日本高倍甜度甜味剂的市场动向

主要介绍了日本高倍甜度甜味剂——阿斯巴甜、甜菊甙、三氯蔗糖和安赛蜜等的市场动向。     

非营养型甜味剂安全性研究进展

甜味剂是能使食物具有甜味非糖类物质,目前世界上广泛使用甜味剂有20余种,我国已批准使用的约15种。非营养型甜味剂是指与蔗糖甜度相等时含量其热值低于蔗糖热值2%物质,该文介绍食品工业常用几种非营养型甜味剂:糖精钠、安赛蜜、阿斯巴甜、甜蜜素,对其安全性的研究进展进行论述,以便为选择合适甜味剂提供参考。     

人工合成甜味剂的特点及其发展趋势

甜味剂是一类能赋予食品甜味的食品添加剂,按其来源可分为天然甜味剂和人工合成甜味剂,其中人工合成甜味剂又分为磺胺类、二肽类、蔗糖衍生物三类。人工合成甜味剂由于在人体内不进行代谢吸收、不提供热量或因为其用量极低而热量供应少且甜度是蔗糖的几十倍至几千倍,又被称为非营养型甜味剂或高倍(高甜度)甜味剂。目前,我国经全国食品添加剂标准化技术委员会审定,由卫生部批准实施的食品添加剂使用卫生标准GB2760中允许使用的人工合成甜味剂共计7种,其中在市场上比较常见的有糖精钠、甜蜜素、安赛蜜、阿斯巴甜、三氯蔗糖等。     

甜味剂的市场现状与复配意义

近年来,由于蔗糖价格的不断上涨,以及人们饮食观念的改变（追求低热量的食品）,甜味剂替代蔗糖的趋势日益显著。甜味剂是赋予食品甜味的一类十分重要的食品添加剂,由于它甜度高,且热量低．市场前景非常广阔。目前世界上允许使用的单体甜味剂约有20多种。主要有甜蜜素、三氯蔗糖、K糖（安赛蜜）、阿斯巴甜、阿力甜、纽甜、糖精、甘草甜素、甜菊苷、罗汉果甜苷和索马甜等。     

无糖饮料 靠它减肥还得悠着点

无糖食品≠零热量 通过对比含糖饮料和无糖饮料上的标签可以看出,常规饮料配料加入了蔗糖(白砂糖)、果葡糖浆或高果糖玉米糖浆等,而无糖饮料加入的是代糖,如阿斯巴甜、甜蜜素、食用糖精、安赛蜜之类的甜味剂.     

低热量甜味剂——阿斯巴甜

<正> 目前,食品市场上作为商品的主要甜味剂有糖精、蔗糖、甜叶菊苷、甜蜜素、阿斯巴甜等,其中阿斯巴甜以其口感纯、热量低、安全性高的优点尤受各国食品专家的赏识和推崇。 两年前,味之素(香港)有限公司(Ajinomoto)在中国推出阿斯巴甜。据味之素(香港)经理加藤忠宽(Tadahiro Kato)说:‘阿斯巴甜的甜度约为砂糖的200倍。我们在中国的客户主要把阿斯巴甜应用于果汁及饮料中,而在欧美,阿斯巴甜应用得较普遍的是可乐饮料。’     

阿斯巴甜与混合甜味剂展开市场较量

<正> 阿斯巴甜又名甜味素(Aspartame),属于食品添加剂中的甜味剂类,甜度为蔗糖的80～200倍,是高甜度、低热量的甜味剂。长期以来,我们都把阿斯巴甜作为高强度甜味剂市场中一个最为成功的范例,更被作为商业学校中学习食品成分标示的标准成分之一。然而,目前市场已对阿斯巴甜高速的增长敲响了警钟。究竟是什么原因使阿斯巴甜的销售发展向下滑落?阿斯巴甜的生产商如何应对?全球高强度甜味剂市场发展的趋势如何? 在过去的20年间,高强度甜味剂在全球甜味剂市场的份额不断增长,获得了巨大的收益。图一综合了     

澳洲坚果乳饮料配方的研究

通过正交试验研究澳洲坚果乳饮料的工艺配方,结果表明澳洲坚果饮料最佳调配配方为:增稠稳定剂为单甘酯0.25%、蔗糖酯0.75%、海藻酸钠0.01%,沉淀率最低;最佳甜味剂配方为蛋白糖0.02%、阿斯巴甜0.005%、白糖4%,甜度适中。     

