茉莉酸处理对采后葡萄果实贮藏期间落粒的影响

以"巨峰"葡萄果实为试材,研究了茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)处理对采后葡萄果实在1℃贮藏期间落粒的影响。结果显示:10μmol/L MeJA处理可显著降低葡萄果实贮藏期间落粒率和腐烂率,并延缓果穗离区组织中脱落酸(ABA)含量和乙烯释放量的上升、赤霉素(GA3)含量的下降以及ABA/GA3比值的增长,并显著抑制离区果胶甲酯酶(Pectinesterase,PME)活性的下降和多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(Golygalacturonase,PG)活性的上升。同时,经MeJA处理的果穗离区细胞壁中胶层中乙醇不溶物(AIR)和Na2CO3溶性果胶含量也明显高于对照水平,而水溶性和环己二胺四乙酸(CDTA)溶性果胶含量却低于对照水平。实验表明,MeJA处理可通过调控葡萄果穗离区组织中内源激素水平来平衡细胞壁水解酶PME和PG的活性,从而抑制离区细胞壁中胶层的水解,维持细胞壁结构的完整,最终降低采后葡萄果实的落粒率,起到改善果实贮藏品质的效果。     

茉莉酸甲酯处理对采后葡萄果实酚酸合成和抗氧化活性的影响及其机理研究

以‘巨峰’葡萄果实(Vitis vinifera L.× V. labrusca L. cv. ‘Kyoho’)为试材,研究了10μmol/L茉莉酸甲酯(methyljasmonate,MeJA)熏蒸处理对采后葡萄果实在1℃贮藏期间酚酸含量和抗氧化活性的影响,并从苯丙烷类代谢角度分析了相关机理。结果显示：10μmol/L MeJA处理可显著抑制葡萄果实贮藏期间腐烂率和落粒率的上升,诱导苯丙烷类代谢关键酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、肉桂酸羟化酶(C4H)和查耳酮合成酶(CHS)活性的上升并延缓对香豆酰-CoA连接酶(4-CL)活性的下降,同时显著提高果实主要酚酸(没食子酸、咖啡酸、原儿茶酸、丁香酸和p-香豆酸)和总酚含量并维持了DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力。结果表明：MeJA可通过调控葡萄果实苯丙烷类代谢相关酶系的活性,从而有效诱导果实中酚酸的合成并维持果实贮藏期间抗氧化活性,最终提高了果实采后食用和营养品质。     

茉莉酸甲酯处理对采后苹果果皮活性氧相关代谢的影响

为了探究茉莉酸类物质(JAs)对采后苹果果皮活性氧代谢的影响,分别用0.5和1.5 mmol/L的茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)处理采后‘金冠’苹果果实,对其常温贮藏过程中果皮活性氧代谢相关生理指标进行了测定。结果表明:与对照相比,不同浓度MeJA处理均能促进果实软化及果皮叶绿素降解,提高果皮O₂^-·产生速率,促进果皮H₂O₂及丙二醛(MDA)积累,加快果实可溶性固形物(TSS)含量和果皮抗坏血酸(ASA)含量下降,同时抑制果皮超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)的活性。结论:MeJA处理抑制了采后苹果果皮活性氧代谢,促进了果皮活性氧积累,加速了果皮衰老,其中1.5 mmol/L MeJA处理对苹果果皮活性氧代谢的抑制效果更明显。     

茉莉酸甲酯和乙烯利处理对鲜切苹果膜质过氧化反应的影响

为研究外源信号分子茉莉酸甲酯(Me JA)和乙烯(Eth)对鲜切果蔬膜脂过氧化反应的影响,本实验以鲜切富士苹果为实验材料,经10μmol/L Me JA和10μL/L乙烯利处理,分析贮藏过程中与膜脂过氧化反应相关物质及酶类的变化。结果表明,Me JA和乙烯利可显著提高脂氧合酶(LOX)活性(p<0.05),降低细胞膜的渗透率和丙二醛(MDA)的含量,同时颜色的损失减少,乙烯利处理鲜切苹果的过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性提高,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性降低,但Me JA对SOD和CAT活性无显著影响,说明Me JA和乙烯利启动了鲜切富士苹果的防御反应,导致膜脂过氧化反应系统的关键酶活性升高,从而降低机械胁迫对细胞膜产生的伤害,从而显著延长贮藏期和保持新鲜品质(p<0.05)。      

