钡盐改性清洁型常温锌锰系磷化液

Q235钢铁试片在磷酸、氧化锌、硝酸锰、钼酸铵、硝酸钡等组成的钡盐改性锌锰系磷化液中常温快速磷化后,自然干燥3 h以上,生成了免水洗的彩色磷化膜。用SEM和EDS对磷化膜进行形貌和元素含量分析。结果表明,免水洗的磷化膜由铁、锌、锰、钡的磷酸盐及少量的钼酸盐等组成,膜晶粒尺寸≤3μm,膜连续、致密,膜重约1.1 g/m2,耐3%的NaCl溶液腐蚀约2.5 h,喷涂铁红环氧底漆后附着力达到一级。     

电泳涂装常温磷化工艺及磷化膜性能

在自制的低温锌系磷化液基础上,通过加入镍盐、锰盐和羧基聚合物,并以硝基苊为促进剂,研制出了一种适用于电泳涂装的低锌锰改性常温磷化工艺.用扫描电镜和能谱仪对低锌锰改性磷化膜与普通锌系磷化膜的形貌和组成进行对比分析.结果表明,该工艺制备出的磷化膜耐蚀性和耐碱性均优于普通锌系磷化膜;该磷化工艺可在常温下10min内在金属表面形成完整、致密、耐碱性好的磷化膜,它是由Zn3(PO4)2、FeZn2(PO4)2、Mn Zn2(PO4)2组成的椭球状磷酸盐晶体薄膜.     

清洁型免水洗常温锰钙钡系磷化液的研究

以磷酸二氢锰、硝酸钙、硝酸钡、钼酸钠等为原料配制锰钙钡系磷化液,对Q235钢铁试片进行常温磷化,磷化后免水洗,自然干燥3 h以上,获得了彩色锰钙钡系磷化膜。分析了磷化膜的形貌和组成,考察了磷化液pH值、磷化温度、磷化时间、磷化量等工艺条件对磷化膜性能的影响。结果表明,在磷化液pH值2.3～2.8、磷化温度5～40℃下浸渍磷化8～10 min,可生成连续、致密且颗粒细小的免水洗锰钙钡系磷化膜;磷化膜由Fe,Mn,Ca,Ba的磷酸盐及少量钼酸盐等组成,耐硫酸铜溶液腐蚀时间>85 s,膜质量0.9 g/m2左右,喷涂铁红环氧底漆后的涂层附着力达1级。     

免水洗常温锰系磷化膜的制备与性能

将Q235钢试片在磷酸二氢锰、硝酸锰、钼酸钠、氟硼酸钠等组成的锰系磷化液中常温磷化后,自然干燥3h,制备了免水洗的彩色锰系磷化膜。考察了磷化液pH、磷化时间、磷化温度等工艺参数对磷化膜耐腐蚀性能的影响,用SEM及EDS分析了磷化膜的形貌和组成。结果表明,在磷化液pH为2.3~3.1、磷化温度5~40℃下浸渍磷化5~12min,可生成均匀、致密的彩色锰系磷化膜,其在质量分数3%氯化钠溶液中的耐腐蚀时间90min。喷涂铁红环氧底漆后,漆膜耐冲击性能达50cm,漆膜的附着力为1级。     

钡盐改性常温锌钙系磷化液

通过扫描电镜及能谱仪(SEM EDS)扫描、氯化钠溶液腐蚀试验等方法研究了硝酸钡、SO24-对常温锌钙系磷化的影响。结果表明,磷化液中的SO24-会进入磷化膜,且不能通过水洗磷化膜清除,明显影响锌钙系磷化膜的性能,甚至引起磷化液报废;添加Ba2 ≤0.9g/L可有效除去磷化液中的SO24-;改变磷化膜的组成并提高磷化膜的耐蚀性能。     

清洁型铁系磷化膜的常温制备与表征

Q235钢铁试片在以磷酸、钼酸铵等组成的铁系磷化液中常温快速磷化后,自然干燥8h以上,生成了免水洗的彩色磷化膜。用SEM和EDS对磷化膜进行形貌和元素含量分析。结果表明：免水洗的磷化膜由Fe^3＋的氧化物、磷酸盐及少量的钼酸盐等组成,膜晶粒尺寸≤3μm,膜连续、致密,膜重约0．8g／m^2,耐3％的NaCl溶液腐蚀约2h以上,喷涂铁红环氧底漆后附着力达1级。     

常温铁系磷化工艺研究

对常温铁系磷化液进行了研究,通过正交试验和综合评定法确定了一种常温磷化液的介质组成及相应的工艺参数,同时讨论了时间、温度和促进剂等因素对磷化膜质量的影响。结果表明,此磷化液在常温下,8~20min即可在热轧钢上生成一层均匀、致密、耐蚀性良好的磷化膜。     

中温新型磷化液的研制

研制了一种新型中温锌系磷化液,确定了磷化液的配方组成,通过硫酸铜点滴法和失重法对磷化膜进行了评定.分析讨论了酸度、促进剂、温度等因素对磷化膜质量的影响.磷化膜结晶均匀、致密,呈灰黑色,耐蚀性较为理想.磷化液为单组分,具有易于操作、无需进行表面调整、节省工作时间等优点,适用于大批量钢管工件的磷化生产.     

冷轧A3钢薄板的稀土复合锌系低温磷化

为配制出成膜质量更佳的涂装用磷化液,从锌系磷化膜形成机理出发,分析了改善其低温成膜效果的可能途径;通过高效促进剂和磷化工艺参数的优选,开发出一种实用性强的钢铁工件涂漆前处理--含稀土复合促进剂的低温锌系磷化新工艺.研究表明:家电外壳广泛采用的冷轧A3钢薄板经此LZP快速磷化液处理后,所得防锈涂装底层实用效果良好.在含1.0～2.0g/L 稀土促进剂的磷化液中,A3钢薄板经40℃、3～4min喷淋处理后可获得厚约3μm的磷化膜,其结晶细小致密、与基体结合力强、抗蚀性好.磷化后经在线涂漆,对应漆膜抗冲击性、耐蚀性和附着性能良好.     

酒石酸钾钠对镁合金表面磷化膜耐蚀性的影响

为进一步提高镁合金表面磷化膜的耐蚀性,在磷酸二氢铵和高锰酸钾组成的磷化液中加入酒石酸钾钠,通过扫描电镜和能谱分析分别对磷化膜的表面形貌和组成元素进行观察和测试,通过电化学阻抗谱和极化曲线对磷化膜的耐蚀性进行考察。结果表明,酒石酸钾钠加入到磷化液中以后,磷化膜表面的微裂纹数量明显减少,表面更加平整、致密,膜电阻和电荷转移阻力明显增大,减少了腐蚀介质渗入到基体的通道,增大了腐蚀性离子的迁移阻力。同时,磷化膜中Mn、O和P等元素含量的增加,磷化膜中含有更多镁的磷酸盐和锰的氧化物,使磷化膜的耐蚀性进一步提高。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。