大豆油乳状液体系氧化稳定性影响因素的研究

研究了乳状液体系中不饱和脂肪酸的氧化机制，重点探讨了乳化剂种类、用量、pH和EDTA对大豆油乳化体系（O／W）氧化稳定性的影响。结果显示：乳化剂种类和pH对于乳状液体系的氧化稳定性有显著影响，对于阴离子乳化剂SDS稳定的乳状液，pH4．0的氧化速率比pH7．0和9．0快得多；对于非离子乳化剂Tween20稳定的乳状液，pH的影响不显著；对于阳离子乳化剂CTAB稳定的乳状液，随着pH的升高，氧化速率变快；同时在pH4．0条件下，氧化速率SDS〉CTAB〉Tween20，而在pH7．0和9．0条件下，氧化速率CTAB〉SDS≌Tween20。乳状液体系中自带的微量金属离子对于体系也有相当大的影响，随着金属离子螯合剂EDTA浓度的增加，其乳状液氧化速率显著降低。乳化剂用量也会影响体系的氧化稳定性，随着乳化剂用量的增加，乳状液的氧化稳定性变差，这种稳定性的弱化是由于粒径变小、油滴表面积增大引起的。     

甜菜果胶制备藻油乳化液及其稳定性研究

藻油富含对人体非常重要的多不饱和脂肪酸DHA（二十二碳六烯酸）,但其极易被光、热和氧等因素诱使发生氧化反应。防止氧化反应发生,制备成稳定的油／水乳化液将其包埋成为其在食品中应用的关键问题。本研究采用甜菜果胶为乳化剂对其进行乳化包埋,研究了乳化条件如乳化剂量、油水比率、pH和均质条件对乳化液稳定性的影响。结果表明,最适的乳化条件为：乳化剂添加量在2．5％以上,油水比1：10,pH〉5,35MPa压力下均质3个循环得到比较稳定的乳化液。     

磷脂微胶囊化乳化液稳定性的研究

本文主要研究磷脂微胶囊化过程中乳化液稳定性的影响因素、乳化液稳定性表征及磷脂微胶囊化乳化液制备条件.随着乳化液中干物质浓度增加,乳化液稳定性增强,浓度超过35%时稳定性减弱;干物质浓度与乳化液黏度呈指数关系.芯材(磷脂)含量低于70%时,芯材含量的变化对乳化液稳定性影响不显著.乳化温度的升高有利于乳化稳定性.均质时间的延长和压力的增加都会增强乳化稳定性,但乳化时间超过10 min,压力超过45 MPa后,均质条件的变化对乳化稳定性的作用甚小.试验结果证明:乳化液微粒大小、黏度、电导率、吸光度能有效表征磷脂微胶囊化乳化液的稳定性.磷脂微胶囊化稳定乳化液的制备条件:干物质含量30%,乳化温度40℃,芯材(磷脂)含量60%,乳化温度40℃,均质压力45 MPa,均质时间10 min,乳化剂为吐温与司班的混合物(HLB 8),乳化剂添加量0.1%.     

再生纤维素凝胶对乳清分离蛋白预乳化液稳定性的影响

利用再生纤维素（regenerated cellulose,RC）凝胶改善蛋白质预乳化液的乳化稳定性。考察添加量分别为0%、0.4%、0.8%、1.2%、1.6%的RC对乳清分离蛋白（whey protein isolate,WPI）-橄榄油预乳化液乳化稳定性、乳化活性、粒度大小、微观结构、流变特性的影响。结果表明,添加RC可以显著提高WPI预乳化液的乳化稳定性及乳化活性（P＜0.05）,RC添加量为0.8%时可以有效抑制乳化液的分层现象;随着RC添加量的增加,乳化液粒度大小及絮凝程度显著降低（P＜0.05）;乳化液流变学特性显示RC具有很好的增稠作用和凝胶性能。结果表明RC的添加对于WPI-预乳化液稳定性有很大影响,预乳化液中添加1.2% RC,可以有效增加乳化液黏度,获得较强的凝胶网络结构,显著降低粒度,改善乳化液稳定性。     

藻油乳化液的制备及稳定性研究

藻油富含对人体非常重要的多不饱和脂肪酸DHA(二十二碳六烯酸),将其制备成稳定的油/水乳化液成为其在乳品中应用的关键问题。采用蔗糖酯为乳化剂对其进行乳化包埋,研究乳化条件如乳化剂量、油水比率、pH和及均质条件对乳化液稳定性的影响。结果表明最适的乳化条件为:乳化剂添加量在5%以上,油水比1∶10(质量比,g∶g),pH5,35 MPa压力下均质3个循环得到比较稳定的乳化液。     