不爱吃水果?或因甜味剂

正孩子不喜欢吃水果?英国营养学家警告说,这可能是因为他们从小习惯了零食中人造甜味剂阿斯巴甜的味道。阿斯巴甜上世纪80年代开始获准使用,甜度是蔗糖的大约200倍,但由于几乎不含卡路里,被广泛用于数以千计种类的食品和饮料,包括无糖饮料、燕麦片、口香糖等。牛津大学饮食与人口健康专业教授苏珊·杰布说,不少家长为了避免孩子摄入过多卡路里,总是选择那些用甜味剂代替糖     

加热对阿斯巴甜的甜度影响研究

纯的阿斯巴甜甜度是蔗糖的200倍,甜味和蔗糖非常相近,被广泛用作甜味剂。但阿斯巴甜受热后会被部分水解直至完全丧失甜味,本研究通过改变加热程度,探索加热对阿斯巴甜甜度的影响情况。     

Sensory Studies of High Potency Multiple Sweetener Systems for Shortbread Cookies with and without Polydextrose

Time-intensity (TI) sweetness and bitterness curves determined for six potent sweetener combinations with and without polydextrose were compared to sucrose in shortbread cookies. Hardness, fracturability and cohesiveness of shortbreads were determined. Sweetener combinations of aspartame/cyclamate, aspartame/cyclamate/saccharin, acesulfame K/saccharin, aspartame/saccharin/acesulfame K, acesulfame K/aspartame and aspartame/saccharin gave sweetener TI profiles similar to that of sucrose. Bitterness TI profiles were similar for all potent sweetener combinations but higher than for sucrose. Polydextrose increased hardness and fracturability and decreased cohesiveness of cookies compared to those made with high potency sweeteners without polydextrose. Textural characteristics of polydextrose cookies approached those of sucrose shortbreads.     

Formulation optimisation of a whey lemon beverage using a blend of the sweeteners aspartame and saccharin

Product formulations based on combinations of two sweeteners were optimised in a sweetened paneer whey lemon beverage (WLB) by organoleptic panels. The binary sweetener blend aspartame/saccharin (70:30, 0.0425%) scored the highest based upon comparison with the best‐optimised single sweetener aspartame (0.07%) in WLB and had nonsignificant differences with the control WLB sweetened with sucrose in all sensory attributes. This best binary blend showed maximum synergy in sweetness intensity (14.4%) and overall acceptability (7.5%) in respect of a single sweetener aspartame. The multiple‐sweetener approach involving use of binary blend (0.0425%) resulted in 39% reduction of usage level when compared with single sweetener aspartame (0.07%).     

Sensory Characteristics of Sucralose and other High Intensity Sweeteners

The sensory characteristics of the high potency sweetener sucralose were studied relative to sucrose, aspartame, saccharin, and acesulfame-K in a simple aqueous system. Trained panelists provided sweetness intensity estimates for each sweetener at six concentration steps using magnitude estimation. Taste profiles were obtained using category scaling procedures. Results indicated that (a) sucralose, aspartame, and sucrose had similar taste properties, (b) the psychophysical sweetness function of sucralose was similar to the other sweeteners studied, and (c) sweetness potencies of all sweeteners were concentration dependent with sucralose having the highest potency values ranging from 400–700 times the sweetness of sucrose on a weight basis.     

High‐intensity sweeteners in espresso coffee: ideal and equivalent sweetness and time–intensity analysis

The efficient substitution of sucrose by a sweetener in beverages requires the application of some sensory techniques. First, one must determine the concentrations of the sweeteners under study, equivalent in sweetness to the ideal sucrose concentration. In addition, it is fundamental to determine which is most similar to sucrose. The objectives of this study were to determine the ideal sweetness for espresso coffee and the equivalent concentrations in sweetness of different sweeteners, as well as characterise the time–intensity profile of each sweetener in relation to sweetness. The sweeteners evaluated were sucralose, aspartame, neotame, a cyclamate/saccharin mixture (2:1) and stevia. The sucrose concentration considered ideal by consumers was 12.5% (w/v), and the equivalent concentrations of the sweeteners were 0.0159% for sucralose, 0.0549% for aspartame, 0.0016% for neotame, 0.0359% for the cyclamate/saccharin mixture and 0.0998% for stevia. The time–intensity analysis indicated that possibly the sweeteners neotame, aspartame and sucralose would be the best substitutes for sucrose.     

