钴-镍-磷非晶态耐高温磨损合金镀层的性能研究

常温条件下,使用Co—Ni—P合金刷镀液应用电刷镀的方法可以获得非晶态刷镀层。用X射线衍射仪和差热分析装置研究了Co—Ni—P合金镀层的结构和晶化温度,当温度低于晶化温度323.4℃时,镀层为非晶态结构;随着温度的进一步升高,镀层由非晶态向晶态结构转变,并析出第二相组织。在600℃,保温30min后,Co—Ni—P非晶合金镀层的相结构为fec—Ni相十析出相。在GW/(ML—MS)高温磨损试验机及Skoda—Savin磨损试验机上分别测量了Co—Ni—P非晶合金镀层与Ni—W(50)合金镀层在不同温度及不同热处理温度下的体积磨损量。结果表明,在12℃—500℃范围内,Co—Ni—P非晶合金镀层的耐高温磨损性均优于Ni—W(50)合金镀层;而在27℃—450℃热处理后,Co—Ni—P非晶合金镀层的耐磨性(磨轮磨损)仍优于Ni—W(50)合金镀层,只有在500—600℃热处理后,Ni—W(50)合金镀层的耐磨性优于Co—Ni—P非晶合金镀层。     

新型Co-Al-W合金高温氧化行为研究

研究了γ′-Co3(Al,W)相沉淀强化的新型钴基高温合金,Co-Al-W抗高温氧化性能。利用SEM、EPMA、XRD等方法研究了新型Co-Al-W合金在800℃和900℃空气中静态氧化增重动力学和抗高温氧化机理,并与镍基高温合金Manaurite900相比较。研究发现,在800℃氧化时,9.8W合金抗氧化能力最强,但在900℃时,9.8W和7.5W合金的增重最大,Manaurite900和10.7W的抗氧化能力最好。合金在2种温度下氧化后,表面氧化膜主要由三层构成,即Co氧化物Co3O4组成的氧化膜最外层,Co、Al、W复杂氧化物组成的中间过渡层及Al和Co氧化物组成的氧化膜最内层。     

一种抗高温磨损刷镀层的试验研究

本文对我们研制的Ni—P合金刷镀层进行了X—射线结构分析，扫描电镜及能谱分析，还进行了再强化特性的研究，认为该Ni—P合金刷镀层在室温至300℃之间为非品态合金，在300℃—400℃之间晶化，400℃时将析出(Fe、Ni)3P相，形成Ni基体分布(Fe、Ni)P第二相的组织，获得了良好的硬化效果。     

Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金粉末的高温抗氧化行为

研究Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金粉末在600 ℃空气中的高温抗氧化性能,分析铝含量和预氧化处理对合金粉末高温抗氧化行为的影响.利用水雾化法制备不同铝含量的Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金粉末,利用静态质量增加法研究不同铝含量合金粉末的氧化动力学,分别利用FE-SEM(EDS)和XRD观察分析不同合金粉末氧化膜的形貌及成分,结合氧化动力学及氧化膜的组成进一步分析不同合金粉末的高温氧化机理.结果表明:Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金粉末在600 ℃时的氧化质量增加遵循抛物线规律,铝含量的增加及预氧化处理均可提高合金粉末的抗氧化能力;铝含量的增加使氧化膜的组成由Cr2O3和Al2O3的混合结构转变为单一的Al2O3氧化膜结构,这有利于提高合金粉末的抗氧化性能;预氧化处理所形成的氧化膜有效地抑制Ni-Cr-Al-Fe基合金粉末的进一步氧化.     

铸钢轧辊亚微米WC-4Co电火花沉积涂层高温性能

用新型电火花沉积设备,把WC-4Co陶瓷硬质合金材料沉积在铸钢轧辊材料上,制备了电火花沉积合金涂层,用SEM和XRD等技术研究了沉积层在300 ℃的高温耐磨性和800 ℃高温氧化100 h后氧化膜形貌、组织结构和高温抗氧化性能.结果表明,沉积层厚度为20～30 μm,沉积层由Fe3W3C,Co3W3C,Si2W和W2C等物相组成.300 ℃高温条件下沉积层的耐磨性比基体提高了3.4倍,300 ℃高温条件下沉积层的磨损机理主要是粘着磨损、疲劳磨损、氧化磨损和磨粒磨损的综合作用.800 ℃高温条件下沉积层氧化100 h后的氧化膜的厚度约为10～20 μm;氧化膜主要由Fe3O4,Fe2O3,W20O58和Si物相组成;800 ℃高温下沉积层抗氧化性能比基体的抗氧化性能提高了2.6倍.细小弥散分布的硬质相提高了沉积层的抗高温磨损性能和抗高温氧化性能.     

