香菇抗氧化成分提取及其在牛肉糜中作用研究

利用静止提取法、恒温回流法、超声波法及恒温水浴提取法对香菇抗氧化成分进行提取,采用测定吸光度值来计算自由基清除率,确定出提取香菇抗氧化成分的最佳方法是超声波法,通过响应面方法对提取工艺条件进行优化,并将香菇提取液应用于牛肉糜中,从pH值、硫代巴比妥酸反应物质(TBARs)、色度及高铁肌红蛋白含量(metMb)变化来评价香菇提取物对生牛肉糜抗氧化性能.结果表明:超声波法提取香菇抗氧化成分最佳工艺条件为料液比1:49.46,超声时间119.4min,超声功率421.62w,随着时间的延长,香菇提取物对牛肉糜有一定抗氧化作用.     

香菇多糖提取工艺的优化及其抗氧化活性研究

为了提高香菇多糖的得率和抗氧化活性,本文采用超声波辅助法提取香菇多糖,在单因素实验的基础上,利用响应曲面法对提取工艺进行优化,并对优化条件下提取的香菇多糖进行体外抗氧化活性测定和结构分析。优化后的最佳提取工艺为超声时间50min、超声温度62℃、超声功率640W。此优化条件下香菇多糖的得率为7.34%,氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC值)为821.35μmol Trolox/g,实验测得数据与预测值无显著性差异。测定产物香菇多糖的羟基自由基的清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力和还原力,结果表明提取后的香菇多糖具有较高的抗氧化活性。进行红外光谱分析发现超声提取多糖具有多糖的特征吸收峰,说明化学结构没有明显改变。      

微波提取香菇多糖制备微胶囊的抑菌抗氧化活性研究

香菇多糖具有抗氧化、抗菌、增强免疫力等多种生物活性,具有很高的药用价值和研究价值。文章通过微波辅助进行多糖的提取,运用响应面法优化提取活性成分,并制备香菇多糖β-环糊精微胶囊,延缓香菇多糖释药速度,最大限度地发挥其生物活性。得出最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶40、微波功率119 W、微波提取时间4 min。微胶囊的最佳制备工艺为乳化剂添加量0.38%、包埋时间39 min、固形物质量浓度19.5 g/dL。所制备的微胶囊对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、大肠杆菌的抑制作用较强。DPPH自由基清除率达65.4%,羟自由基清除率达57.20%,具有较好的抗氧化性。抑菌活性与抗氧化活性与香菇多糖相比有增幅作用。结果表明,通过微波获得的香菇多糖制作的微胶囊作为新型天然抗菌抗氧化剂来使用具有巨大潜力。     

酶解香菇柄蛋白制备抗氧化肽的工艺研究

以香菇柄蛋白为原料,对其进行酶解以制备具有抗氧化活性的多肽,为香菇柄的精深加工提供理论基础。首先进行蛋白酶的筛选,在最佳蛋白酶为碱性蛋白酶的基础上进行酶解单因素实验,再运用四因素三水平的响应面分析法研究底物浓度、加酶量、pH、温度对提取工艺的影响,以DPPH自由基清除能力为响应值,确定酶解的最优条件为:底物浓度2%,加酶量4700 U/g,pH为8.3,酶解温度为55℃,酶解时间为2.5 h,此条件下的DPPH自由基清除率达到63.2%,即香菇柄多肽具有一定的抗氧化活性,可以为开发香菇柄产品提供依据。      

枣花蜜中抗氧化成分提取工艺优化

研究树脂提取枣花蜜中抗氧化成分的方法,包括蜂蜜提取条件、树脂筛选;蜂蜜与树脂比例、吸附流速对吸附的影响;洗脱剂体积分数、解吸流速、体积对解吸的影响,以期为充分提取蜂蜜中抗氧化成分提供实验依据。通过未吸附物和解吸物中抗氧化成分对DPPH自由基清除率的比较,确定采用XAD-2树脂最佳吸附和解吸条件为蜂蜜与树脂比例1:1(m/m),吸附流速1.0mL/min,洗脱剂80%乙醇,解吸流速4.0mL/min,洗脱体积2BV。     

