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Jian-Zhang Li Takeshi Furuno Wen-Rui Zhou Qian Ren Xiu-Zhi Han Jin-Ping Zhao 《木材化学与工艺学杂志》2013,33(3):241-250
Abstract In the presence of catalysts such as sodium acetate, zinc chloride, magnesium perchlorate, and magnesium chloride hexahydrate, acetylation of wood at 75°C was investigated. The results showed that it was possible to endow wood with high dimensional stability at low temperature by a catalyzed acetylation method. In particular, the magnesium chloride–catalyzed acetylation of wood showed very little or no effect on the color change or mechanical property of wood, as contrasted to those of the zinc chloride or magnesium perchlorate–catalyzed treatment, which showed a great effect. In addition, the concentrations of catalysts proved to have an effect on weight percent gain. 相似文献
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Ken Sagawa 《Color research and application》2000,25(3):193-199
Visual comfort of a colored image of an ordinary scene was investigated in terms of the number of categorical colors contained in the image. The categorical colors were extracted by presenting the image for 5 s and asking the observer to report all the colors perceived in the image by using categorical color naming. It was found that the number of categorical colors obtained had a high negative correlation with the observer's direct estimation of visual comfort for the image. This indicates that the more colors an image contains, the less comfort for the image is felt, and suggests that visual comfort can be evaluated as a function of the number of categorical colors. The number of categorical colors was also determined colorimetrically and had a high negative correlation to the observer's direct estimation of visual comfort as well. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 25, 193–199, 2000 相似文献
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Heat treatment changes the chemical, physical, and mechanical properties of wood. The properties of heat‐treated wood have been researched considerably, but the thermal conductivity of heat‐treated wood in various conditions has not been reported. In this study, the thermal conductivity of heat‐treated fir and beech wood at temperatures 170, 180, 190, and 212°C for 2 h with ThermoWood method were investigated. The results were compared with industrially kiln‐dried reference samples. The results show that heat treatment caused an important reduction on thermal conductivity of wood, the extend of which is depend upon temperature and wood species. Considering all heat treating temperatures, generally by increasing heat treatment temperature the thermal conductivity of wood decreased. The effect of heat treating temperature on thermal conductivity was identical for fir and beech wood. The highest decrease in thermal conductivity occurred at 212°C for both wood species. When compared with untreated wood, the decreases in thermal conductivity at 170°C, and 212°C for fir and beech wood were 2%, 9 and 2%, 16% respectively. Depending on heat treatment temperature, the decrease found out beech in high temperature is higher than that of fir. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011 相似文献
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膜生物反应器中污泥EPS的提取方法 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
采用七种方法(热、酸、碱处理等)提取MBR(Membrane Bioreactor)中污泥EPS(extracellular polymeric substances),研究了这些方法对于污泥EPS的最佳提取条件。在综合考虑各种方法的精确性、操作简易度、提取效果、对污泥细胞的破坏程度后,确定EDTA二钠提取(浓度2%,3h)和热提取(80℃,45min)是最简便有效的两种提取方法。NaOH提取(1mol.L-1,2h)对污泥细胞具有很大的破坏作用,投加甲醛(浓度2%,2h)之后提取核酸含量减少了21.5%,降低了NaOH溶液提取对于细胞的破坏作用。 相似文献
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AbstractBeech wood has a high frequency of defects such as red heartwood, reaction wood (tension wood). For the experimental measurements four logs without visible defects like red heartwood, which can noticeably affects the measurements' results were qualified. The drying medium temperature in the first phase of the process before the moisture content of the specimens fell below the FSP was maintained at 45?°C. Then, the temperature was gradually increased to the maximum value 65?°C. The results showed that different initial wood moisture content does not affect to final value of tension and normal wood. The colorimetric parameter L* was much higher for tension wood. After steaming, there were greater differences in the colorimetric parameters, respectively, a* and b*. After drying the difference of all colorimetric parameters between tension and normal wood was significantly less. The color changes were only noticed in the surface layers of specimens. Differences were small, and thus, the impact of the tension wood on the color changes was not confirmed. However, since the lightness of tension wood plays a key role for its visual detection, it may be adequate to only measure the lightness parameter (L*). 相似文献