茶多酚与大豆分离蛋白对复合乳化体系性质的影响

采用单因素试验研究了茶多酚(TP)添加量、pH值、油添加量、大豆分离蛋白(SPI)浓度对TP-SPI复合乳液的乳化活性、稳定性和抗氧化性等性质的影响,为制备不同需求的复合乳化体系条件选择提供理论依据。研究表明:随着TP添加量的增加,复合乳液的乳化稳定性和抗氧化性增强,对乳化活性影响不显著;随着油量的增加,复合乳液的乳化活性和抗氧化性降低,乳化稳定性先增强后降低;随着pH值的增加,复合乳液的乳化活性和稳定性先降低后增强,其乳化活性和乳化稳定性在碱性条件下比在酸性条件下强,抗氧化能力变化则与之相反;随着SPI的浓度增大,复合乳液的乳化活性和乳化稳定性增强,对抗氧化性的影响不显著。     

乳化剂、油浓度及油滴粒径对乳状液中油脂氧化稳定性的影响

以过氧化值(POV)为指标,研究了乳化剂类型、油浓度及油滴粒径对O/W乳状液中油脂氧化稳定性的影响.以用十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)和Tween-80为乳化剂制备的含红花籽油的乳状液为研究对象,结果表明,乳化剂类型和油浓度对乳状液体系中油脂氧化有较显著的影响.用阴离子型表面活性剂SDS稳定的乳状液中的油脂氧化速率明显大于用非离子型Tween-80稳定的乳状液;随着油浓度下降,油脂氧化速率增大.油滴粒径和油脂氧化速率没有显著的相关性.     

辛烯基琥珀酸桃胶酯的某些功能性质的研究

为了使辛烯基琥珀酸桃胶酯(OSPG)在食品中得到很好的应用,本文研究了OSPG的用量、蔗糖、NaCl、柠檬酸对乳化液稳定性和粘度的影响,比较了OSPG与辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的耐酸性和耐热性。结果表明,随着OSPG浓度的增大,其乳化性增强;蔗糖会增加OSPG溶液的粘度,达到一定量时(>5%)会降低其乳化性;NaCl能降低OSPG溶液的粘度;柠檬酸和NaCl均能增强OSPG的乳化性;OSPG溶液在pH=2~5,60℃下水解2h,或在80~100℃水浴中水解1h,均未检测到还原糖的生成。这些结果表明:OSPG具有优良的稳定性和乳化性能,可以用作乳化剂类的食品添加剂。      

辛烯基琥珀酸桃胶酯的某些功能性质的研究

为了使辛烯基琥珀酸桃胶酯(OSPG)在食品中得到很好的应用,本文研究了OSPG的用量、蔗糖、NaCl、柠檬酸对乳化液稳定性和粘度的影响,比较了OSPG与辛烯基琥珀酸淀粉酯的耐酸性和耐热性.结果表明,随着OSPG浓度的增大,其乳化性增强;蔗糖会增加OSPG溶液的粘度,达到一定量时(＞5%)会降低其乳化性;NaCl能降低OSPG溶液的粘度;柠檬酸和NaCl均能增强OSPG的乳化性;OSPG溶液在pH=2～5,60℃下水解2h,或在80～100℃水浴中水解1h,均未检测到还原糖的生成.这些结果表明:OSPG具有优良的稳定性和乳化性能,可以用作乳化剂类的食品添加剂.     

淀粉对鸡胸肉盐溶性蛋白乳化特性的影响

添加不同质量分数淀粉处理鸡胸肉盐溶性蛋白,研究淀粉含量对鸡胸肉蛋白质乳化特性的影响。结果表明：随着淀粉质量分数的增加,处理组淀粉蛋白乳化液的乳化活性和乳化稳定性均先上升后下降,乳化液中D10、D50和D90的粒径值逐渐降低,剪应力和黏度均为先下降后上升。此外,随着剪切速率的升高,不同处理组剪应力逐渐增加,而黏度均先下降随后趋于稳定。相关性分析结果表明：乳化液中淀粉质量分数与微粒D10的粒径（相关系数r＝－0.598）成极显著负相关（P＜0.01）,乳化活性与微粒D50的粒径（相关系数r＝0.549）、微粒D90的粒径（相关系数r＝0.558）均成显著正相关（P＜0.05）。这些结果说明适宜含量的淀粉添加至鸡胸肉盐溶性蛋白中,使得乳化液体系更稳定,形成的淀粉-蛋白质复合物会影响鸡胸肉蛋白质的加工特性。     

