An adaptive control strategy for wound rotor synchronous machines

This paper addresses the problem of controlling wound rotor synchronous motors in association with their power conversion components, i.e. AC/DC rectifiers and DC/AC inverters. Considering the whole association, ‘converter‐motor’ makes it possible to account, in addition to motor speed regulation, four other important control objectives such as power factor correction with respect to the supply net and DC link voltage regulation. To achieve these objectives, an adaptive control strategy is developed, based on a nonlinear model of the whole ‘converter‐motor’ association. Adaptation is motivated by the uncertain nature of some motor characteristics, especially the mechanical parameters. The closed‐loop system stability and performances are formally described using averaging theory. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Fault Ride-Through Capability Enhancement of VSC HVDC connected Offshore Wind Power Plants

To achieve active control of the AC voltage magnitude of wind power plant(WPP) collector network and improve the fault ride-through (FRT) capability,an FRT scheme based on feed forward DC voltage contr...     

双馈风力发电系统并网逆变器不同控制策略分析

双馈风力发电系统并网逆变器采用并网电流反馈PI控制,虽然在理想电网条件下能够实现逆变器控制系统高功率因数、低稳态误差的性能,但存在电网谐波干扰情况时,系统的动稳态跟踪性能变差;此外,PI控制器可以直流信号实现零稳态误差,但无法消除交流信号的谐波分量,且需要多次的复杂坐标变换和解耦控制。由此,提出一种基于并网电流反馈、电容电流反馈的多谐振PR控制,提高了系统控制精度;引入低次谐波补偿项后,能够有效抑制并网电流波形畸变。仿真结果证明了提出的控制策略不仅能实现对交流信号无静差控制和具有良好的动稳态跟踪性能,而且系统并网电流的谐波含量较少,满足电网对风力发电系统并网的要求。     

适用于多端口模块化多电平交直流变换器的分段变步长模型预测控制策略

传统模型预测控制存在计算量大及权重因子整定困难等问题,并且对于多端口模块化多电平交直流混合变换器(multi-port modular multilevel AC/DC hybrid converter, MP-M2ADHC)适用性不足。首先利用桥臂内电势等效原理分析了MP-M2ADHC的交直流耦合特性及内部功率平衡约束,并提出了分段变步长模型预测控制(piecewise variable step-size model predictive control, PVS-MPC)策略。通过多个寻优环节,在不同时间尺度下寻求最佳开关状态使得系统预测值与期望值的误差最小,实现了对多个控制目标单独控制。为满足预测模型精确离散化需求,进一步提出采用改进欧拉法对系统反馈值进行优化与校正,从而显著提高预测精度。最后,通过对变换器不同模式下功率双向传输的时域仿真,从输出电流跟踪、环流抑制及谐波含量等方面与传统模型预测控制进行对比,验证了所提控制策略与优化校正策略的可行性和有效性。     

能量回馈型单相交流电子负载的研究

能量回馈型单相交流电子负载是一种可模拟阻性负载以及任意功率因数的性和容性负载,并将吸收的能量回馈电网的电力电子装置.主电路拓扑采用AC/DC/AC结构,前级负载模拟部分基于单周期控制技术,后级能量回馈部分基于滞环电流控制技术,主电路整流器和逆变器均采用单极性调制方案.应用上述方案设计1 kVA交流电子负载实验样机.实验...     

直流调制单级功率因数校正交-交变流器

功率因数校正是产生或吸收无功功率力图达到功率因数等于1.单级交-交变流器被广泛应用在各工业领域.传统的交-交变流器采用电压调制法,全谐畸变高,功率因数低,功率转换效率差.本文介绍全新直流调制方法,由直流变流技术实现.直流调制单级功率因数校正交-交变流器有效地改进了功率因数,使之达到0.999,功率转换效率达到97.8%.实验结果证实了设计和计算的正确性.     

