冷却水工程中湍浮力射流的三维数值模拟

本文作者针对冷却水工程的实际问题，应用浮力修正的ｋ－ε双方程湍流模型及控制容积法，对有横向来流条件下的表面湍浮力射流进行了三维的数值模拟，成功地预测了由温度引起的分流现象，拓宽了湍流模型在该领域的应用。     

同流中不同流速比对多孔热浮射流的影响

利用雷诺应力模型对同向流动环境中3孔热水浮射流进行数值模拟,得出了不同流速比下的速度场,温度场,并对结果进行了对比分析。探讨了不同流速比时各股射流之间的相互影响,最后得出3种流速比下的射流轨迹线。     

湍浮力射流形成区内特性的预报

应用作者所提出的数学模型和计算方法,对浮力射流形成区内的特性进行了预报。得出了形成区内中线流速、温度和湍动能的沿程变化,以及射流核的长度和掺入速度。也得出了流速、温度和湍动能在断面上的分布。并分析和讨论了出口条件及环境分层对这些特性的影响。     

湍浮力射流形成后区特性的预报

应用作者所提出的数学模型和计算方法,对浮力射流形成后区的特性进行了预报。得出中性浮力点以前的形成后区,可分为非浮力区、过渡区和卷流区。得到了非浮力区和卷流区的时均流速、时均温差、雷诺切应力、湍动能及其耗散率的分布和湍动能的平衡。这些预报结果与试验资料基本吻合。     

矩形槽中矩形边墩周围流速分布试验研究

利用声学多普勒流速仪,对矩形断面明渠中矩形边墩周围三维流速进行测量,并对时均流速3个方向分量进行了研究.通过对边墩周围不同垂直及水平面流速的分析表明:受柱体的影响,柱体上游行进水流与壁面产生分离,并有涡旋产生;柱体下游纵向水流逆向运动,产生回流,横向流速和垂向流速非常小,可以忽略不计.     

非静态环境中负浮力射流模拟研究

以计算流体学软件Fluent为基础,通过求解基于雷诺数平均法(RANS)的标准紊流模型对非静态环境中第一种形式的负浮力射流进行了模拟和研究,并用Tecplot处理了Fluent计算求得的曲线,由此得出了该种形式的负浮力射流从开始到结束过程中不同时刻的水流流态图以及整个流动过程的流线分布图。将模拟结果与理论计算结果进行对比、分析,表明该模拟结果与理论计算结果和实际情况吻合,说明该模型和方法能够计算此类负浮力射流。     

“Meandering” Effects on the Diffusion of Continuous Dye Plumes in Coastal Currents

Experimental data on the diffusion of fluorescent dye plumes were obtained in the nearshore zone of the Great Lakes. The transport and diffusion of continuous dye plumes may be studied either in a frame of reference moving with the centre of gravity of the plume or in a frame of reference fixed to the stationary source. Conventionally, the former is referred to as “relative” diffusion and the latter as “absolute” diffisuion. The inter-link between the two concepts is explained by the random movements of the centre of gravity of the diffusing dye plume usually referred to as the “meandering”.In the past, experimental data from continuous dye plumes in coastal currents have been used to study “relative” diffusion, neglecting the random movements of the centre of gravity. In reality, however, “meandering” appears to be a more efficient agency than “relative” diffusion from the practical point of view of dispersing effluents over larger volume of the water body.In the present analysis, particular attention is given to delineate the two component physical processes of “relative” diffusion and “meandering” diffusion, by extended sampling of the dye plume to cover time scales of both the processes. Calculated horizontal eddy diffusivity K_y in “absolute” diffusion is greater by a factor of 2 as compared to “relative” diffusion. Very high peak/mean concentration ratios observed as the centre of the plume are a direct result of “meandering” due to large scale turbulent eddies.     

