Effect of microstructure on the low temperature toughness of high strength pipeline steels

Microstructure observations and drop-weight tear test were performed to study the microstructures and mechanical properties of two kinds of industrial X70 and two kinds of industrial X80 grade pipeline...     

高强度低合金空冷贝氏体铸钢

采用正交实验方法,以硅、锰为主要合金元素,加入少量铬和硼,并用适量钛和稀土进行复合变质处理,在空冷淬火条件下,获得了强度超过2000 MPa,硬度超过55 HRC,冲击韧性大于30 J/cm2和断裂韧性大于70 MPa.m1/2的贝氏体铸钢,在销盘磨损和冲击磨损条件下,都具有优良的耐磨性。空冷贝氏体铸钢生产工艺简单,成本低廉,可用于制造颚板和锤头等产品,使用寿命比高锰钢高1—6倍。     

钢结构厚板对接焊缝的低温断裂韧性试验

随着钢板厚度的增加,焊接难度加大,且存在焊接裂纹缺陷的可能性也增大.为防止钢结构厚板焊接接头的脆性断裂,采用三点弯曲试样,以裂纹尖端张开位移(CTOD)为指标,对厚度为150mm的Q345B钢板对接焊缝低温下的断裂韧性进行试验研究. 分析了焊缝金属和热影响区断裂韧性CTOD值δm随温度的变化关系,并用Boltzmann函数对断裂韧性-温度曲线进行拟合,结合试样断口的扫描电镜图分析了断裂的微观机理. 试验结果表明:焊缝金属和热影响区的CTOD值δm随温度的降低而降低,从20 ℃~-60 ℃,降幅分别达78％和91％;热影响区CTOD值δm比焊缝金属和母材均要小. 试验积累了厚板对接焊缝的断裂韧性数据,为低温地区钢结构厚板对接焊缝脆性断裂的预防提供了技术基础.     

一种新型高强韧性耐磨钢的纳米结构原子像及其性能

研制的新型高强韧性耐磨钢 ,铸态空冷及淬火回火处理均可获得细小或隐晶马氏体 ,少量贝氏体和残留奥氏体以及碳化物 .铸态淬火回火处理样品的U 型缺口冲击韧度аk =38～ 5 0J cm2 ,无缺口冲击韧度аk =14 0～ 2 90J cm2 ,HRC =5 3～ 5 6 ;锻后淬火回火处理样品U 型缺口冲击韧度аk=5 0～ 70J cm2 ,HRC =5 2～ 5 4 ,抗拉强度σb=185 0～ 2 0 0 0Mpa .所研制钢的冲击韧度较相近成分的贝氏体钢提高 4 0 % .采用高分辨电镜对新型钢的纳米结构原子像进行了观察 ,确定了贝氏体铁素体亚片条尺寸 .     

Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响

利用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察不同Ti含量3.5Ni钢试样的组织及析出物,并通过测定其-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功来研究Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响。结果表明,与0.042Ti试样相比,0.079Ti试样在热轧态和正火＋回火态时晶粒大小相同,但其热轧态组织中珠光体细化,且正火＋回火态组织中TiN数量增多,平均尺寸约为150nm;正火＋回火处理后,0.079Ti试样在-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功为233～23J,均低于0.042Ti试样相应值（234～66J）;对于正火＋回火态试样,较粗大TiN粒子的析出是造成其低温韧性降低的主要原因。     

超级贝氏体对1.37wt.%C超高碳钢强度和韧性的影响

研究1.37%C(质量分数)超高碳钢(UHCS-1.37C)经990℃奥氏体化,270℃和310℃等温淬火不同时间后空冷的组织和力学性能。组织研究表明,UHCS-1.37C经等温淬火热处理后获得了由纳米级贝氏体铁素体+薄膜状残余奥氏体组成的超级贝氏体组织。在同一等温温度下,随着等温时间的延长,超级贝氏体的数量不断增加,马氏体数量减少;在相同的等温时间内,等温温度越高,生成的超级贝氏体数量越多。力学测试结果表明,UHCS-1.37C在310℃等温8 h后获得了最佳的强韧性配合,其抗拉强度为1 622 MPa,断后伸长率为5.5%,冲击吸收能量为12.7 J。UHCS-1.37C等温组织优异的力学性能归因于超级贝氏体组织。     

