葡萄糖酸钠对萘系高效减水剂塑化水泥浆体流动性的影响(英文)

研究了掺萘系高效减水剂浆体中同时掺入葡萄糖酸钠时,对水泥浆体流动性和流动性损失的影响。适量的葡萄糖酸钠可显著提高浆体初始流动度,并降低流动度损失。采用紫外分光光度计、zeta电位仪、X衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜测试了浆体对萘系高效减水剂的吸附量、水泥颗粒表面电位、水化产物钙矾石X衍射峰值强度和微观形貌。结果表明:在同等萘系高效减水剂掺量下,葡萄糖酸钠延缓了钙矾石的生成,并与萘系减水剂在水泥颗粒表面形成竞争吸附,导致了水化过程中萘系高效减水剂消耗量的降低,增加了高效减水剂在水泥颗粒表面的有效吸附量。     

碱金属硫酸盐与减水剂对水泥浆体抗泌水能力的影响

通过测量水泥浆体的zeta电位,研究了碱金属硫酸盐对掺有萘系或聚羧酸减水剂的水泥浆体内自由溶液量的影响规律,以及碱金属硫酸盐和减水剂掺量对水泥浆体的保水能力和水泥颗粒之间作用力的影响,并讨论了浆体抗泌水能力变化的机理。结果表明:萘系减水剂和聚羧酸减水剂的加入都会降低浆体的自由溶液量,增加浆体保水能力;但在超过饱和掺量后,萘系减水剂会引起浆体内部吸附水量降低,对浆体产生不利影响,聚羧酸减水剂则没有类似作用。当水泥浆体中掺入碱金属硫酸盐时,聚羧酸减水剂受到的影响要显著小于萘系减水剂。在掺有减水剂的水泥浆体中,掺入适量的碱金属硫酸盐可以提高浆体的保水能力,降低泌水风险。萘系减水剂对应的碱金属硫酸盐最佳掺量约为2.7%SO3当量,聚羧酸减水剂则为2.5%SO3当量。碱金属硫酸盐通过快速溶出硫酸根离子,影响水泥颗粒表面电荷特性,进而影响浆体的抗泌水能力;溶解速率较慢的二水石膏没有类似作用。     

SP炉窑灰对水泥与减水剂相容性影响的研究

研究了不同掺量的SP炉窑灰对水泥与萘系减水剂、氨基磺酸盐减水剂和聚羧酸盐减水剂的相容性的影响,同时还探讨了石灰石对水泥与萘系减水剂相容性的影响。结果表明,掺适量SP炉窑灰的水泥与萘系减水剂的相容性良好,水泥浆体初始流动度大,无泌水、聚结等现象,但与氨基磺酸盐减水剂和聚羧酸盐减水剂的相容性较差,分别表现为初始流动度低和泌水、聚结现象严重;掺加石灰石的水泥净浆初始流动度增大,流动度经时损失减小。     

减水剂与低硫酸盐含量水泥的相容性

研究了硫酸盐含量不超过2.00%的胶凝材料中,硫酸盐含量变化对减水剂与胶凝材料相容性的影响规律及微观机理。通过测定0.39%～3.00%硫酸盐含量的浆体在相同流动度下的水胶比和减水剂掺量,确定硫酸盐含量降低对减水剂作用效果的影响规律。研究了减水剂的吸附行为和硫酸盐含量低于2.00%的水泥浆体早期水化产物的变化情况。结果表明:当水泥浆体中硫酸盐含量低于1.50%时,浆体硫酸盐含量的降低使水泥早期生成大量Ca(OH)2,新拌浆体Zeta电位显著提高,增加了减水剂的吸附量和早期水化产物对减水剂分子的包裹与吞噬作用。硫酸盐含量降低对低电荷密度的聚羧酸减水剂影响较小,因此,当胶凝材料中硫酸盐含量低于2.00%时,应尽量选取低电荷密度的聚羧酸减水剂,以避免相容性问题的出现。     

