气压压滤器的设计

气压压滤器是以惰性气体为压力源的过滤设备。本文讨论了气压压滤器的应用领域,针对不同的滤饼量,采取不同形式的结构,设计了不同的气压压滤器,并设计了一套气压压滤工艺流程。最后,对设计的气压压滤器进行了计算校核。     

精滤除油技术在净化气中的应用

从工艺流程、设备等方面对氨合成系统中净化气采用精滤除油技术的情况及效果进行了介绍,改造效果明显。     

石化废水处理站废气处理设计

介绍了石化废水处理站废气处理工艺：废气通过洗涤塔及生化过滤可以去掉其中９５％以上的有机物,生化过滤装置废气处理面积负荷为３０～５０ｍ３／（ｍ２·ｈ）。废气处理体积负荷为２５～５０ｍ３／（ｍ３·ｈ）。     

橡胶行业标准废气治理技术方案

本文针对橡胶行业标准提出了密炼车间和压延/硫化车间的废气净化方案.废气治理设备预处理采用干式过滤净化废气.利用复合光催化主机对废气进行光氧催化和后处理,并注入低温等离子以降解异味污染物.蓄热式燃烧利用蓄热式热氧化焚烧炉RTO净化废气,三室RTO废气分解率高于99％,热回收率高于95％.     

碳化硅陶瓷膜管高温除尘实验研究

采用自制碳化硅陶瓷膜管对某电厂烟气进行了高温过滤性能和再生效果的实验研究。主要考察了三种陶瓷膜管的处理气量对过滤效率、阻力损失的影响以及反吹再生效果。结果表明,随着含尘烟气量的增加,过滤效率逐渐降低,同时压降损失逐渐增大;复合膜的过滤性能优于单一膜或支撑体,反吹再生效果最佳。     

大型压缩机挥发性油气的处理回收

轻质油品在温度升高时极易挥发,根据油气的粒径、黏度、阻力以及可聚结性设计的该套新型过滤——分离系统,在气源入口微负压的工作状态下运行,保证了原系统的稳定同时成功实现了对压缩机油箱内挥发油气的分离和回收。     

美国高温气体除尘技术发展现状

论述了适用于高温煤气或高温燃烧气除尘的陶瓷管过滤技术，颗粒床过滤技术和错流过滤技术的技术特点，已达到的使用规模，应用前景及目前仍存在的问题，ＥＰＲＩ综合除尘效率，经济性、投资等因素对各种高温气体除法技术的比较。     

气液过滤过程中液滴二次夹带现象分析

在天然气长距离输送过程中,天然气夹带的液滴严重影响压缩机组的安全可靠运行。利用所建立的滤芯过滤性能检测装置,以癸二酸二辛酯为实验介质,分析了天然气净化用滤芯气液过滤过程中液滴二次夹带现象的特征,比较了滤材润湿性和过滤速度等参数的影响。结果表明:当滤芯仅由聚结层组成时,滤芯过滤过程中存在液滴二次夹带现象,二次夹带将导致下游气体中液滴数量增多,且有较大液滴出现,稳态阶段滤芯累积效率在大粒径处下降;液滴在滤材表面的润湿性对二次夹带现象具有重要影响,可润湿型滤材表面更易出现液滴二次夹带现象,在相同过滤速度下,若需提高过滤效率,宜选用不可润湿型滤材制作工业滤芯;在0.1～0.3 m·s^-1过滤速度范围内,提高过滤速度可减少液滴二次夹带现象的发生,与不可润湿型滤芯相比,可润湿型滤芯过滤效果的改善更为明显;滤芯增加排液层可有效消除液滴二次夹带现象。     

Dynamic combustion regimes of the Ti-(Ti+0.5C) layered system in a concurrent nitrogen flow

The filtration combustion of a layered porous fill consisting of alternating layers of a mixture of Ti + 0.5C a titanium powder with forced concurrent filtration of nitrogen was studied for the first time. The gas flow through the sample was provided by a vacuum pump attached to the lower end of the fill. The presence of the concurrent gas flow radically changes the character of propagation of the combustion front and the structure and composition of the products obtained. The layers consisting of carbonitride and titanium nitride make a single unit. The experiments provided scientific bases for the production of new laminated and composite ceramic materials by dynamic filtration combustion. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 6, pp. 44–51, November–December, 2008.     