Iron-Catalyzed Oxidation of Menhaden Oil as Affected by Emulsifiers

The ability of Tween 20 and whey protein isolate (WPI) to influence lipid oxidation was investigated by evaluating the effects of emulsifier concentration and physical location on iron-catalyzed oxidation of emulsified Menhaden oil. Addition of Tween 20 or WPI to the aqueous phase of a 0.5 wt% Tween 20 stabilized emulsion increased lipid oxidation as determined by both thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and lipid peroxides. Tween 20 (2.0 wt%) and WPI (0.05–1.0 wt%) combinations inhibited TBARS formation 23–60%. Oxidation of a WPI-stabilized emulsion decreased with decreasing pH (3–7) but in a Tween 20 stabilized emulsion oxidation increased with decreasing pH. The low oxidation rate for the WPI-stabilized emulsion at pH 3 was increased when Tween 20 displaced WPI from the droplet interface. Results indicate that the oxidative stability of emulsifed Menhaden oil could be increased by controlling emulsifier type, location and concentration.     

Effects of water-soluble soybean polysaccharide on rheological properties,stability and lipid digestibility of oil-in-water emulsion during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

Water-soluble soybean polysaccharide (SSPS) is a naturally occurring emulsifier. SSPS was used as the sole emulsifier to stabilize an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion. The effects were investigated of different SSPS concentrations (3–20% (w/w)) on the lipid digestibility, rheological properties and stability of O/W emulsions during in vitro digestion model. The droplet size of the emulsions tended to increase during the oral phase because the emulsions were unstable and droplets coalesced, except with a SSPS concentration of 20% (w/w). The presence of SSPS markedly reduced the free fatty acid (FFA) content after its stabilized O/W emulsion passed through in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. The amount of FFA significantly decreased as the concentration of SSPS increased due to SSPS stabilization film on oil droplet surface and high viscous system. SSPS may be an attractive alternative ingredient to control the lipid digestibility of emulsions for various food products.     

马铃薯蛋白水解物对不同乳化剂制备O/W乳状液氧化稳定性的影响

用Fenton催化氧化体系模拟氧化,催化剂FeCl3,H2O2,VC的浓度分别为5、5、0.1mmol/L,以脂肪氧化产物丙二醛为指标,考察了马铃薯蛋白和不同乳化剂(非离子乳化剂Tween20、阴离子乳化剂卵磷脂和大分子乳化剂酪蛋白酸钠)共乳化制备得到的乳状液的氧化稳定性,并测定了相应乳状液的乳化稳定性。酪蛋白酸钠和马铃薯水解蛋白作为乳化剂得到的乳状液氧化稳定性较好,而Tween20和马铃薯蛋白水解物作为乳化剂得到的乳状液物理稳定性较高。     

Effects of emulsifier charges on the oxidative stability in oil-in-water emulsions under riboflavin photosensitization

The oxidative stability in oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions containing different emulsifier charges was tested under riboflavin photosensitization by analysis of headspace oxygen content and lipid hydroperoxides. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), Tween 20, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were selected as anionic, neutral, and cationic emulsifiers, respectively. The O/W emulsions containing CTAB had lower oxidative stability than those with SDS and Tween 20. The addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, a well-known metal chelator, increased the oxidative stability in O/W emulsions, irrespective of emulsifier charges. Oxidative stability in Tween 20-stabilized emulsions decreased in FeCl₃ and FeCl₂ concentration-dependent manner. However, oxidative stability in samples containing CTAB increased up to 0.5mM of FeCl₃ and FeCl₂ and then decreased, which implies that CTAB act differently during lipid oxidation compared to SDS and Tween 20.     

共轭亚油酸多重乳状液的制备及稳定性研究

以多重乳状液相对体积为衡量标准,借助显微镜直接观察,探讨油水相质量比、亲油亲水乳化剂质量比、乳化剂的HLB值、乳化剂的含量等因素对共轭亚油酸多重乳状液体系稳定性的影响.结果表明,单一乳化剂体系中,以Tween80作亲水乳化剂制备的多重乳状液稳定性较好.当m(内水相):m(油相):m(外水相)=1:5:1.3,m(Span80):m(Tween80)=9,乳化剂的含量为9.7%时,多重乳液相对体积达到93%.复合乳化剂体系中,在第一相的HLB值为7.4,m(复合乳化剂):m(Tween80)=9,乳化剂质量分数为6.67%时,稳定性最好.     