超声细胞破碎辅助提取江永香菇多糖工艺及其抗氧化活性研究

为优化江永香菇多糖提取工艺,采用超声波细胞破碎辅以热水浸提,通过单因素试验考察超声时间、超声功率、料液比、浸提时间、浸提温度5个因素对香菇多糖得率的影响,以香菇多糖得率为响应值,采用响应面设计优化工艺,同时对提取的香菇多糖进行抗氧化活性研究。结果表明,提取的最佳工艺条件为:超声时间6 min、浸提温度78℃、浸提时间51 min。在此条件下,江永香菇多糖的得率可达到29.71%。超声波细胞破碎法辅以热水浸提得到的江永香菇多糖体外清除DPPH自由基能力的IC_(50)值为0.35 mg/mL,清除ABTS+自由基能力的IC_(50)值为1.76 mg/mL,相同浓度下,其DPPH自由基清除能力和ABTS~+自由基清除能力均高于热水回流法提取得到的江永香菇多糖。     

香菇总生物碱提取工艺优化及其抗氧化研究

采用快速溶剂萃取法(ASE)及响应面分析法对香菇总生物碱提取工艺进行了优化;采用体外抗氧化活性法测定生物碱的总抗氧化能力、超氧阴离子和DPPH·自由基清除能力,评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明:ASE的最佳提取工艺为乙醇浓度80%,提取温度140℃,静态萃取20 min,提取2次,吹洗体积80%,具有较好的提取效率;香菇总生物碱具有较强的抗氧化性。     

鲜品香菇柄中多糖闪式提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性研究

目的:开发香菇柄多糖的工业化生产。方法:以多糖得率为指标,采用均匀设计试验优化提取工艺,采用4种方法测定多糖抗氧化活性并与传统的热水浸提法进行比较。结果:闪式辅助热水浸提法提取香菇柄多糖最优工艺条件为闪式提取时间120 s,液料比(V_去离子水∶m_香菇柄)40∶1 (mL/g),热水浸提时间105 min,温度50℃,提取两次,此条件下多糖得率为(5.03±0.22)%,与模型预测值基本一致,是传统热水浸提法的1.82倍;香菇柄多糖具有较强的Fe³⁺还原能力、总抗氧化能力、羟自由基和DPPH自由基清除能力,且呈量效关系;闪式辅助热水浸提法所得多糖抗氧化活性强于传统热水浸提法。结论:闪式辅助热水浸提有利于香菇柄多糖提取,且能保持其抗氧化活性。     

香菇中酚类物质的微波提取工艺的研究

采用微波提取技术对香菇中的酚类物质进行提取,并通过单因素和正交试验对其提取工艺进行了优化。结果表明,最佳提取工艺为:乙醇体积浓度60%,微波功率400 W,微波时间30 s,料液比1∶25,此条件下香菇中酚类物质的提取率为9.24%。     

Toward the antioxidant and chemical characterization of mycorrhizal mushrooms from northeast Portugal

Abstract: Mushrooms are widely appreciated all over the world for their nutritional properties and pharmacological value as sources of important bioactive compounds. Mycorrhizal macrofungi associate with plant roots constituting a symbiotic relationship. This symbiosis could influence the production of secondary metabolites, including bioactive compounds. We focused on the evaluation of antioxidant potential and chemical composition of mycorrhizal mushrooms species from Northeast Portugal: Amanita caesarea, Amanita muscaria, Amanita pantherina, Chroogomphus fulmineus, Cortinarius anomalus, Cortinarius collinitus, Cortinarius violaceus, Lactarius quietus, Lactarius volemus, Russula sardonia, Suillus luteus, and Tricholoma ustale. A similar profile of metabolites was observed in the studied species with the order sugars > fat > ascorbic acid > phenolic compounds > tocopherols. Nevertheless, the samples revealed different compositions: prevalence of sugars in L. volemus, fat and ascorbic acid in A. muscaria, phenolic compounds in C. anomalus and tocopherols, and antioxidant activity in S. luteus. Practical Application: Chemical characterization of 12 mycorrhizal mushrooms was achieved. They are sources of nutraceuticals, such as sugars and fatty acids, and contain bioactive compounds, such as vitamins and phenolic acids. Edible species can be incorporated in diets as sources of antioxidants, while nonedible species can be explored as sources of bioactive metabolites.     