茉莉酸甲酯处理对采后龙眼果皮褐变的影响

本实验以10、50、100μmol/L MeJA处理‘储良’龙眼(Dimocarpus longan Lour.)果实,研究其对(20±1)℃、85%相对湿度贮藏条件下的龙眼果皮褐变的影响。结果表明：与对照组相比,MeJA处理可有效降低‘储良’龙眼采后果皮褐变指数、果皮细胞膜透性和果肉自溶指数,而且MeJA浓度越高,抑制效果越明显。与对照组相比,100μmol/L MeJA处理龙眼果实能够保持较高的果皮总酚和类黄酮含量,降低果皮多酚氧化酶活力,有效提高果皮过氧化物酶和苯丙氨酸解氨酶活力;另一方面,MeJA处理可以有效降低超氧阴离子自由基产生速率以及H₂O₂含量,有效增强抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶)活力以及1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼自由基清除能力,提高果皮抗氧化能力。综上,100μmol/L MeJA处理可抑制龙眼果实采后部分酚类物质代谢,增强其抗氧化能力,从而延缓龙眼采后果皮褐变的发生,延长贮藏保鲜期。     

外源乙烯和茉莉酸甲酯处理对鲜切莴苣活性氧代谢的影响

切割处理激发鲜切果蔬发生氧化突发,从而诱导活性氧代谢发生紊乱。本研究以鲜切莴苣为实验材料,利用外源乙烯和茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）处理鲜切莴苣,通过分析H2O2和O-2·两种活性氧以及超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）等酶活性的变化,研究这两种外界信号分子对鲜切莴苣活性氧代谢的影响。结果表明:乙烯和MeJA处理可提高鲜切莴苣中的SOD、POD、CAT和APX等抗氧化物酶的活性,同时,使H2O2含量和O-2·产生速率显著下降。在两种处理中,MeJA的作用效果更明显。      

外源茉莉酸甲酯处理对采后猕猴桃果实品质和抗氧化酶活性的影响

为探究茉莉酸甲酯(methyl jasmonate,MeJA)对采后猕猴桃品质和抗氧化酶活性的影响,将采后‘金魁’猕猴桃果实用0. 1 mmol/L MeJA进行熏蒸处理,测定在常温(25±1)℃贮藏过程中果实品质和抗氧化酶活性的变化。结果表明,与对照相比,经MeJA处理的猕猴桃果实腐烂率、失重率显著降低26. 09%和20. 79%,使可溶性固形物(TSS)含量维持在较高水平,延缓可滴定酸(TA)的降解速率,抑制呼吸强度的上升;同时促进总酚含量的积累与合成,降低丙二醛(MDA)含量;过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性最大值依次显著高于对照34. 73%、30. 09%和2. 70%,而对维生素C(Vc)、总糖(TSC)含量以及硬度的影响并不明显。综上所述,MeJA预处理能够有效保持‘金魁’猕猴桃果实品质,延长猕猴桃果实贮藏期。     

采后茉莉酸甲酯处理对富士苹果青霉病和贮藏品质的影响

以富士苹果为材料,研究采后茉莉酸甲酯（methyl jasmonate,MeJA）处理对果实损伤接种扩展青霉的抑制效果及对过氧化氢（H2O2）含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性及果实贮藏品质的影响。结果表明,100 μmol/L MeJA处理10 min对苹果果实青霉病的抑制效果最好,MeJA处理提高了果实SOD活性,促进了果实体内H2O2的积累,抑制了CAT的活性。此外,外源MeJA处理明显提高了果实抗坏血酸含量,降低了贮藏期间果实的质量损失率,对果肉硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量无显著影响。由此推测,采后经MeJA处理的苹果果实抗病性提高和果实品质保持与抗氧化能力的提高有关。     

采后茉莉酸甲酯处理对桃果实青霉病及细胞壁降解酶的影响

以桃果实为试材,研究了采后不同浓度茉莉酸甲酯（Me JA）处理对损伤接种桃果实扩展青霉（Penicillium expansum）病斑扩展的影响,并分析了最佳浓度Me JA处理后桃果实细胞壁降解酶活性的变化。同时研究离体条件下Me JA对P.expansum菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果表明,100μmol/L Me JA对桃果实P.expansum的病斑抑制效果最好,并且显著（p≤0.05）抑制了菌丝生长和孢子萌发。100μmol/L Me JA处理明显抑制了桃果实多聚半乳糖醛酸酶（PG）、果胶甲酯酶（PME）、果胶甲基反式消除酶（PMTE）、多聚半乳糖醛酸反式消除酶（PGTE）和β-葡萄糖苷酶活性。由此表明,Me JA抑制桃果实青霉病的发生与延缓果实软化有关。      