天然气用聚结过滤元件性能的测定与分析

为了评价目前天然气净化用滤芯气液分离性能,利用聚结型滤芯气液过滤性能的检测装置研究了滤芯的放置方式、滤芯的有效厚度及填充密度等相关因素对气液过滤性能的影响。结果表明：在相同条件下,滤芯垂直于地面放置比水平位置放置时排液较顺畅,气液过滤效果较好,并且压降至少降低25%;不同材质滤芯,随着滤芯厚度在6~32mm范围内增加,滤芯稳态压降增加,过滤器出口液滴浓度减小,过滤性能提高;滤芯的填充密度增加,滤芯压降增大,过滤器出口液滴浓度减小。     

Opening Pores and Extending the Application Window: Open-Cell Nanocellular Foams

The production of open-cell (OC) nanostructures in polymer foams without non-foamed solid skins by gas dissolution foaming has been developed in this work. First, several grades of MAM block copolymer (methyl methacrylate-b-butyl acrylate-b-methyl methacrylate) at high content are employed as heterogeneous phase in poly(methyl methacrylate) for producing OC structures. Atomic force microscopy and extensional rheology are used as methods to understand the main features to obtain OC nanocellular structures. Second, the gas diffusion barrier approach is employed for the first time in polymer blends to avoid the appearance of the solid skins in the borders, which typically appears when the cellular polymer is produced by gas dissolution foaming. The influence of the poly(vinyl alcohol) gas diffusion barrier is analyzed, together with the effect of heterogeneous nucleation provided by MAM copolymer, on the solid skins’ formation. The synergy between both approaches allows obtaining porous nanocellular polymeric films with an OC structure non-constrained by the presence of outer solid skins.     

Filter life comparison of different levels of nanofiber coated cleanable-surface filter for gas turbine

High-efficiency air filtration is a basic requirement for the most cost-effective operation of high-efficiency gas turbines. The filtration system protects the gas turbine from damaging debris. In gas turbine/dust collector applications, higher efficiency filtration could be achieved with nanofibers, which provide higher equipment protection than traditional media. With a nanofiber performance filter layer, the dust accumulates on the surface of the filtration media rather than within the media and could be cleaned off easily with a back pulse resulting in long filter life and a low-operating pressure drop. In this study five type of gas tribune nanofiber coated corrugated cellulose/synthetic filter media were developed. Nanofiber coating was adjusted for five filtration efficiency level, 50 ≤ E < 60, 60 ≤ E < 70, 70 ≤ E < 85, 85 ≤ E < 95 and 95 ≤ E, pore size and filter-life of the developed media were evaluated. One of the developed nanofiber coated media was also compared with two other commercial nanofiber coated gas tribune filter media, a glass fiber type filter media and a commercial fine fiber gas tribune filter media. It was seen that, with decreasing penetration levels due to nanofiber coating level, initial 30 cycle durations of filter life evaluation could reach about 229.9 to 250.7 min. Highest final cycle duration of 188.7 min belonged to cellulose/synthetic blend corrugated filter media with penetration of 13.66%. Nanofiber based surface filter media was cleaned up better than fine fiber media and final 30 cycle sequences were significantly higher. Surface of the nanofiber coated media was smoother when compared to fine fiber media and during the initial and final cycle test dust could not penetrate inside and could not hang to this smooth surface. So, with back pulse cleaning cake releasing have performed easily. It was also seen that, for higher filter life nanofiber coating should be uniform and robust to back pulse cleaning.     

Heißgasfiltration

Even if already numerous hot gas filter systems are installed, hot gas filtration with all its aspects is still not known enough. Hot gas filtration offers significant advantages in many cases. Processes can be simplified or intensified, process efficiency can be increased, contamination of products or blocking by condensation or desublimation can be prevented, and downstream equipment can be protected. The paper describes the fundamental particularities of filtration at higher temperatures and provides an overview of filter media and filter systems for hot gas filtration. Moreover, applications of hot gas filtration are presented.     

Some Stability Aspects of Gas Combustion in Porous Media

Some aspects of the stability of hot-spot and oblique gas-combustion fronts in porous media are considered using a thermal model. A general expression for the velocity of a curved wave front of filtration gas combustion is obtained taking into account the curvature and local slope of the front. It is shown that curvature always promotes stabilization of the front. The slope of the front, in principle, can have a destabilizing effect. However, because this effect is weaker than the curvature effect, it does not cause development of instability. The roles of convective heat and mass transfer between the hot spot and the ambient gas flow and selective diffusion in the development of local instability are analyzed. Criteria are found for the development of hot-spot instability, and the ranges of system parameters in which instability is possible are determined. The effect of variation in the length of the front during wave propagation on the development of instability of an oblique front is considered. Accounting for this factor gives a criterion for instability development that coincides with the experimental one.__________Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 41, No. 4, pp. 39–49, July–August, 2005.     