Effects of Mo Composites on the Corrosion Behaviors of Low Alloy Steel

By using electrochemical and weight loss methods, the effect of MoO42-on the corrosion behaviors of low alloy steel was investigated in the 55%LiBr＋0.07 mol/L LiOH solution at high temperature. The results show that MoO42 , being an anodic inhibitor, would form a passive film rapidly and impede both anodic and cathodic reactions. Moreover, Na2MoO4 effectively prevents corrosion in 55%LiBr＋0.07 mol/L LiOH solution when its concentration is higher than 200 mg/L. Some elements of alloy, such as chromium and nickel, may cause the widening of passive potential region and the decrease of passive density, which indicates that the corrosion resistance increases. AES analysis shows that molybdenum participates in forming a protection film. The synergistic effect between chromium and molybdenum induces Cr-steel to be in passive state in lower Na2MoO4 concentration.     

输电线铁塔钢材的低温力学和冲击韧性试验

为选择合适的输电线铁塔钢材,防止杆塔因构件发生低温脆性断裂引起的破坏,通过系列室温和低温条件下的单轴拉伸和冲击试验,研究了输电线铁塔用Q345B、Q420B、Q460C钢管和Q345B、Q420B角钢钢材的力学性能和冲击韧性;通过对比分析,评价了钢管和角钢钢材的塑性指标;利用Boltzmann函数曲线拟合,得到了钢管和角钢钢材的韧-脆转变温度.结果表明:钢材的屈服强度和抗拉强度随温度的降低而增大,其塑性指标均能满足规范要求;钢材夏比冲击功值随温度降低而减小,Q345B钢管和角钢钢材的韧脆转变温度较高,抗低温冷脆性能较差,结合拉伸和冲击试验结果,建议在寒冷地区优先采用Q420B钢管,不宜采用Q345B角钢.     

Nb对低碳微合金钢相变的影响

采用Gleeble-1500D型热模拟机测定了不同含铌量低碳微合金钢在不同冷却速度下,过冷奥氏体连续冷却相变点,分析观察了显微组织,测定了其显微硬度.得出:在同一冷却速度下,随着含铌量的提高,过冷奥氏体连续冷却相变点降低,容易出现条片状贝氏体铁素体,显微硬度提高;在相同成分下,随着冷却速度的增加,含铌钢中铁素体越来越细小,由等轴状大块铁素体组织向条片状贝氏体铁素体转变.     

Effects of low temperature on properties of structural steels

The experiments were carried out to measure the mechanical properties of three grades of structural steels (Q235A, 16Mn and Q390E steel ) at low temperature. It was shown that the strength of the steels increases while the plasticity and toughness decrease as temperature drops. In the transitional area the toughness drops rapidly with temperature. Among the three structural steels, Q390E steel has the best toughness and the lowest sensitivity.     

高强钢筋混凝土桥墩抗震性能试验研究

试验对配有HRB500高强钢筋混凝土桥墩试件进行低周往复加载试验,比较不同钢筋强度、箍筋间距和轴压比对桥墩试件的破坏特征、承载能力、位移、滞回特性、骨架曲线、刚度退化和耗能能力等抗震性能指标的影响。研究表明:钢筋强度、轴压比和箍筋间距对配有HRB500高强钢筋混凝土桥墩的抗震性能影响效果显著。增大钢筋强度、减小轴压比和减小箍筋间距都能够提高高强钢筋混凝土桥墩试件的变形能力,在提高桥墩试件滞回性能的同时,减缓试件的刚度退化。增大钢筋强度、增大轴压比和减小箍筋间距可以增强桥墩试件的极限承载力。     