基于安全距离灵敏度的交直流混联系统安全校正策略

大型交直流混联系统中,直流系统的大容量、灵活可控等特征使得交直流混联电网的动力学特性有了根本变化,运行控制难度急剧增大。直流闭锁后潮流的大范围转移将严重影响系统的稳定运行,迫切需要研究交直流混联系统的安全校正策略。为此,提出一种基于静态安全距离灵敏度的交直流混联系统安全校正方法。在交直流混联系统静态安全域理论的基础上,为了适应电力系统在线计算的要求,对安全域边界面进行线性回归拟合并给出修正安全距离及其灵敏度的计算方法。通过对安全域的伸缩变化以表征不同维度变量的控制代价,并在此基础上求取安全校正指导矢量。根据各控制变量对指导矢量的灵敏度和各控制变量的实际调节能力对其进行排序,并依次将其代入安全校正模型中进行求解,以使得调节过程中的总调整量最小。对改造后的IEEE 39节点交直流混联系统和简化实际电网进行分析计算,结果验证了所提安全校正策略的正确性与有效性。     

基于单周及浮充技术的单相高性能有源功率因数校正电路研究

针对双级有源功率因数校正(PFC)技术的改进措施加以分析和论述,阐述了该功率因数校正变流器存在的一些不足之处,研究了一类改进型双级有源功率因数校正开关变流器拓扑,优化改进的有源功率因数校正AC/DC变流器结合单周控制技术控制方法的原理,以及浮充技术.改进的单周控制有源PFC变流器具有结构简单、控制精度高、响应速度快,特别是具有控制性能对系统和电源参数变化不敏感等优点.文中还阐述了变流器的工作机理、控制方法及其试验分析.     

Power Quality Improvement in Three-phase Telecommunication Power Supply System

This article proposes power quality improvement in a three-phase AC mains-fed telecommunication power supply by using an improved power quality converter. Conventional telecommunication tower power supplies suffer from power quality problems, such as high input current harmonic distortion, low power factor, and voltage distortions at the utility interface. To mitigate these problems, modern AC-DC converters with power factor correction circuits are used at the utility interface. An integrated boost converter is used as a power factor corrector with an isolated DC-DC converter at the load end to form the proposed telecommunication power supply. The power factor correction converter mitigates the harmonic contents of the AC mains current and improves the power factor, whereas the isolated converter provides regulated load voltage and isolation. Voltage control is used for regulating the DC voltage of the isolated converter, while the power factor correction integrated boost converter employs a current control loop to shape input current to sinusoidal in-phase with voltage. The design, modeling, and simulation results are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the power supply at various AC mains voltages and loads. A prototype of the front-end converter is developed, and recorded test results are presented here to validate the simulated performance.     

Sub-optimal automatic generation control of interconnected power system using constrained feedback control strategy

This paper presents sub-optimal AGC regulator designs for a 2-area interconnected power system using constrained feedback control strategy. The power system with identical thermal plants consisting of non-reheat thermal turbines interconnected via parallel AC/DC links is considered for the investigations. The formulation of optimal AGC problem involves solution of non-linear matrix equations, which requires an appropriate computational technique to yield a solution with high speed and accuracy. The implementation of optimal AGC regulator requires monitoring of all the state variables of the system or state reconstruction, which may be undesirable from cost and complexity considerations. Due to these limitations of optimal AGC regulators, sub-optimal AGC regulators are designed based on the constrained feedback control strategy using the feedback of system states which are accessible and available for measurement. Different structures of state cost weighting matrix ‘Q’ are also considered in the study. The power system dynamic performance is analyzed based on time response plots achieved with the implementation of designed optimal and sub-optimal AGC regulators in the wake of 1% load disturbance in one of the areas.     