Nonvolatile taste components,nutritional values,bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of three wild Chanterelle mushrooms

The chemical compositions, nonvolatile taste components and nutritional compounds of three wild edible Chanterelle mushrooms (C. cibarius Fr (CcF), C. cinnabarinus schwein (CcS) and C. tubaeformis Fr (CtF)) were evaluated. Results showed Chanterelle mushrooms were good sources of proteins and carbohydrates with low energy. CcS was rich in trehalose in free sugars and glucose in soluble sugars. Monosodium glutamate‐like free amino acids and flavour 5′‐nucleotides indicated Chanterelle mushrooms had good taste. Based on their amino acids compositions and nutrition evaluations, CcF, CcS and CtF were significant sources of amino acids and protein. CtF showed better protein quality than CcF and CcS. Stearic and oleic acids showed high contents in three mushrooms, and higher unsaturated fatty acids were found in CcF. Three mushrooms had high contents of K, Ca and Mg, and low content of Na. Organic acid and phenolic acids of three mushrooms were identified, and antioxidant activities were evaluated.     

食用菌活性成分抗氧化机制的研究进展

细胞氧化会带来衰老与疾病,作为天然抗氧化剂来源的食用菌因富含多糖、三萜及酚类等活性成分,具有极大的开发潜力与药用价值。但食用菌中发挥抗氧化活性成分的构效关系尚不明确,其抗氧化成分是否围绕Kelch样环氧氯丙烷相关蛋白-1(Kelch like epichlorohydrin associated protein 1, Keap1)-核因子E2相关因子2(nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2, Nrf2)-抗氧化反应元件(antioxidant response element, ARE)和磷脂酰肌醇-3激酶(phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase, PI3K)-蛋白激酶B(protein kinase B, Akt)-Nrf2途径发挥活性尚不清晰,阻碍了食用菌的开发与利用。因此,本文围绕自由基清除、Fe²⁺氧化还原反应及酶活防御能力等抗氧化评价指标,综述近年来食用菌活性成分抗氧化机制,分类分析食用菌活性成分的组成与结构对抗氧化活性的影响,提出食用菌抗氧化成分挖掘领域亟待解决的科学问题,旨在为食用...     

芝麻叶中多酚的提取、成分分析及抗氧化活性

为了对芝麻叶的开发提供参考，以芝麻叶超微粉为原料，以芝麻叶多酚提取率为指标，通过单因素实验和响应面实验优化超声微波协同辅助提取芝麻叶多酚的工艺条件。采用HPLC测定了芝麻叶多酚中绿原酸、咖啡酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、柚皮苷含量，并测定了芝麻叶多酚的DPPH·、ABTS⁺·清除能力和Fe³⁺还原力。结果表明：芝麻叶多酚最佳提取工艺条件为料液比1∶30、乙醇体积分数70%、浸提温度45℃、超声功率160 W、超声时间25 min、微波功率400 W、微波时间2 min,在此条件下芝麻叶多酚提取率为4.46%;芝麻叶多酚中阿魏酸含量最高，为2.068 mg/g,未检出对香豆酸；芝麻叶多酚能够有效清除DPPH·及ABTS⁺·,也具有一定的Fe³⁺还原力。综上，芝麻叶多酚具有一定的抗氧化活性，可以通过超声微波辅助的方法从芝麻叶中高效提取。     

干燥方式对迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化物质 得率及抗氧化活性的影响

通过研究不同生长期对迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化物质（鼠尾草酸、鼠尾草酚和熊果酸）得率的影响筛选出最佳生长期,在此基础上测定不同干燥方式（阴干、烘干（45 ℃）和晾晒）下迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化物质得率,DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基清除能力和铁还原力,以考察不同干燥方式对迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化物质抗氧化活性的影响。结果表明：迷迭香抗氧化物质积累的最佳生长期为10个月,3种不同干燥方式中烘干处理的迷迭香所提脂溶性抗氧化物质的得率最大,DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基清除能力和铁还原力均最强,但弱于TBHQ,其清除DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基、羟自由基的半抑制浓度（IC50）分别为0.034、0.068、0.067 mg/mL。因此,采用生长期10个月、烘干处理的迷迭香所提脂溶性抗氧化物质具有较强的抗氧化活性,能较好地保留迷迭香脂溶性抗氧化物质,适用于工业生产。     

