVD生长的多层量子点适合量子光电器件的应用.     

多层Ge量子点的生长及其光学特性

用超高真空化学气相淀积系统在Si(1 0 0 )衬底上生长了多层Ge量子点.分别用TEM和AFM分析了埋层和最上层量子点的形貌和尺寸,研究了量子点层数和Si隔离层厚度对上层Ge量子点的形状和尺寸分布的影响.观察到样品的低温PL谱线有明显蓝移(87meV) ,Ge量子点的PL谱线的半高宽度(FWHM )为46meV ,说明采用UHV/CVD生长的多层量子点适合量子光电器件的应用     

Ge/Si(100)界面互扩散的喇曼光谱

利用喇曼光谱研究了不同温度下在Si(100)衬底上异质外延Ge层由于扩散引起的Ge/Si异质结界面互混以及表面活化剂Sb对其的影响.结果表明表面活化剂Sb的存在大大抑制了界面的互扩散,在650℃下也没有观察到明显的界面互混.没有Sb时,在500℃下已存在一定程度的界面互混,界面互混程度随外延层生长温度的增高而增强.这种互扩散的差别与成岛生长时应变释放有关.     

Ge/Si(100)界面互扩散的喇曼光谱

利用喇曼光谱研究了不同温度下在Si(100)衬底上异质外延Ge层由于扩散引起的Ge/Si异质结界面互混以及表面活化剂Sb对其的影响.结果表明表面活化剂Sb的存在大大抑制了界面的互扩散,在650℃下也没有观察到明显的界面互混.没有Sb时,在500℃下已存在一定程度的界面互混,界面互混程度随外延层生长温度的增高而增强.这种互扩散的差别与成岛生长时应变释放有关     

弛豫SiGe衬底上SiGe/SiⅡ型量子阱

采用 UHV / CVD系统 ,在 Si衬底上生长了具有渐变 Si1 - x Gex 缓冲层结构的弛豫 Si0 .76 Ge0 .2 4虚衬底和 5个周期的 Si0 .76 Ge0 .2 4/ Si多量子阱 .在渐变 Si1 - x Gex 缓冲层生长过程中引入原位退火 ,消除了残余应力 ,抑制了后续生长的 Si Ge中的位错成核 .透射电子显微照片显示 ,位错被有效地限制在组份渐变缓冲层内 ,而 Si Ge上层和 Si Ge/Si量子阱是无位错的 .在样品的 PL 谱中 ,观察到跃迁能量为 0 .96 1e V的 型量子阱的无声子参与 (NP)发光峰 .由于 型量子阱中电子和空穴不在空间同一位置 ,较高光功率激发下引起的高浓度载流子导致能带弯     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Teleportation of an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state under the controlling of M controllers

A new quantum protocol to teleport an arbitrary unknown N-qubit entangled state from a sender to a fixed receiver under M controllers(M < N) is proposed. The quantum resources required are M non-maximally entangled Greenberger-Home-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and N-M non-maximally entangled Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs. The sender performs N generalized Bell-state measurements on the 2N particles. Controllers take M single-particle measurement along x-axis, and the receiver needs to introduce one auxiliary two-level particle to extract quantum information probabilistically with the fidelity unit if controllers cooperate with it.     

A rigorous proof of MIMO channel capacity’s increase with antenna number

It is well known that adding more antennas at the transmitter or at the receiver may offer larger channel capacity in the multiple-input multiple-output（MIMO） communication systems. In this letter, a simple proof is presented for the fact that the channel capacity increases with an increase in the number of receiving antennas. The proof is based on the famous capacity formula of Foschini and Gans with matrix theory.     

Diode-end-pumped Nd:YVO4/LBO lasers with 4.2W continuous-wave output at 457 nm

A continuous-wave (CW) 457 nm blue laser operating at the power of 4.2 W is demonstrated by using a fiber coupled laser diode module pumped Nd: YVO4 and using LBO as the intra-cavity SHG crystal With the optimization of laser cavity and crystal parameters, the laser operates at a very high efficiency. When the pumping power is about 31 W, the output at 457nm reaches 4.2 W, and the optical to optical conversion efficiency is about 13.5% accordingly. The stability of the out putpower is better than 1.2% for 8 h continuously working.     

Call for Papers

正Wireless Body-area Networks The last decade has witnessed the convergence of three giant worlds:electronics,computer science and telecommunications.The next decade should follow this convergence in most of our activities with the generalization of sensor networks.In particular with the progress in medicine,people live longer and the aging of population will push the development of wireless personal networks