二十二碳六烯酸微藻油乳状液稳定性的影响因素

以二十二碳六烯酸(docosahexenoic acid,DHA)微藻油微胶囊化过程中形成的乳状液为研究对象,通过测定乳状液稳定性、界面膜强度、界面张力、粒径和Zeta-电位,探究乳化剂、pH值和金属离子对乳状液稳定性的影响.结果表明,司盘80与吐温60复配的乳状液亲水亲油平衡(hydrophile-lipophile...     

Antioxidant and emulsifying properties of potato protein hydrolysate in soybean oil-in-water emulsions

The efficacy of a previously developed antioxidative potato protein hydrolysate (PPH) for the stabilisation of oil droplets and inhibition of lipid oxidation in soybean oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions was investigated. Emulsions (10% lipid, pH 7.0) with PPH-coated oil droplets were less stable than those produced with Tween 20 (P < 0.05). However, the presence of PPH, whether added before or after homogenisation with Tween 20, retarded emulsion oxidation, showing reduced formation of peroxides up to 53.4% and malonaldehyde-equivalent substances up to 70.8% after 7-d storage at 37 °C (P < 0.05), when compared with PPH-free emulsions. In the emulsions stabilised by PPH + Tween 20, 8–15% of PPH was distributed at the interface. Adjustment of the pH from 3 to 7 markedly increased ζ-potential of such emulsions (P < 0.05). Inhibition of lipid oxidation by PPH in soybean O/W emulsions can be attributed to both chemical and physical (shielding) actions.     

EFFECT OF EMULSION DROPLETS ON THE RHEOLOGY OF WHEY PROTEIN ISOLATE GELS

The effects of droplet size and emulsifier type on the rheology of whey protein isolate (WPI) gels containing emulsion droplets was studied. Gels were prepared by dispersing droplets of corn oil (20 wt%, d₃₂= 0.7 – 4 μm) in a 10 wt% WPI solution (pH 7.0, 50 mM NaCl), and heating at 90C for 15 min. Gel strength was determined by measuring the stress of gels at 20% compression using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. Droplets stabilized by WPI increased the gel strength, those stabilized by non-ionic surfactants (Tween 20 and Triton X-100) decreased it slightly, and those stabilized by SDS decreased it drastically. Gel strength increased as the droplet size decreased for droplets stabilized by WPI, but was relatively insensitive to the size of droplets stabilized by the small molecule surfactants. These observations may be explained in terms of the interactions between the emulsifiers and the protein network. Droplets coated with emulsifiers which can be incorporated into the protein network reinforce the structure and so increase gel strength, whereas droplets coated with emulsifiers which cannot be incorporated into the protein network disrupt the three dimensional structure of the gel and decrease its strength.     

W/O/W型复乳的制备优化及包埋矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷效果分析

研究制备方法和乳化剂对W/O/W型复乳稳定性的影响,优化工艺参数,并研究体系包埋矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷（cyanidin-3-glucoside,C-3-G）的效果。得到优化条件：初乳搅拌速率15 500 r/min、复乳搅拌速率7 000 r/min、油相乳化剂聚甘油蓖麻醇酯添加量16%、亲水性乳化剂的亲水亲油平衡值10、亲水性乳化剂添加量10%,优化后离心保留率达到80.25%。利用优化得到的复乳体系包裹C-3-G,发现复乳对C-3-G有良好的包裹能力,复乳对C-3-G的载药量为1 500 mg/L,包封率为98.08%,且C-3-G的包埋提高内水相渗透压和复乳稳定性。     

三种乳化剂对橄榄油乳液稳定性的影响

乳化剂因亲水亲油平衡值的不同对油脂乳化效果表现出固有的差异,但这种差异会因加入辅助剂的影响而发生改变。以非离子型表面活性剂单甘酯、蔗糖酯和吐温20为乳化剂,以白果直链淀粉及阿拉伯胶(质量比1∶1)为辅助剂,对橄榄油进行乳化,考察了辅助剂加入前后在不同制备方法(先油后水和先水后油工艺)和乳化剂添加量下乳液的稳定性。结果表明:单独使用乳化剂时,经外观观察,在三种乳化剂添加量相同时,吐温20的橄榄油乳液稳定性较好,其次为蔗糖酯、单甘酯;加入辅助剂后,乳液的乳化状态较单一加入乳化剂的好,乳液黏度、粒径和浑浊度均随着乳化剂添加量的增大呈先减小后增加趋势,且在相同添加量下,由蔗糖酯制备的橄榄油乳液黏度较低,粒径和浑浊度较小,稳定性较好,吐温20及单甘酯次之;辅助剂加入前后,先油后水工艺制备的橄榄油乳液的稳定性总体优于先水后油工艺的。