Identification of discrete-time state affine state space models using cumulants

This paper is concerned with the identification of discrete-time, time invariant, state affine state space models driven by an independent identically distributed (IID) random input, and in the presence of process and measurement noise. The identification problem is treated using a cumulant based approach. It is shown that the input-output and input-state crosscumulant equations in the time domain have the form of a linear autonomous system. An algorithmic procedure is then developed, for the computation of the unknown system matrices, based on a standard deterministic linear subspace identification algorithm, provided the input signal has some persistent excitation properties. The special case of Gaussian IID input is also examined. The proposed method is computationally very efficient and its accuracy is illustrated by simulations.     

二元树复小波变换及其在图象方向滤波中的应用

复小波变换虽然具有良好的方向选择性和平移不变性 ,但不具备完全重构性条件 ,而二元树复小波变换(DTCWT)正好解决了这一难题 .在分析二元树复小波分解后的 12个高频子带方向性的基础上 ,利用其良好的方向选择性提出了一种对线形纹理图象进行增强滤波的方法 .该方法借助于小波变换域的方向解析性 ,在各子带中保留图象中各局部主方向的信息而滤除其他方向的噪声 .利用该方法进行滤波还可以避免对信号和噪声频率特性和统计特性进行估计 ,从而大大减小了滤波的复杂程度 .以指纹图象为例的实验结果表明 ,该方法效果较好 ,便于实现 ,尤其适用于噪声特性复杂的纹理图象的滤波 .     

基于匹配滤波器的冲击在线检测的研究

在已知波形的条件下,匹配滤波器可以有效地提取含有较大随机干扰的冲击激励,消噪效果明显。文中针对机械动力系统中波形已知、重复产生的冲击激励,详细介绍了一种新的检测系统,并给出了在线检测算法流程。该检测系统以匹配滤波器为检测器,判决器使用了阈值算法,具有速度快、易于实现在线检测的特点。实际的例子说明了该检测系统的有效性和实用性。     

基于最小冗余线阵的阵列扩展方法

针对均匀传感器线阵应用被动合成孔径技术进行扩展阵列中存在阵元数较多利用率较低,且噪声累积误差问题,提出了一种基于最小冗余线阵的阵列扩展方法.该算法将四阶累积量方法和被动合成孔径技术相结合,能够采用较少的阵元获得较大的阵列有效孔径.先用四阶累积量方法对最小冗余阵作匀速直线运动采集的连续测量量作预处理,获得虚拟均匀线阵效果...     

Texture mapping on surfaces of arbitrary topology using norm preserving-based optimization

A simple and yet highly efficient, high-quality texture mapping method for surfaces of arbitrary topology is presented. The new method projects the given surface from the 3D object space into the 2D texture space to identify the 2D texture structure that will be used to texture the surface. The object space to texture space projection is optimized to ensure minimum distortion of the texture mapping process. The optimization is achieved through a commonly used norm preserving minimization process on edges of the surface. The main difference here is, by using an initial value approach, the optimization problem can be set up as a quadratic programming problem and, consequently, solved by a linear least squares method. Three methods to choose a good initial value are presented. Test cases show that the new method works well on surfaces of arbitrary topology, with the exception of surfaces with exceptionally abnormal curvature distribution. Other advantages of the new method include uniformity and seamlessness of the texture mapping process. The new method is suitable for applications that do not require precise texture mapping results but demand highly efficient mapping process such as computer animation or video games.     

三阶累积量的语音激活检测方法

在电子与通信系统中,传输信道的噪声都可以看作是加性的高斯随机过程,而高斯随机过程的三阶累积量为零,通信系统中传输的语音信号一般是非高斯信号,基于这个原理提出一种语音激活检测算法。在通信系统的接收端,对于被噪声污染了的语音信号,通过计算接收信号的三阶累积量,得到语音信号的累积量,从而可以区分语音和噪声,达到检测出语音信号的目的。仿真结果表明,在通信系统低信噪比的环境下能有效地检测出语音信号。     

Contour detection improved by frequency domain filtering of gradient image

We propose an intermediate computational step,frequency domain filtering of gradient image,to improve contour detection performance of gradient-based edge detectors.This step is inspired by analyzing the spectrum distribution of object contours and texture edges in the frequency domain of gradient image.We illustrate the principle and efect of this step by adding it to the Canny edge detector.The resulting operator can selectively retain object contours and region boundaries,and meanwhile can dramatically reduce non-meaningful elements caused by textured background.We use several types of images to compare the proposed method and other related methods qualitatively and quantitatively.Experimental results show that the proposed method can efectively enhance the contour detection of Canny edge detector and achieves similar detection performance to two other related methods but runs faster.     