空冷高硅中碳低合金钢的组织与性能

研究了高硅中碳低合金钢空冷态和空冷＋回火态的显微组织和力学性能.试验钢在860℃保温0.5 h奥氏体化后空冷处理,随后分别在250℃和400℃保温1 h回火.结果表明：试验钢空冷后组织为贝氏体/马氏体和残余奥氏体的混合组织,硬度约为41 HRC;而250℃回火后组织变化不大,硬度明显升高,约为49 HRC,韧性明显增加,由44 J/cm2增加到66 J/cm2,抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率明显下降.回火温度进一步增加对力学性能影响不大.     

低合金耐磨钢的组织与性能

低成本、高性能耐磨钢的需求增长及其开发都在进行中．本研究根据对耐磨钢性能的要求,试制了三种不同合金化方式的低合金耐磨钢,利用金相显微镜、透射电子显微镜、洛氏硬度计、万能材料试验机、夏氏冲击试验机和磨粒磨损实验机研究了其组织和性能,讨论了它们问的关系．结果表明：0．25C钢经不同工艺热处理后均获得了马氏体组织,并发生不同程度的自回火现象,硬度均大于45HRC,屈服强度大于1000MPa,抗拉强度大于1500MPa,并具有一定的塑性和韧性;在860℃淬火或920℃淬火并250℃回火后,实验钢的硬度、强度、塑性和韧性有最佳的配合,耐磨性最佳;V微合金化对钢的组织和性能没有明显影响．0．33C钢860℃或920℃奥氏体化后以等于或大于2．0％／s的冷速连续冷却或风冷至室温,回火或不回火即可得到由贝氏体与马氏体组成的混合组织,硬度超过50HRC,屈服强度大于900MPa,抗拉强度大于1500MPa,有一定的塑性和韧性,耐磨性良好,与商用淬火一回火耐磨钢类似;但由于具有高的加工硬化能力和良好的冲击韧性,在冲击条件下的耐磨性会优于商用钢．不同工艺热处理后的试验钢的磨损率随砂纸粒度和载荷增大而增大,载荷的影响较大,而磨粒的影响较小．     

Effect of low temperature aging on microstructure and mechanical properties of super-high strength aluminum alloy

The effects of heat treatment on the microstructure and mechanical properties of two alloys, namely Al- 12.2%Zn-2.48%Cu-2.0%Mg-0.15%Zr-0. 166%Ag（alloy 1）, and Al-9.99%Zn-1.72%Cu-2.5%Mg-0.13%Zr（alloy 2） were investigated. The results show that low temperature aging after promotive solution treatment can increase elongation without the loss of strength for the studied alloys. The optimum aging treatment （T6） for alloy 1 and alloy 2 is 100 ℃/80 h and 100 ℃/48 h, respectively. Compared with other heat treatment alloys, alloy 1 and alloy 2 show super-high tensile strength up to 753 MPa and 788 MPa, remaining 9.3% and 9.7% elongation under T6 condition, respectively. During aging, trace addition of Ag enhances the formations of GP zone and metastable phase, and stabilizes GP zone and metastable phase to a higher temperature. Trace addition of Ag prolongs the aging time of reaching the peak strength and delays over-aging condition of the alloy. However, trace addition of Ag promotes the formation of coarse constituent in the alloy and consumes hardening alloying elements of Zn and Mg. Moreover, the addition of the transition element Zr in 7000 series super-high alloy forms incoherent Al3 Zr dispersoid which can serve as nucleation sites for nonuniform precipitation of η phase during aging process. The higher the aging temperature, the greater the tendency for nonuniform precipitation of η phase.     

Fracture toughness and fracture behavior of SA508-III steel at different temperatures

The fracture toughness of SA508-III steel was studied in the temperature range from room temperature to 320°C using the J-integral method. The fracture behavior of the steel was also investigated. It w...     