茉莉酸甲酯诱导采后番茄果实抗病的作用

为寻找安全无毒的采后保鲜防病途径,探讨茉莉酸甲酯(MeJA)在采后番茄果实诱导抗病性中的作用和机制。以绿熟期“丽春”番茄为材料,接种灰霉菌,并观察该菌对诱导抗病性的作用,研究MeJA对采后抗病的反应及其诱导作用,并对不同处理中番茄果实抵抗病原菌侵染能力、茉莉酸类物质含量、植物抗菌物质含量的诱导差异进行检测。结果表明：外源MeJA处理能够有效抑制番茄果实采后病害的发生,提高果实对琏格孢霉(Alternaria solani)、灰葡萄孢霉(Botrytis cinerea)、扩展青霉(Penicillium expansum)、匍枝根霉(Rhizopus stolonifer)病原菌侵染的广谱抗性,并通过诱导包括病程相关蛋白、酚类、番茄红素在内的抗菌物质积累,达到诱导抗病效果。     

茉莉酸甲酯对草莓果实采后腐烂、苯丙烷类代谢及抗氧化活性的影响

为研究茉莉酸甲酯处理(Methyl jasmonate,MeJA)对草莓果实采后腐烂、苯丙烷类代谢及抗氧化活性的影响,将果实先于20℃下以10μmol/L MeJA熏蒸处理6h,然后转入(1±1)℃下贮藏12d,每隔3d测定果实腐烂率、苯丙烷类代谢相关酶苯丙氨酸解氨酶(PAL)、对香豆酰-CoA连接酶(4-CL)、肉桂酸羟化酶(C4H)和二氢黄酮醇还原酶(DFR)活性以及总酚、总花色苷和酚类和花色苷类单体物质含量,并且同时测定果实DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)自由基清除率和总还原力。结果显示,MeJA处理可显著抑制草莓果实贮藏期间腐烂率的上升;同时MeJA可诱导PAL、4-CL、C4H和DFR活性的上升,从而有效延缓了酚类和花色苷类物质含量的下降,提高了果实DPPH自由基清除率和总还原力,维持了果实的抗氧化活性。这些结果表明,MeJA处理在草莓果实保鲜中具有较好的应用前景。     

Effect of methyl jasmonate on quality and antioxidant activity of postharvest loquat fruit

BACKGOUND: Loquat fruit is rich in natural antioxidants and has shown a remarkably high antioxidant activity. To search for an effective method for maintaining or even improving antioxidant activity during postharvest storage, we investigated the effect of 10 µmol L^?1 methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment on levels of major individual sugars and organic acids, total phenolics, total carotenoids, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity in loquat fruit during storage at 1 °C for 35 days. RESULTS: The MeJA‐treated fruit exhibited significantly lower levels of respiration rate, ethylene production, phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase and polyphenol oxidase activities, and higher levels of sugars, organic acids, total phenolics and total flavonoids than control fruit. Meanwhile, the treatment also maintained significantly higher antioxidant activity as measured by the scavenging capacity against 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radicals, and by the reducing power test compared to the control. There was a significant positive linear relationship between total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity. CONCLUSION: MeJA treatment can improve the quality and functional properties of harvested loquat fruit by maintaining a higher level of antioxidants and enhancing antioxidant activity. Copyright © 2009 Society of Chemical Industry     

Impact of postharvest methyl jasmonate treatment on the volatile composition and flavonol content of strawberries