The Impact of Surface Heat Flux and Wind on Thermal Stratification in Portage Lake,Michigan

Portage Lake is situated near the center of the Keweenaw Peninsula and is connected to Lake Superior via lengthy (> 7 km) navigation channels. Using moored thermistor records and meteorological data, we examine how changes in lake stratification are related to surface winds and heat flux. Frequent episodes of full water column mixing are observed throughout the summer. Convective mixing through surface cooling appears to be an important agent responsible for these events, as all occur during cold air outbreaks and when the net heat flux is directed out of the lake (negative). However, wind-induced mixing is also implicated in contributing to some vertical mixing events, as evidenced by two events initiated during a period of strong winds and declining, but not yet negative, heat fluxes. Our analysis indicates that each time the water column restratifies, it tends to become more susceptible to convectively-driven overturn during cold air outbreaks. This tendency is quantified by the estimated time over which surface cooling due to a specified set of conditions, characteristic of a cold air outbreak, would reduce the temperature contrast between the upper and lower layers by half. This time declines by more than an order of magnitude for successive restratification events observed in the summer of 1999. Our analysis also reveals successive formation and dissolution of a diurnal surface mixed layer in an otherwise homogeneous water column during a 10-day period of August 1999. This is attributed to the combination of relatively light winds and negative daily net heat fluxes.     

浅水型同流污水排放近区稀释特性

用三维湍流模式结合混合有限分析法对浅水型同流情况下污水排放的近区稀释特性进行了数值计算，与Ｐａｒｒ和ＭｃＧｕｉｒｋ的试验资料进行了对比，两者吻合较好，进而给出了温度和速度的沿程变化规律以及浮力射流的分叉现象。     

Tracking River Plumes with Volatile Halocarbon Contaminants: The Niagara River—Lake Ontario Example

The concentrations of six predominant volatile halocarbon contaminants CCl₄, total and industrial CHCl₃, CHBrCl₂, CH₂Cl₂, CFCl₃, and C₂Cl₄ in epi- and hypolimnetic lake waters are used to demonstrate tributary plumes and nearshore currents on the Lake Ontario/Niagara River example. The relative speed and sensitivity of the analysis for volatile halocarbons provides for a synoptic view of the major currents at the time of sampling. For example, the individual distributions of several contaminants indicate the existence of a Niagara River surface water plume in northerly direction for approximately 8 km into the lake. In contrast, the predominantly east-west isostats of the contaminant concentrations in the hypolimnetic water indicate little direct influence by the Niagara River and show the existence of other contaminant sources in these areas.     

碾压混凝土坝上游面设短缝对温度应力的影响

1 引言 广西壮族自治区百色水利枢纽工程主坝为碾压混凝土重力坝,坝顶高程234.00m,顶宽10m,最大坝高130m,坝底宽约100m。坝体除基础垫层混凝土为R_(28)=20MPa的常态混凝土外,其余均为碾压混凝土。坝体上游面防渗体采用R_(180)=20MPa碾压混凝土,下游面164.00～220.00m高程设6m厚的R_(180)=20MPa的碾压混凝土,其余部位均为R_(180)=15MPa的碾压混凝土。根据枢纽布置要求和经过多方案比较,最后确定大坝横缝间距为27m,经计算分析,坝体上游面沿坝轴线方向拉应力仍然比较大。因此,为了优化设计,提出坝体上游面设短缝方案。本文采用三维有限元浮动网格法,按照设计施工进度安排和碾压混凝土浇筑温度,对坝段上游面设短缝和不设短缝方案分别进行了仿真计算。结果表明,坝段上游面设3m深短缝后,可以大大减小坝体上游面及附近的拉应力。     

矩形容器内流体晃动的数值模拟

本文应用ＭＡＣ方法对矩形容器内一层和两层流体由水平激振所引发的晃动进行了数值模拟。计算取与容器固联的坐标系，视激振加速度为质量力，计算结果在流场的形态等方面与实验观测基本一致。     