非并联运行AC/DC系统中直流变流器的非线性附加控制器设计

针对交直流联合输电系统中直流线路与交流线路非并联运行的情况,本文为HVDC换流站设计了附加控制器以阻尼交流系统中区域间的功率振荡.文中将直流线路功率调节作用等效为一阶惯性环节,将交直流联合的多机系统等值为两机两区域系统,由此建立了综合考虑机电振荡的三阶模型;然后运用反馈线性化方法设计了交直流系统非线性稳定控制器.仿真结果证明了该文所提出的控制器能有效地阻尼区域间功率振荡,提高系统的暂态稳定性.但同时也引入了其它一些问题.需要进一步研究的内容在最后进行了讨论.     

柔性直流输电并网风电厂的低电压穿越能力改进(英文)

To achieve active control of the AC voltage magnitude of wind power plant(WPP)collector network and improve the fault ride-through(FRT)capability,an FRT scheme based on feed forward DC voltage control is presented for voltage source converter-high voltage direct current(VSC-HVDC)connected offshore WPPs.During steady state operation,an open loop AC voltage control is implemented at the WPP-side VSC of the HVDC system so that any possible control interactions between WPP-side VSC and VSC of wind turbine are minimized.Whereas during any grid fault,a dynamic AC voltage reference is made according to both the DC voltage error and AC active current from the WPP collector system,thus ensuring fast and robust FRT of the VSC-HVDC-connected offshore WPPs.Under the unbalanced fault condition in the host power system,the resulting oscillatory DC voltage is directly used in the VSC AC voltage controller at the WPP side so that the WPP collector system voltage also reflects the unbalance in the main grid.Time domain simulations are performed to verify the efficacy of the FRT scheme based on the proposed feed forward DC voltage control.Simulation results show satisfactory FRT responses of the VSC-HVDC-connected offshore WPP under balanced and unbalanced faults in the host power system,as is shown under a serious fault in the WPP collector network.     

基于PEMFC延时特性的发电系统建模与控制

针对质子交换膜燃料电池(PEMFC)系统延时特性,建立了1.2 k W PEMFC简化动态模型,并与实验数据对比验证了模型的有效性。在此基础上,构建了包含50 k W PEMFC系统、DC/DC变换器、DC/AC逆变器和滤波器在内的PEMFC发电系统模型,对并网运行和独立运行模式分别提出了同步PI电流控制和电压瞬时值反馈PI控制策略。仿真分析结果表明控制策略效果良好,能满足不同运行状态的要求。     

DC-bus voltage control of three-phase AC/DC PWM converters usingfeedback linearization

In this paper, a fast voltage control strategy of three-phase AC/DC pulsewidth modulation (PWM) converters applying a feedback linearization technique is proposed. First, incorporating the power balance of the input and output sides in system modeling, a nonlinear model of the PWM converter is derived with state variables such as AC input currents and DC output voltage. Then, by input-output feedback linearization, the system is linearized and a state feedback control law is obtained by pole placement. With this control scheme, output voltage responses become faster than those in a conventional cascade control structure. For robust control to parameter variations, integrators are added to the exact feedback control law. Since the fast voltage control is feasible for load changes, it is shown that the DC electrolytic capacitor size can be reduced. In addition, the capacitor current is analyzed for size reduction of the capacitor. As is usual with PWM converters, the input current is regulated to be sinusoidal and the source power factor can be controlled at unity. The experimental results are provided to verify the validity of the proposed control algorithm for a 1.5 kVA insulated gate bipolar transistor PWM converter system     

Free‐weighting matrices‐based robust wide‐area FACTS control design with considering signal time delay for stability enhancement of power systems