Tocopherols composition of Portuguese wild mushrooms with antioxidant capacity

The antioxidant composition and properties of 18 Portuguese wild mushrooms (Clitocybe alexandri, Cortinarius glaucopus, Fistulina hepatica, Hydnum repandum, Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca, Hypholoma capnoides, Laccaria amethystina, Laccaria laccata, Lactarius aurantiacus, Lactarius salmonicolor, Lepista inversa, Lepista sordida, Mycena rosea, Russula delica, Russula vesca, Suillus collinitus, Suillus mediterraneensis, Tricholoma sulphureum) were evaluated, in order to contribute to the overall characterisation of these products. Their radical-scavenging capacity, reducing power and inhibition of lipid peroxidation measured in liposome solutions was fully studied. Furthermore, the tocopherols composition was determined by HPLC-fluorescence. The analysed mushrooms contain powerful antioxidants such as phenols (0.51–7.90 mg/g) and tocopherols (0.02–8.04 μg/g). β-Tocopherol was the vitamer detected in higher amounts, while δ-tocopherol was not detected in the majority of the samples. All the species proved to have antioxidant activity being more significant for H. aurantiaca (EC₅₀ values lower than 1.35 mg/ml) due to the contribution of antioxidants such as phenols (7.90 mg/g) and tocopherols (0.02–1.94 μg/g). The ongoing research states the nutraceutical potential of all these unique species, making the information available for a better management and conservation of mushrooms and related habitats.     

布里奇果油的主要化学成分及抗氧化能力研究

以布里奇果油为研究对象,对其脂肪酸组成以及维生素E、β-胡萝卜素、角鲨烯和β-谷甾醇的含量进行了分析检测,并对布里奇果油进行了DPPH自由基清除能力测试,以评价其抗氧化能力。结果表明:布里奇果油脂肪酸主要由棕榈酸、硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和二十碳烯酸组成,且以单不饱和脂肪酸为主,其油酸含量高达75%以上;布里奇果油中维生素E的构型主要为α-维生素E,平均含量为0.85 g/kg,β-胡萝卜素的平均含量为1.37 g/kg,角鲨烯的平均含量为0.18g/kg,β-谷甾醇的平均含量为0.29 g/kg。布里奇果油具有良好的抗氧化能力,其清除DPPH自由基的半抑制浓度(IC50)值为11.30 mg/mL。     

低功率微波处理对香菇采后生理及品质的影响

采用130 W微波输出功率连续照射处理新鲜香菇2~5 min,用打孔PE袋包装,3℃低温冷藏40 d,定期测定多酚氧化酶(PPO)、丙二醛(MDA)、呼吸速率、香菇多糖、颜色、失重等生理指标。实验结果表明:贮藏40 d之后,微波处理2~4 min对香菇失重率和颜色影响不大;微波处理3 min对香菇丙二醛含量的抑制明显;微波处理4 min对香菇多酚氧化酶和呼吸速率的抑制效果最好,香菇多糖含量最高为0.54%,商品率达到92%。微波保鲜香菇的最佳条件为130 W处理4 min,保鲜期40 d。      

Kinetics of extracted bioactive components from mushrooms in artificial digestive juices

This article presents a study on fruiting bodies of Boletus badius, Boletus edulis, Cantharellus cibarius, Lactarius deliciosus, Leccinum scabrum, Suillus bovinus, Suillus luteus, Pleurotus ostreatus, Tricholoma equestre, Armillaria mellea, Agaricus bisporus, and Auricularia polytricha. The amounts of their health-promoting bioelements and physiologically significant indole and phenolic compounds were determined. The significance of edible mushrooms in the human diet and in disease prevention were also established. The high-performance liquid chromatography was used to assess the contents of indole compounds and phenolic acids. The atomic absorption spectroscopy was applied to determine bioelements. In all samples, the content of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was studied. The highest extraction amount of serotonin was found for P. ostreatus species. Phenolic compounds were determined in the conditions described in the present study for the first time. Additionally, protocatechuic, p-hydroxybenzoic, syringic, and gallic acids were determined.     

植物中抗氧化活性成分及其提取技术的研究

天然的抗氧化剂能有效的清除自由基从而保护机体健康。从植物中寻找高效、廉价、低毒的天然抗氧化剂成为目前抗氧化剂发展的一个必然趋势,而对于建立更简捷、高效的提取、分离、纯化及鉴定技术的需求越来越强烈。就植物中抗氧化活性物质及其提取技术的基本原理、应用和发展方向等进行阐述。