Simultaneous unidirectional and bidirectional chaos-based optical communication using hybrid coupling semiconductor lasers

A simultaneous unidirectional and bidirectional chaos-based optical communication scheme based on a hybrid coupling semiconductor laser system that consists of one center semiconductor laser(CSL)and multiple side semiconductor lasers(SSLs)is proposed numerically.In this scheme,the SSLs oriented in a linear chain mutually couple with the adjacent SSLs and they are subjected to identical unidirectional injections from the CSL which is a chaotic external cavity semiconductor laser.We theoretically analyze the conditions for diferent types of chaos synchronization based on the symmetry operation mechanism and injection-locking mechanism,and numerically investigate the influences of operation parameters,parameter mismatch robustness,chaos pass filtering efects and communication performance of the hybrid coupling semiconductor laser system.The simulation results demonstrate that with proper selection of the unidirectional and mutual coupling conditions,the SSLs can synchronize with each other isochronally and simultaneously synchronize to the CSL completely or laggardly,which enables the proposed system to achieve a unidirectional broadcasting communication from the CSL to the SSLs and a bidirectional communication among the SSLs simultaneously.The proposed scheme is beneficial to the implementation of optical chaos communication networks.     

On the state estimation for non-linear dynamic systems †

The object of this paper is to present an approximate technique for state estimation of non-linear dynamical systems under noisy observations. The conditional cumulant is introduced, by which the conditional probability density can be characterized. A set of dynamical equations satisfied by conditional cumulants is derived, and an approximate method is proposed for computing the cumulants. The relation of the cumulant method to the stochastic linearization technique is also discussed. Finally the state estimation problem for linear stochaatic system with state-dependent disturbance is solved to illustrate the use of the Gaussian approximation.     

基于图像特征的力反馈渲染改进算法

传统基于图像特征的力反馈渲染算法在图像预处理降噪阶段容易丢失虚拟对象表面粗糙度信息。为此,提出一种改进的力反馈渲染算法。在快速矢量滤波器内置噪声检测器之前,增加一级基于图像边缘特征矢量的噪声检测器,以提高噪声检测准确率、保护图像边缘细节特征。实验结果表明,改进算法能够准确描述虚拟对象表面细微的粗糙度信息,实现更逼真的触觉与视觉融合的力反馈。     

有色噪声中信号的GLRT检测算法研究

针对在高斯广义平稳(WSS)有色噪声环境中含有未知参数信号的检测问题,对于广义似然比检验(GLRT)和匹配子空间方法,提出了一种新的检测算法.通过AR(自回归)参数模型得到含有未知参数的信号加噪声渐进概率密度函数,利用参数变换的方法把一个非线性最小二乘估计问题转化为线性求解问题,然后采用最小二乘估计方法得到参数的极大似然估计(MLE),从而建立了具有恒虚警特性的GLRT检测器.最后结合匹配子空间方法得到了检测概率和虚警概率的表达式,计算机仿真实验验证了方法的有效性.     

Texton Noise

Designing realistic noise patterns from scratch is hard. To solve this problem, recent contributions have proposed involved spectral analysis algorithms that enable procedural noise models to faithfully reproduce some class of textures. The aim of this paper is to propose the simplest and most efficient noise model that allows for the reproduction of any Gaussian texture. Texton noise is a simple sparse convolution noise that sums randomly scattered copies of a small bilinear texture called texton. We introduce an automatic algorithm to compute the texton associated with an input texture image that concentrates the input frequency content into the desired texton support. One of the main features of texton noise is that its evaluation only consists to sum 30 texture fetches on average. Consequently, texton noise generates Gaussian textures with an unprecedented evaluation speed for noise by example. A second main feature of texton noise is that it allows for high‐quality on‐the‐fly anisotropic filtering by simply invoking existing GPU hardware solutions for texture fetches. In addition, we demonstrate that texton noise can be applied on any surface using parameterization‐free surface noise and that it allows for noise mixing.     

模糊柔性形态学边缘检测

提出了一种改进的基于模糊理论的柔性形态学边缘检测方法。在模糊域里选用效率更高的隶属度函数,借鉴广义模糊集的概念对模糊域计算区域进行拉伸和增强处理,增加边缘两侧灰度对比度,再利用柔性形态学特征及性质选取更有效率性能、更好的边缘检测算子和结构元,得到噪声存在条件下更加理想的图像边缘。与其他检测算法相比,该算法在取得更多边缘细节的同时具有更强的抗噪能力,具有一定的实用性和可行性。     

Conformal geometry and its applications on 3D shape matching, recognition, and stitching