水泥浆体体系ζ-电位探究

本文通过电泳法系统测定了水泥浆体体系的ζ-电位,研究了实际工程应用中,对水泥浆体性质影响较大、实际可控的五个因素对水泥浆体ζ-电位的影响规律.研究证明:水化时间,掺合料对水泥浆体的ζ-电位影响不大;低水灰比时,水泥浆体中电解质离子浓度较高;聚羧酸减水剂能有效提高水泥颗粒表面ζ-电位,但聚羧酸减水剂对ζ-电位的影响不如萘系减水剂的大;适量硫酸盐可提高掺聚羧酸减水剂的水泥浆体ζ-电位,增加水泥颗粒间静电斥力,对水泥浆体的分散性和流动性有利.实验结论对研究水泥浆体的介电性质、流变性能及水泥与减水剂的分散性具有较高的理论参考价值.     

石膏对硅酸盐水泥与萘系减水剂相容性的影响

采用Marsh筒法研究了石膏的种类及掺量对硅酸盐水泥与萘系减水剂相容性的影响。研究结果表明：①水泥中掺加石膏的种类对萘系减水剂的饱和掺量点影响不大。②掺加脱硫石膏的水泥浆体的初始Marsh时间要小于掺加二水石膏的水泥浆体。当减水剂掺量较小时,掺加脱硫石膏时水泥浆体的60minMarsh时间要小于掺加二水石膏的;而当减水剂掺量在2．1％以上时,情况则反之：达到饱和掺量点后,掺有二水石膏的水泥浆体的Marsh时间经时损失率要小于掺有脱硫石膏的水泥浆体。⑨在萘系减水剂的掺量较小时,随着水泥中石膏掺量的增加,水泥浆体的Marsh时间呈减小趋势;当萘系减水剂掺量增加到一定程度时,随着水泥中石膏掺量的增加,这种趋势不再明显。④对于初始Marsh时间来说,随着石膏掺量的增加,减水剂的饱和掺量点明显下降。而对于60minMarsh时间来说,随着石膏掺量的增加,减水剂的饱和掺量点则保持不变。     

半水石膏含量对水泥与外加剂相容性的影响

研究了水泥中半水石膏含量变化对水泥与萘系、密胺和脂肪族等五大类减水剂的相容性影响。结果证明，水泥中半水石膏的含量与水泥对外加剂的相容性关系极为密切，且对于每种减水剂均有最佳掺量点。当半水石膏含量占石膏总量25％-50％时，水泥浆体的经时损失变化较小，初始流动度达到最大值。     

泥粉对掺高效减水剂水泥浆体流动性的影响及对策研究

采用从砂中洗出来的泥粉外掺入到萘系、氨基磺酸盐及聚羧酸三种高效减水剂塑化的水泥浆体中,测试其流动度.测试结果表明,随泥粉掺量的增大,浆体流动度出现不同程度的降低.采用保持水/(水泥+泥粉)不变和掺入适量缓凝剂葡萄糖酸钠的方法改善浆体流动度,测试结果表明掺萘系和氨基磺酸盐高效减水剂浆体的流动度得以改善,而掺聚羧酸高效减水剂浆体的流动度则改善效果不明显.最后通过测试水泥浆体和泥浆的Zeta电位和对高效减水剂的吸附量,分析了泥粉对掺三种高效减水剂水泥浆体流动性产生不同影响的原因.     

外加剂添加时间对水泥浆体吸附和分散性能的影响

通过分析外加剂添加时间对水泥浆体吸附、Zeta电位、流动度的影响及其相互关系,研究了萘系高效减水剂和聚羧酸系高效减水剂对普通硅酸盐水泥浆体吸附及分散性能的影响.结果表明:随减水剂添加时间的延迟,水泥颗粒对萘系减水剂和聚羧酸减水剂的吸附量均急剧降低至趋于平缓;减水剂添加时间对水泥浆体吸附、电位与流动度之间关系的影响不同,随着添加时间的延长,减水剂吸附量降低、电位绝对值减小;萘系高效减水剂最佳掺加时间为加水后10 min左右,此时水泥颗粒对减水剂分子的吸附量偏低,对应的水泥浆体达到最佳的流动度;聚羧酸系高效减水剂与水同掺时吸附量最大,对应水泥浆体的流动度也最大.     