常温与高温下高强钢T型连接受拉性能试验

为研究高温下高强钢T型连接的受拉性能,对11个常温下和17个高温下的T型连接试件进行拉伸试验,其中包括300、400、500、600℃等多种高温环境下Q355、Q460、Q690、S690、S960等不同强度钢材的T型连接,通过试验得到各T型连接的初始拉伸刚度、抗拉承载力、破坏模式等。将试验结果与欧洲规范和中国规程的计算结果进行对比,以期校验规范对于高强钢T型连接的适用性,并分析翼缘强度、翼缘厚度、螺栓强度、螺栓直径、螺栓位置以及高温温度等多种因素对T型连接受拉性能的影响。常温与高温下的试验结果表明：欧洲规范和中国规程对高温下高强钢T型连接初始拉伸刚度的估算偏于危险,而对抗拉承载力而言偏于保守;与普通钢T型连接相比,薄翼缘高强钢T型连接能在保持承载能力相当的情况下,具有更好的变形能力;当螺栓离腹板距离和翼缘距离的比值小于1时,增大螺栓离腹板的距离会显著降低T型连接的初始拉伸刚度和抗拉承载力;螺栓直径的增加将增大T型连接初始拉伸刚度值,但螺栓强度对初始拉伸刚度影响不大。本文研究成果可为高强钢端板连接节点及其等效T型连接的抗火设计提供试验依据,为相关规范修订提供参考。     

约束高强度Q460钢柱抗火性能试验

为获得高强度Q460钢柱的抗火性能,采用火灾试验炉对4个约束Q460钢柱进行抗火性能试验,试验采用恒载升温模式和ISO-834标准升温曲线,考虑了两个约束刚度和两个荷载比,测量了钢柱受火过程中的温度、轴向位移和跨中挠度,并得到了约束Q460钢柱的屈曲温度和破坏温度,采用约束钢柱的轴力放大系数方法计算了试件的破坏温度并和试验结果进行对比.研究表明:轴向约束刚度和荷载比对Q460钢柱的抗火性能影响较大,相同荷载比下轴向约束刚度大的钢柱破坏温度低,相同约束刚度下荷载比大的钢柱破坏温度低;轴力放大系数方法可以确定约束高强度Q460钢柱的临界温度.     

高效低烟尘结构钢焊条的优化设计

采用正交优化设计的方法实现了对低烟尘结构钢焊条药皮配方的优化设计.通过对试验结果的直观和方差分析，建立焊条烟尘量与焊条药皮组分含量之间的线性回归方程，对目标函数求极值，从而获得合金的最优配方.焊条药皮中还加入了适量的铁粉，提高了焊条的熔覆速率.通过实验验证，所研制的低烟尘结构钢焊条的各项工艺性能良好，烟尘量降低到4.12 g/kg.焊缝熔覆金属的机械性能达到GB/T5117-1995标准.     

Predicting the martensite transformation start-temperature of low alloy steel based on fuzzy identification

A method of fuzzy identification based on T-S fuzzy model was proposed for predicting temperature Ms from chemical composition, austenitizing temperature and time for low alloy steel. The degree of membership of each sample was calculated with fuzzy clustering algorithm. Kalman filtering was used to identify the consequent parameters. Compared with the results obtained by empirical models based on the same data, the results by the fuzzy method showed good precision. The accuracy of the fuzzy model is almost 6 times higher than that of the best empirical model. The influence of alloying elements, austenitizing temperature and time on Ms was analyzed quantitatively by using the fuzzy model. It is shown that there exists a nonlinear relationship between the contents of alloying elements in steels and their Ms, and the effects of austenitizing temperature and time on Ms temperature cannot be neglected.     

回火温度对高强度容器钢组织结构与性能的影响

通过回火试验,研究了回火温度对高强度容器钢组织结构与力学性能的影响。研究表明：在550～670℃范围内,随着回火温度升高,钢板抗拉强度和屈服强度先增大后减小,延伸率和冲击韧性先减小后增大,这源于索氏体组织和碳化物的共同作用。