Addition of sucralose enhances the release of satiety hormones in combination with pea protein

Scope Exposing the intestine to proteins or tastants, particularly sweet, affects satiety hormone release. There are indications that each sweetener has different effects on this release, and that combining sweeteners with other nutrients might exert synergistic effects on hormone release. Methods and results STC‐1 cells were incubated with acesulfame‐K, aspartame, saccharine, sucralose, sucrose, pea, and pea with each sweetener. After a 2‐h incubation period, cholecystokinin(CCK) and glucagon‐like peptide 1 (GLP‐1) concentrations were measured. Using Ussing chamber technology, the mucosal side of human duodenal biopsies was exposed to sucrose, sucralose, pea, and pea with each sweetener. CCK and GLP‐1 levels were measured in basolateral secretions. In STC‐1 cells, exposure to aspartame, sucralose, sucrose, pea, and pea with sucralose increased CCK levels, whereas GLP‐1 levels increased after addition of all test products. Addition of sucrose and sucralose to human duodenal biopsies did not affect CCK and GLP‐1 release; addition of pea stimulated CCK and GLP‐1 secretion. Conclusion Combining pea with sucrose and sucralose induced even higher levels of CCK and GLP‐1. Synchronous addition of pea and sucralose to enteroendocrine cells induced higher levels of CCK and GLP‐1 than addition of each compound alone. This study shows that combinations of dietary compounds synergize to enhance satiety hormone release.     

阿斯巴甜衍生物甜味剂的合成研究

在成功合成纽甜的基础上,以肉桂醛与阿斯巴甜为原料制备了3-苯基丙烷衍生物为取代基的阿斯巴甜衍生物甜味剂的模拟化合物,并且依据此合成工艺,以4-甲氧基肉桂醛和阿斯巴甜为原料,制得甜度与纽甜相当的3-(4-甲氧基苯基)-丙基阿斯巴甜,产率为66.0%。此合成工艺简单、产率高,对研究3-苯基丙烷衍生物为取代基的阿斯巴甜衍生物甜味剂的合成具有积极的意义。     

Stability, Physico-Chemical, Microbial and Sensory Properties of Sweetener/Sweetener Blends in Lassi During Storage

Storage studies of artificially sweetened lassi samples revealed that the binary sweetener aspartame × acesulfame-k blend (0.05% equivalence, 50:50, 0.05%*) was the best blend as it resembled control in all the sensory attributes up to 5 days of storage. Increase in acidity and viscosity and decrease in pH of artificially sweetened lassi samples was similar to control lassi during storage and was not influenced by the addition of sweetener/sweetener blends. The decrease in lactic and increase in yeast and mold counts obtained during storage of lassi were highly influenced by sucrose. Analysis of aspartame, acesulfame-k, saccharin, and sucralose added, either singly or in blends in lassi, showed their stability throughout the storage period as analyzed over high performance liquid chromatography/high pressure thin layer chromatography plates.     

A comparison of aspartame and sucrose with respect to carryover effects in yogurt

Sensory profiling tests were carried out on natural, unsweetened yogurt consumed directly after yogurt sweetened with sucrose, aspartame or mixtures of aspartame + acesulfame K. There was no evidence that residual sweetness or bitterness from aspartame, either alone or blended, was perceived in the natural yogurt although sourness appeared to be masked. Natural yogurt had the highest bitter aftertaste when preceded by yogurt containing sucrose, which was explained as a contrast effect. In repeated consumption tests, flavored fruit yogurts tended to increase in sweetness and decrease in sourness over the rounds of repeated consumption, independent of sweetener type. Commercial samples of strawberry yogurt were not separated into groups according to sweetener type by a simple grouping test.     

A COMPARISON OF ARTIFICIAL SWEETENERS' STABILITY IN A LIME-LEMON FLAVORED CARBONATED BEVERAGE

Three intense sweeteners, aspartame, acesulfame‐K and sucralose, were incorporated singly in lime‐lemon flavored carbonated beverage in optimized concentrations on a sucrose equivalence basis at controlled pH conditions. The beverages were stored for 60 days at 4, 27 and 37C and the sweetener concentration determined by HPLC. The loss of aspartame was maximum (29.5%) while that of sucralose was minimum (1.9%) at the end of 60 days' storage at 37C. In the case of acesulfame‐K, the loss was 6.1%. Sucralose was more stable than the other sweeteners.     

超高倍甜味剂N-[3-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙基]-阿斯巴甜的合成研究

开发安全,低成本,高甜度,性质稳定的甜味剂是食品工业的发展方向。文中从甜味机理出发,以3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯丙醛与阿斯巴甜为原料,通过钯碳催化,合成了N-[3-(3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯基)丙基]-阿斯巴甜。其中,由于疏水基团引入,甜度显著提高,约是蔗糖的23000倍,且合成工艺简单,产率高,为国内高倍甜味剂大型工业化提供了广阔前景。另外,文中还着重论述了重要中间体3-羟基-4-甲氧基苯丙醛制备,得率为49.8%,为开发新产品奠定了基础。