大型矩形渡槽全程动态跟踪分析

采用大型有限元软件ANSYS,以双洎河矩形渡槽为研究对象,对其整体结构在施工期与运营期的应力、位移情况进行了分析,得出了槽身混凝土材料在不同受力阶段的力学行为变化规律,为今后类似渡槽的设计和施工提供了理论依据。     

矩形渠槽水面线的解析近似算法

采用常规的分段求和法完成矩形断面明渠水面线计算,不但存在误差累积且计算工作量大、效率低。依据优化拟合理论,以标准剩余差最小为目标函数,在工程适用参数范围内,经拟合计算获得了由一个简化通用算式替代原积分中的不可积函数,不但实现了由差分逐断面推算改为直接完成求解,且由于正、负拟合误差的相互抵消,使最终计算成果的精度进一步提高。利用该近似公式完成矩形断面明渠水面线计算,可使求解过程大大简化,工作效率明显提高,具有实用推广意义。     

1200T级矩形加肋渡槽架设施工技术

渡槽是广泛运用于引水式电站、灌溉及城镇供水等输水工程中的主要建筑物。某调水工程孟楼渡槽为目前国内最大的矩形多肋预制渡槽,安装精度要求高,施工难度大。就长距离1 200 T级大跨度预制渡槽架设技术、槽身安装施工工艺及安全措施进行了阐述和分析,该技术采用新型渡槽提、运、架专用设备,沿工程线路架设安装,实现大型预制渡槽工程高效施工。     

水平矩形扩散水跃跃长的研究

水平矩形扩散水跃跃长是设计扩散消力池的一个重要参数,但由于扩散水跃比较复杂,所以矩形扩散水跃跃长的计算迄今无理论公式可循,工程界仍采用实验公式,目前水平矩形扩散水跃跃长的实验公式较多,各家对水跃长度的定义不同,跃后断面的不稳定性,以及由模型和原型间比尺效应引起水跃跃长的差别,这     

矩形断面收缩水深的简化计算法

针对目前矩形断面收缩水深计算方法存在的计算繁复、结果精度不高等问题,经过对矩形断面收缩水深基本方程的进一步整理,引入幂级数展开并经适当简化,获得了形式较为简单的迭代初值函数,经一次迭代后通过数学方法推求出了表达形式简单、容易记忆、计算简捷、便于实际应用、成果精度可靠的近似计算公式,通过精度分析及计算举例表明,在工程实用范围内（即0〈α≤0.4,α为无量纲水深）,计算相对误差小于0.54%,具有较好的应用推广价值。     

弹性地基上矩形水池底板的计算分析

本文利用弹性地基梁的直线分布模型、文克尔模型、弹性半无限体模型及有限压缩层模型对地基上矩形水池底板进行计算。在传统的计算方法与理正弹性地基梁分析软件的基础上,使用后三种地基线弹性模型对矩形水池底板在集中荷载和均布荷载的作用下进行计算。在找出各个模型的优缺点的同时,对矩形水池底板的两种计算结果进行对比,以便在以后的工程实际中更合理的使用地基线弹性模型和计算方法。     

矩形渡槽运行期人工模拟环境抗裂性能试验研究

针对已建渡槽运行期普遍出现的间接荷载作用下的裂缝问题,在人工气候模拟环境下开展单厢钢筋混凝土矩形渡槽模型试验研究,通过测量瞬态温度变化时空槽、通水两工况下的混凝土温度、应变的变化,分析矩形渡槽模型温度、应变规律及开裂风险区域。结果表明：空槽工况下渡槽的内外表面混凝土为开裂风险区域,通水时外表面及水位上方的内表面混凝土为开裂风险区域;降温前裸露部位应采取保温措施。     

U形和矩形混凝土渡槽温度应力对比分析

通过热-结构顺序耦合、三维有限元分析表明,U形和矩形渡槽温度应力大体相当,对于U形渡槽应注意横向应力,对于矩形渡槽应注意竖向应力.冬季工况下应采取适当的保温措施,注意应力超标,避免裂缝发生.