BACKGROUND: Although strawberry aroma is very complex, certain compounds have been described as main contributors, i.e. furanones, aldehydes, alcohols, sulfur compounds and particularly methyl and ethyl esters. In addition, strawberries possess potent antioxidant activity because of their high content of phenolic compounds. Among them, flavonols are highlighted as important antioxidant compounds in strawberry. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of methyl jasmonate (MJ) on the composition of the major contributors to aroma and on the content of certain flavonols in strawberry fruits. RESULTS: The levels of all studied volatile compounds were significantly affected by MJ treatment, though the individual effect differed according to the specific compound considered. Most of them increased significantly (P < 0.05), except methyl butanoate, which always showed higher levels in untreated strawberries. In contrast to aroma compounds, the change in the concentration of flavonols (i.e. myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol) was not significant in MJ‐treated strawberries. Considering the health‐promoting activity of these compounds, further investigations on the experimental conditions related to the treatment are required to control flavonol bioformation by means of MJ. CONCLUSION: The exogenous application of MJ vapour to strawberry enhances, in general, the production of the most relevant aroma‐active compounds. On the contrary, MJ treatment does not appear to influence the levels of myricetin, quercetin and kaempferol. Thus postharvest MJ treatment is proposed as an approach to obtain improved strawberry fruits in terms of sensory quality and health‐promoting properties. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

茉莉酸甲酯处理对鲜切苹果生理生化变化的影响

以鲜切富士苹果为试材,研究了不同浓度的茉莉酸甲酯处理对常温下贮藏的鲜切苹果生理生化的影响。在贮藏过程中分析测定了鲜切苹果PPO和POD酶活性、多酚、还原糖和可溶性蛋白质含量等生理生化指标。结果表明,与对照相比,茉莉酸甲酯处理能抑制PPO和POD酶活性,多酚、总糖和可溶性蛋白质含量也发生了不同程度的提高,尤其以低浓度的茉莉酸甲酯处理贮藏效果更好,可保持鲜切苹果较好的贮藏品质。     

Control of anthracnose rot and quality deterioration in loquat fruit with methyl jasmonate

BACKGROUND: Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica Lindl.) fruit has a short shelf‐life, mainly due to fungal decay. Current control of postharvest disease of the fruit is mainly dependent on fungicides. However, because of the increasing consumer concern over food safety, there is an urgent need to search for effective alternatives to control disease. The objective of this work was to determine the efficacy of methyl jasmonate (MeJA) in controlling anthracnose rot caused by Colletotrichum acutatum and maintaining quality of loquat fruit. RESULTS: Loquat fruit were treated with 10 µmol L^?1 MeJA and wound inoculated with C. acutatum spore suspension of 1.0 × 10⁵ spores mL^?1 24 h after treatment, and then stored at 20 °C for 6 days. The percentage of infected wounds showing decay symptom was reduced from 54.4% to 16.7% and the lesion diameter was reduced from 7.26 mm to 4.00 mm by MeJA treatment on the 4th day after inoculation. MeJA treatment induced higher activities of two defense‐related enzymes—chitinase and β‐1,3‐glucanase—during 6 days storage. Meanwhile, the treatment inhibited increases in fruit firmness and internal browning index, and maintained higher extractable juice rate and total soluble solids and titratable acidity contents, thereby delaying the development of flesh leatheriness. CONCLUSION: MeJA treatment effectively inhibited anthracnose rot and maintained quality in loquat fruit. Inhibition of the disease was mainly because of resistance induced in loquat fruit by MeJA. A postharvest application of MeJA could be an alternative to chemical fungicides for control of postharvest disease in loquat fruit. Copyright © 2008 Society of Chemical Industry     

外源乙烯和茉莉酸甲酯对鲜切甘蓝活性氧代谢的影响

为研究鲜切果蔬活性氧代谢以及不同外源信号分子对鲜切果蔬活性氧代谢的影响,以鲜切甘蓝为材料,利用外源乙烯和茉莉酸甲酯（MeJA）处理鲜切甘蓝,于4℃条件下贮藏,测定了活性氧H2O2和O2-·的变化,超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）以及抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）等酶活性。结果表明,乙烯和MeJA两种处理抑制了鲜切甘蓝活性氧H2O2含量的增加及O2-·的生成速率,外源乙烯处理提高了鲜切甘蓝中具有防御功能的SOD和APX活性,而抑制了POD和CAT的活性;MeJA处理后鲜切甘蓝的SOD、POD、CAT活性均受到抑制,对整个贮藏过程中的APX活性的作用效果有所不同,贮藏前期促进但贮藏后期起到一定程度的抑制作用。在两种处理中,乙烯提高鲜切甘蓝的抗氧化活性作用明显。