炭粉对萘系减水剂与水泥相容性影响的研究

以炭粉模拟研究萘系减水剂与水泥相容性的影响,测定了炭粉对水泥净浆流动性能、流变性能及吸附性能的影响,同时提出了炭粉对萘系减水剂的吸附模型。结果表明:(1)当炭粉含量为5%时,掺萘系减水剂的水泥浆体相容性不良;(2)炭粉可增大水泥净浆的粘度及屈服应力;(3)炭粉可使浆体由触变性逐渐转变为反触变性;(4)炭粉对萘系减水剂的吸附既有单分子层的化学吸附,也有单分子层或多分子层的物理吸附,符合Freundlich吸附模型。     

氢气纯度分析方法准确性的探讨

ONACCURACYOFANALYSISOFOFHYDROGEN1前言我公司目前应用的氢气纯度分析方法有两种,一种是爆炸反应法,另一种是焦性没食子酸吸收法。几年来,人们对两种分析方法的准确性曾有过褒贬不一的评论。这里我们也谈谈自己粗浅的观点。2爆炸法测定氢气纯度一定量的氢气样品与适量的空气之均匀混合物因反应后生成液体水而引起气体体积减少,减少的体积等于参加反应气体体积之和。其中l／3为氧气,2／3为氢气。根据氢气取样量和反应前后混气体体积之差,以及氢气在反应中的体积比例关系,可计算出样品的氢气纯度。计算公式式中：A一混…     

COMPARISON OF METHODS OF ANALYSIS OF GYPSUM1

The different analytical methods proposed for the evaluation of gypsum have been subjected to an experimental test. A combination method, consisting of a fusion with KHCO₃ and determination of CaO by KMnO₄ titration, the SO₃ by Andrews method of titration of BaCrO₄ has been found to give very reliable results with the least consumption of time.     

SEDIMENTATION OF BINARY MIXTURES OF PARTICLES OF UNEQUAL DENSITIES AND OF DIFFERENT SIZES

A model is developed for the sedimentation from a suspension of two particle species of unequal densities and of different sizes. The composition and the thickness of various layers in the sediments are predicted using graphical and analytical methods. The model predictions were in excellent agreement with experimental results, when the particle size ratio was ≥ 108. When size ratio of the particles was 2.60 and 4.31 the agreement occurred in about 50 percent of the cases.     

HEASUREHENT OF INSTANTANEOUS RATES OF LOSS OF VOIATILE COMPOUNDS DURING DRYING OF DROPS

A novel technique serves to monitor instantaneous rates of loss of a volatile solute from a suspended drop during drying. A highly sensitive electron capture detector is used to monitor concentrations of SF6 released into a flowing gas stream from a suspended, drying drop. Simultaneously, the appearance and morphological development of the drop are monitored with a video camera. This provides the wherewithal of relating instantaneous rates of loss of the volatile solute to particular events during the development of particle morphology.

Initial experiments have been carried out with drops of aqueous solutions of glucose, sucrose, maltodextrin and coffee extract. The results clearly display the onset of the volatiles-retentive selective diffusion phenomenon. There is also substantial loss of the volatile component later in the drying process, when the drops undergo repeated ex ansion, bursting and cratering due to the formation of internaf bubbles. These experiments appear to be the first quantitative demonstration of major losses accompanying changes in drop morphology.     