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介绍了膨体变形丝(BCF)的有色切片纺丝、色母粒着色纺丝、熔体着色纺丝和本色切片纺丝后染色的着色方法;从原料、设备和工艺等方面剖析了有色BCF产生色差的原因,提出了预防措施;指出提高色母粒质量,采用高精度色母粒计量添加装置,选择适宜的工艺条件可降低有色BCF的色差。 相似文献
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Colored fibers can be blended in a certain proportion to achieve a specific color. It is a very hard task for the colorist to find a good recipe to meet the final product without the aid of computer. In this article, a color separation method for the colored fiber blends is discussed to substitute for some manual work. The fuzzy C‐means cluster is a way to group the color in the colored fiber blends image. The distance index, which is a key factor during the fuzzy C‐means cluster process, is calculated in the RGB color space and the HSV color space with some transformation. The final experiment result proved that the colors of each pixel in the blends' image can be replaced by corresponding cluster center associating colors in the HSV color space, and the main texture as well as the main color information about the fibers in the image is preserved. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2012 相似文献
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环氧树脂老化是高压套管常见事故,掌握高压套管外部环氧树脂老化规律,探索其老化监测手段对于高压套管服役具有重要意义。为此,对玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂(EP/GF)进行不同温度(85~145 ℃)180 h老化,采用拉伸与弯曲试验测试老化后样件强度,结合拉、弯实验断口形貌,分析其强度下降原因。利用比色计监测老化后色度、光泽度变化,建立色差变化与强度变化曲线,尝试提出采用色差监测老化程度的技术路线。结果表明:热老化降低EP/GF拉伸强度和弯曲强度,且温度越高下降越明显;同时EP/GF复合材料断裂形式从低温下塑性断裂转变为脆性断裂,其原因在于EP树脂老化引起的粉化,导致树脂与纤维出现分离。热老化同时带来明显的色差变化,因此采用色差变化来反映老化程度这一技术路线可行。 相似文献
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通过造型和色彩光影两方面的分析,阐述了景德镇釉上彩花鸟画寻求突破传统,应从装饰手法入手,营造新的审美理念,创造极强表现力且有装饰意味的形式语言。 相似文献
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以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵作为插层剂,采用阳离子交换法对钠基蒙脱土粉体进行有机改性制备有机蒙脱土(OMMT);采用熔融插层法制得聚苯硫醚(PPS)/OMMT复合材料并将复合材料进行热处理;利用红外光谱技术研究热处理前后PPS树脂及其复合材料的结构变化,对PPS的热氧化机理进行探讨;利用电脑测色配色仪对热处理前后的PPS树脂及其复合材料颜色的变化值进行测试。结果表明:与纯PPS树脂相比,OMMT的添加可以在一定程度上提高PPS树脂的抗氧化性;经过热处理后PPS树脂及PPS/OMMT复合材料均发生不同程度的氧化,苯环上发生交联,C—S键上发生氧化;C—H的面外弯曲振动峰及苯环C—O伸缩振动峰均发生蓝移;PPS/OMMT复合材料的色度变化程度明显降低,其中添加质量分数为5%的OMMT的复合材料的抗氧化效果较好。 相似文献
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Wood products are often treated by different techniques to improve their longevity when used as building materials. Most of the time, the goal is to increase their resistance to weathering effects, deformations in material dimensions or biotic decomposition. These wood treatment techniques have a significant impact on pyrolysis and burning behavior. The general effects of three different common wood treatments on flame retardancy were investigated by comparing treated woods with their untreated counterparts and with other kinds of wood. While the acetylation of beech leads to a slightly increased fire hazard, the thermal treatment of wood and crosslinking of cellulose microfibrils dimethyloldihydroxy-ethyleneurea show a limited flame retarding effect. Switching to woods with a higher lignin content, and thus higher char yield, however, results in a more pronounced improvement in flame retardancy performance. This article delivers a comprehensive and balanced assessment of the general impact of different wood modifications on the fire behavior. Further, it is a valuable benchmark for assessing the flame retardancy effect of other wood modifications. 相似文献
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对45钢彩色化学镀镍磷的镀液成分、工艺参数、着色方法进行了比较深入的研究,发现钼酸铵和次亚磷酸钠可以作为着色液的主要成分,并确定了化学镀Ni-P后着色的工艺方法。经多次实验确定了各组分最佳浓度范围,以及温度、搅拌速度等工艺:钼酸铵0.25~0.30 g/L,次亚磷酸钠0.80~0.90 g/L,温度85~90℃,搅拌器转速50~75 r/min。经过不同时间可得到蓝、黄、紫、天蓝或彩虹等不同颜色。 相似文献
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分别以木粉、竹粉、稻壳粉三种木质纤维为填料,高密度聚乙烯(PE–HD)为基体,采用模压成型法制备木塑复合材料,对复合材料的热膨胀性能和热失重特性进行了研究。结果表明,三种木质纤维填充PE–HD复合材料的线性热膨胀系数顺序为:PE–HD/木粉复合材料PE–HD/竹粉复合材料PE–HD/稻壳粉复合材料;PE–HD/木粉复合材料的线性热膨胀系数随着木粉含量的增加和木粉粒径的减小而减小,木粉质量分数为65%、粒径为150μm时,复合材料的线性热膨胀系数最小。PE–HD基木塑复合材料的热分解过程分为两个阶段,第一阶段主要为木质纤维分解阶段,第二阶段主要是PE–HD分解阶段;PE–HD/木粉复合材料起始失重温度高于竹粉和稻壳粉填充的复合材料;且PE–HD/木粉复合材料中木粉含量越高,第一阶段分解速率及失重量越大;木粉粒径越小,复合材料起始分解温度越低。 相似文献
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探索TCS法生产 92dtex/3 6f涤纶三叶形黑色长丝 ,生产工艺条件为 :干切片与色母粒含水率分别应小于 2 0 μg/g与 40 μg/g ,螺杆温度稍低于常规纺丝温度 ,热管温度 190℃ ,生产的有色异形涤纶长丝优等品率达 90 %。 相似文献
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铈和钛以不同的配比可以将玻璃着成从黄到橙一系列颜色,在铈钛着色的玻璃中加入适量的乳浊剂NaSiF6可以制得光色性能类似于象牙的象牙黄乳浊玻璃。生产铈钛着色象牙黄玻璃必须保持着色剂及玻璃组成的稳定和生产工艺制度的稳定。 相似文献