Research progress of hot gas filtration,desulphurization and HCl removal in coal-derived fuel gas: A review

The present review paper highlighted on the recent progress of hot gas filtration, desulphurization and HCl removal in coal-derived fuel gas for combined cycle power generation (IGCC) or molten carbonate fuel cells (MCFC) technologies. As a critical process in the gasification system, hot gas filtration in the particulate control device (PCD) was introduced with enhanced understanding of equipment and operation, filter element and failsafe material properties, and gasification ash characteristics. The issues associated with the commercialization of hot gas filtration were also addressed, and some novel systems and methods were also discussed. The hot gas desulphurization in coal-derived fuel gas has concentrated on developing regenerable sorbents including the single and composite oxides of Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and other species, and the reduction of metal oxides in the highly reducing atmosphere followed by vaporization of elements can be a problem for reactivity and regeneration. With regard to the removal of HCl, the studies have indicated sorbents prepared by pelletizing the powders of naturally available alkali metal and alkali earth metal substances can rapidly react with HCl vapor and reduce the HCl vapor concentration to less than 1 ppmv, and some sorbents lab-made have very high chlorine capacity. The sorbents based hot gas cleaning also has some challenges. Kinetics studies showed that unreacted shrinking core (USC) can be applied to the modeling of H₂S and HCl removal by sorbents at high temperature, and the surface chemical reaction and reactant diffusion by product layers between solid sorbents and gases were very important mechanisms. The paper also proposed and discussed a rational concept for the simultaneous removal of multiple contaminants including ash, H₂S and HCl, which will offer a possible cost reduction by two or more processes in a single vessel for hot gas cleaning.     

Filtration combustion of porous metallic samples in a gas diluted by an inert component

Filtration combustion of a porous layer with natural filtration of the oxidizer diluted by an inert component is studied. The problem of ignition of a porous layer by a heated surface permeable for the gas is solved, and the time of ignition is determined as a function of pressure in the reactor and initial porosity of the sample. Formation of an inert gas “plug” preventing chemical interaction is examined. It is shown that the mean depth of conversion of the condensed reagent in the porous layer depends on the sample length, porosity, pressure of the gas mixture, and concentration of the inert component. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 73–79, January–February, 2008.     

金属过滤介质高温除尘的实验研究

开展了金属过滤介质结构特点与过滤特性的高温除尘实验研究,对其过滤除尘机理进行了探讨。试验揭示烧结金属丝网过滤介质具有很好的反吹再生特性。三种类型的金属过滤介质经过约二十次反吹再生后,其过滤效率、反吹再生周期趋于稳定。     

Combustion of bulk density powder mixtures in a coflow of nitrogen gas: 3. The Ti-(Ti + 0.5C) layered system

Explored is the filtration combustion in Ti-(Ti + 0.5C) layered powder systems in a coflow of nitrogen gas. The presence/absence of nitrogen coflow through the layered system was found to drastically affect the character of wave propagation and structure/properties of product. The obtained data can be regarded as a basis for fabrication of new layered and composite materials in the mode of dynamic filtration combustion.      

A/O生物滤池处理高盐废水低温启动与影响分析

针对海水的高盐浓度压舱水,采用阶段挂膜启动A/O生物滤池工艺处理。高盐环境下,考察了盐质量浓度为33 g/L左右时反应器的低温生物强化过程,不同运行条件(滤速、回流比、气水比)下反应器中有机物和氨氮的降解情况,探讨了滤池反冲洗对处理效果的影响。结果表明,滤池最佳回流比、气水比分别为3∶1,最经济滤速为1.5m/h。反应器的COD、NH3-N及TN出水水质可满足国家一级A出水标准。     

Gas filtration in granular moving beds — an experimental study

An experimental study was conducted of gas filtration in cross-flow moving-bed granular filters. Variables examined included both the gas and solid velocities as well as filter-grain size. The triboelectric effect was found to play an important role in determining the extent of particle collection.