茶多酚提取方法进展

本文综述了国内外现有茶多酚提取方法的现状以及近期的研究进展，并对其优缺点进行了评价。这将有助于中低档茶的综合利用和茶多酚的进一步开发应用。     

几种针状焦性能对比

针状焦分石油系和煤系两大类,这主要取决于针状焦的原料来源。在同一系列中由于原料不同和工艺条件不同 ,针状焦的各自性能也不相同。针状焦是生产超高功率石墨电极和高功率石墨电极的主要原料 ,针状焦的性能对石墨电极的质量有至关重要的影响。所以对针状焦性能以及其对石墨电极质量影响的研究十分必要的。以下是常用的几种进口针状焦和国产针状焦的性能对比。１原料性能分析对比原料试样包括４种针状焦 ,其中两种为进口针状焦：三菱针状焦和新日化针状焦;另两种为国产针状焦：鞍山针状焦和锦州针状焦。其中除锦州针状焦是石油系针状焦外…     

ANALYSIS OF RECENT MEASUREMENTS OF THE VISCOSITY OF GLASSES

Viscosity of Simple Soda-Silicate 500° to 1400°C Comparison of the results given by English with those of Washburn, Shelton and Libman, indicates a discrepancy in the absolute values of log₁₀ viscosity amounting to 0.6, those of Washburn et al., being relatively too high. If correction for this is made, the isothermal curves of log₁₀ viscosity as a function of soda content are smooth up to 50% Na₂O, showing no inflection. The observations as a function of temperature T are all represented within accidental error by an equation of the type where all three constants vary regularly with the composition. Change of Viscosity of Glass (6SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to Molecular Substitution of CaO, MgO and Al₂O₃ for Na₂O The effect is clearly brought out by plotting (from the results of English) the change of log₁₀η due to the substitution as a function of temperature. The curves each show a sharp bend at a temperature between 840° and 1050°C, which is designated the aggregation temperature T_a. If we divide these curves by the corresponding percentage substituted, we get curves for each oxide which are straight and parallel below the aggregation temperatures, the slopes (increase of change of log₁₀η per 100°C) being −0.056 (CaO), −0.055 (MgO), −0.018 (A1₂O₃) per per cent oxide substituted. For substitution of 1/2 molecule the slopes are −0.325 (CaO), −0.23 (MgO) and −0.18 (Al₂O₃) per 100°. At the aggregation temperature the change of log₁₀η per per cent is a minimum, 0.03 to 0.06 for CaO, 0.12 for MgO, 0.07 for Al₂O₃. Evidence of Aggregation in Glasses, from viscosity Measurements The sharp bends in the plots of change of log₁₀η due to substitution of an oxide for Na₂O, suggest the beginning of molecular aggregation at these temperatures. These aggregation temperatures are close to the devitrification temperatures, but the effect on the viscosity curves cannot be due to actual devitrification since it does not change with time. Taking the aggregation temperatures as equal to devitrification temperatures, additional isotherms are roughly sketched into the equilibrium triangle of the system Na₂O-CaO-SiO₂. Change of Viscosity of Glass (4SiO₂, 2Na₂O) due to of Substitution of B₂O₃ for SiO₂ The change of log₁₀η (from the results of English) is plotted as a function of temperature, and also the change of log₁₀η per per cent B₂O₃. The curves are more complex than for the substitution for Na₂O.     

环氧树脂羟基值测定方法的研究

利用乙酸酐、吡啶和浓硫酸混合的乙酰化试剂测定环氧树脂中羟基值含量的方法具有操作简便、滴定终点明显和分析结果误差小等优点。     

骑式摩托车油箱喷涂工艺的改进

面对日益激烈的市场竞争,摩托车油箱外观质量越来越成为影响销售的因素之一。文章介绍了改进工艺后的油箱涂装,该涂装体系提高了油箱外观的丰满度,降低了油箱涂装的生产成本。     

聚酰亚胺的合成法

本文评述了缩聚型聚酰亚胺的主要合成方法和近年来国际上在合成中所做的探索。