Three-dimensional shape matching is a fundamental issue in computer vision with many applications such as shape registration, 3D object recognition, and classification. However, shape matching with noise, occlusion, and clutter is a challenging problem. In this paper, we analyze a family of quasi-conformal maps including harmonic maps, conformal maps, and least-squares conformal maps with regards to 3D shape matching. As a result, we propose a novel and computationally efficient shape matching framework by using least-squares conformal maps. According to conformal geometry theory, each 3D surface with disk topology can be mapped to a 2D domain through a global optimization and the resulting map is a diffeomorphism, i.e., one-to-one and onto. This allows us to simplify the 3D shape-matching problem to a 2D image-matching problem, by comparing the resulting 2D parametric maps, which are stable, insensitive to resolution changes and robust to occlusion, and noise. Therefore, highly accurate and efficient 3D shape matching algorithms can be achieved by using the above three parametric maps. Finally, the robustness of least-squares conformal maps is evaluated and analyzed comprehensively in 3D shape matching with occlusion, noise, and resolution variation. In order to further demonstrate the performance of our proposed method, we also conduct a series of experiments on two computer vision applications, i.e., 3D face recognition and 3D nonrigid surface alignment and stitching.     

LYTRO相机光场图像深度估计算法及重建的研究

光场相机目前已广泛应用于消费领域和工业应用领域,利用光场相机对目标物进行深度重建成为了一项重要的研究课题。在实际研究过程中,Lytro相机空间信息与角度信息复用于同一传感器,导致图像分辨率较低,从而使得重建效果不甚理想。为解决这一问题,提出了一种亚像素精度的光场图像深度估计方法,在频率域对子孔径图像进行多标签下的亚像素偏移,以中心视角图像为参照,建立像素匹配代价行为;使用引导滤波抑制噪声的同时保持了图像边缘;对多标签下的匹配代价行为进行优化,得到精确的深度估计结果。对目标深度图进行表面渲染、纹理映射等重建处理,得到较为精细的重建结果。实验结果表明,该算法在对复杂度较高的物体进行重建时,解决了重建模糊等问题,有较好的表现。     

基于概率密度的兴趣点检测算法

针对基于亮度兴趣点检测算法存在对纹理敏感和兴趣点分布不均匀(集中于高对比度区域)问题, 提出了一种新颖的基于概率密度的兴趣点检测算法. 该算法在经典的Harris角点检测算法基础上, 利用亮度的概率密度梯度代替亮度的梯度构建二阶矩矩阵, 进行兴趣点检测. 与基于亮度的Harris检测算法相比, 新算法不仅具有同样的几何不变性, 还有效地抑制了纹理中的``噪声'兴趣点, 并且兴趣点分布的均匀性明显优于基于亮度算法的检测结果.     

Building Skeleton Models via 3-D Medial Surface Axis Thinning Algorithms

In this paper, we present an efficient three-dimensional (3-D) parallel thinning algorithm for extracting both the medial surfaces and the medial axes of a 3-D object (given as a 3-D binary image). A new Euler table is derived to ensure the invariance of the Euler characteristic of the object, during thinning. An octree data structure of 3 × 3 × 3 lattice points is built to examine the local connectivity. The sets of "simple" points found by different researchers are compared with the constructed set. Different definitions of "surface" points including ours are given. By preserving the topological and the geometrical conditions, our algorithm produces desirable skeletons and performs better than others in terms of noise sensitivity and speed. Pre- and postprocessors can be used to remove additional noise spurs. Its use in defect analysis of objects produced by casting and forging is discussed.     

基于调和映射的约束纹理映射方法

传统的约束纹理映射方法大都建立在迭代优化的基础上,给出的解多为近似解．为此,提出了一种基于调和映射的约束纹理映射方法,利用该方法可以得到约束纹理映射问题的一个形式化精确解．由于调和映射具有保持映射能量最小的良好性质,因此该方法能够最小化纹理映射的形变;另外,约束的纹理映射是个大交互量的工作,埘映射效果的优化调整非常重要,提出的自适应局部邻域调整方法能够实现映射效果的实时优化．该方法鲁棒并且效率高,实验结果表明利用该方法能够取得良好的绘制效果．     

Wavelet domain association rules for efficient texture classification

The wavelet domain association rules method is proposed for efficient texture characterization. The concept of association rules to capture the frequently occurring local intensity variation in textures. The frequency of occurrence of these local patterns within a region is used as texture features. Since texture is basically a multi-scale phenomenon, multi-resolution approaches such as wavelets, are expected to perform efficiently for texture analysis. Thus, this study proposes a new algorithm which uses the wavelet domain association rules for texture classification. Essentially, this work is an extension version of an early work of the Rushing et al. [10], [11], where the generation of intensity domain association rules generation was proposed for efficient texture characterization. The wavelet domain and the intensity domain (gray scale) association rules were generated for performance comparison purposes. As a result, Rushing et al. [10], [11] demonstrated that intensity domain association rules performs much more accurate results than those of the methods which were compared in the Rushing et al. work. Moreover, the performed experimental studies showed the effectiveness of the wavelet domain association rules than the intensity domain association rules for texture classification problem. The overall success rate is about 97%.