一种抗高温磨损刷镀层的试验研究

本文对我们研制的Ni—P合金刷镀层进行了X—射线结构分析,扫描电镜及能谱分析,还进行了再强化特性的研究,认为该Ni—P合金刷镀层在室温至300℃之间为非晶态合金,在300℃～400℃之间晶化,400℃时将析出(Fe、Ni)3P相,形成Ni基体分布(Fe、Ni)P第二相的组织,获得了良好的硬化效果。该刷镀层加热到700℃后才开始软化。因此,本试验研究认为,该Ni—P合金刷镀层适用于热锻模、压塑模等要求高温耐磨性能的零件的修复和强化。     

钛及钛合金高温氧化行为研究

对工业纯钛TA2、TC4及Ti60合金分别在600、700、800℃进行氧化,得到氧化增重曲线。利用SEM、XRD等手段对氧化表面形貌、氧化产物构成及分布进行研究并分析了3种钛材在不同温度下的氧化机制。结果表明:随着温度升高,TA2、TC4以及Ti60三种钛材的抗氧化能力均有所下降,且抗氧化能力由强到弱依次为Ti60TA2TC4。工业纯钛TA2的氧化产物为TiO_2,TC4合金在600℃氧化产物为TiO_2,700、800℃为TiO_2/Al_2O_3,Ti60合金氧化产物为TiO_2/Al_2O_3。TA2和TC4钛合金在600℃时的氧化反应均受扩散过程控制,随温度升高(700、800℃),逐渐转变为界面反应控制。由于氧化产物组织结构疏松且Al_2O_3、TiO_2和基体由于热膨胀系数不同导致的应力,TC4合金氧化膜易剥落,抗氧化能力较差。Ti60合金在700、800℃的氧化反应也受扩散过程控制,Zr、Si及稀土元素的添加得到保护能力较强的致密氧化膜Al_2O_3,抗氧化能力较好。然而800℃时,富Sn、Nd相的析出诱导氧化膜剥离,抗氧化能力有所下降。     

活性元素Y和Ce对Fe—25Cr—40Ni合金高温氧化的影响

用离子背散射和慢正电子束研究了活性元素Y和Ce对Fe-25Cr—40Ni合金在高温初期氧化动力学、氧化膜表层成份和微观缺陷结构的影响,实验结果表明了微量活性元素(≥0.05%)在高温氧化初期显著减少了合金的氧化速率,有效地促进了Cr_2O_3的生长,抑制了Fe和Ni氧化物的形成,改善了氧化膜的微观结构,活性元素结合进入氧化膜并在外层膜中(约几十nm)富集,活性元素Ce抗氧化机理不同于Y,Ce使合金氧化膜的空位缺陷显著降低,主要控制了阳离子沿晶格空位向外扩散,而含Y合金由氧化初期主要控制阳离子沿晶格扩散转变为主要控制阳离子沿晶界向外扩散。     

NiCrAlY涂层对Ni基高温合金K17抗氧化性能的影响

采用电弧离子镀技术在铸造Ni基高温合金K17上沉积NiCrA1Y涂层，测定了K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在900℃-1100℃的氧化动力学曲线。实验结果表明：K17合金和NiCrAlY涂层在不同温度静态空气中氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律。900℃和1000℃时，K17合金上沉积NiCrAlY涂层后，明显改善了合金的抗氧化性。1100℃时，涂层的保护作用不如900℃和1000℃，900℃氧化时，NiCrAlY涂层氧化膜由α-Al2O3和Cr2O3的组成；1000℃氧化时，氧化初期，NiO,Cr2O3和Al2O3 3种氧化物同时生成。随着氧化的进行，不仅氧化膜增厚，而且发生较复杂的反应，氧化膜的相组成发生变化。随着氧化温度升高，涂层和基体之间元素扩散加剧，Ti从基体扩散到涂层表面形成氧化物是导致涂层抗氧化降低的原因。氧化膜从涂层上剥落下来，也导致了涂层抗氧化能力降低。     

形状记忆合金Ti44Ni47Nb9的抗高温氧化性能

采用恒温氧化法，结合X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)及能谱分析(EDS)等手段，研究了Ti44Ni47Nb9形状记忆合金(SMA)的抗高温氧化性能．结果表明，Ti44Ni47Nb9合金在450℃下轻微氧化；600—800℃高温下氧化增重曲线符合抛物线规律，氧化膜外层主要是金红石型TiO2，中间为富Nb层，内层为富Ni的Ni3Ti层．研究表明，Ti44Ni47Nb9合金中的Nb元素减少了TiO2中的氧空位，形成的富Nb阻挡层，能有效地抑制Ti元素的外扩散，同时也阻挡了氧的内扩散，降低了氧的固溶度，从而抑制了Ni3Ti层中Ni元素的进一步氧化，提高了合金的抗高温氧化性能．     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

A STUDY OF TEMPERATURE-DEPENDENT VALENCE BOND STRUCTURE OF TITANIUM

On the basis of energy and shape method for the determination of the valence bond (VB) structures of crystal, the valence bond structure of titanium is redetermined at room temperature and calculated in the whole temperature range of 0-1943K. The outer shell electronic distribution of Ti is e_c~(2.9907) · (s_c~(0.4980) d_c~(2.4927)) ef1.0093 in crystal. The temperature dependences of the VB structures of hcp and bcc phases are the same. The VB structures of hcp and bcc phases monotonically increase or decrease with the increase in temperature, but show discontinuous changes at the phase-transformation temperature 1155K.