This paper presents a free‐weighting matrix (FWM) method based on linear control design approach for the wide‐area robust damping (WARD) controller associated with flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) device to improve the dynamical performance of the large‐scale power systems. First, the linearized reduced‐order plant model is established, which efficiently considers the time delay of the remote feedback signals transmitted by wide‐area measurement systems. Then, based on the robust control theory, the design of the FACTS‐WARD controller is formulated as the standard control problem on delay‐dependent state‐feedback robust control, which is described by a set of linear matrix inequality constraints. Furthermore, in order to obtain the optimal control parameters that can endure the maximum time delay, a FWM approach is proposed to solve the time‐dependent problem of the time‐delay system. Meanwhile, an iterative algorithm based on cone complementary linearization is presented to search out the optimal control parameters. Finally, the nonlinear simulations on the 2‐area 4‐machine and the 5‐area 16‐machine test systems are performed, to evaluate the control performance of the proposed robust wide‐area time‐delay control approach. © 2011 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

双馈风力发电机转子绕组能量回馈技术研究

双馈风力发电机在超同步转速下运行时,定转子绕组能够同时输出功率,将转子绕组这部分能量回馈到电网可以提高双馈风力发电机的运行效率。本文运用交流升压斩波技术将转子绕组的低压交流电泵升为高压直流,再经逆变送回电网。并建立了交流升压斩波的控制算法,计算出系统在各种状态下回馈电压、电流与转差率、占空比之间的关系。仿真和实验结果表明,所提出的控制策略能较好的将双馈发电机转子绕组的能量回馈给电网。     

高压直流输电系统的非线性附加控制器设计

针对包含两条直流传输线路的交直流互联系统,采用状态反馈精确线性化方法与线性系统的变结构控制理论相结合的方法,同时设计了两条直流线路的非线性变结构附加控制器。最后对系统进行仿真,其仿真结果表明所设计控制器能够很好的抑制发电机功角振荡,有效地提高系统的暂态稳定性,达到良好的控制效果。     

面向扰动的多尺度交直流混联电压校正策略

目前,中国电网已建成多个交直流混联系统,运行中遇到的扰动带来的电压安全问题备受关注。传统电压校正控制受限于调控能力及响应速度,无法应对所有扰动。因此,文中提出运用直流系统的调控能力对越限电压进行校正。首先,基于不同动作方式及扰动的特性,分多尺度建立交直流系统电压域优化模型,作为电压校正控制的基础。其次,针对不同尺度的电压安全域建立了电压校正控制模型,以最小动作代价为目标,保证系统电压在正常情况下和N-1故障后均能满足安全性要求。最后,以某实际系统为模型进行仿真验证,证明了该方法的可行性与有效性。     

馈能型电子负载的并网控制

分析了单相馈能型电子负载的原理,主电路采用DC/DC/AC结构,DC/DC变换器采用平均电流模式下的双闭环控制,详细分析了逆变交流侧并网控制方法。基于内模控制原理,逆变器采用零误差电流跟踪并网控制方法,与普通PI控制方法相比,采用该方法后,工频条件下输出电流可以零误差地跟踪给定电流,基本不受电网电压的影响。仿真结果表明,该控制方法可以使逆变器输出电流的相位和频率无误差地跟踪电网电压的相位和频率,逆变电流为正弦,功率因数为1,可以连续调节模拟负载,并且有较好的瞬时响应。     

A new sequential AC–DC power flow algorithm for multi‐terminal HVDC systems

This paper presents a new algorithm based on the sequential method for power flow calculation in integrated multi‐terminal, high‐voltage, direct current (HVDC) systems. Unlike similar studies in the literature, a real equivalent circuit model is considered for under‐load tap changer (ULTC) transformers of the DC converters, for the first time. So, new DC equations are obtained. Thus, exact and accurate results can be obtained for practical applications by the proposed algorithm. Adjustment effects of the DC converters' ULTCs tap values are included in the Jacobian matrix instead of the bus admittance matrix in the sequential AC power flow algorithm as well as other ULTCs in AC system. To this aim, new equations for the calculation of power and Jacobian matrix elements are obtained for the AC system. The proposed approach is tested on the modified IEEE 17‐bus AC–DC test system. Numerical results show that the proposed approach is accurate and reliable in convergence. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.