CdS/Cu纳米光催化剂降解废水中的HMX和RDX试验研究（英）

The wastewater with HMX and RDX was treated by photodegradation process in the presence of cadmium sulfide doped with copper as photocatalyst under UV and Vis irradiations.The influence on the degration of Cu% as dopant in CdS/Cu nanoparticles,pH of solution,dosage of photocatalyst and concentration of explosives were studied.The XRD patterns and UV-Vis spectra were used to characterize the nanoparticle.Results show that the degradation efficiency for HMX and RDX wastewater reaches 85%-88% in the presence of Cd0.95Cu0.05S under 180 min UV irradiation.The dosage of 160.0 mg·L-1 of photocatalyst and the pH of 7 are the optimum.A gradual decrease in degradation at the first two cycles is seen.     

Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of Water-Cooled Gun Barrel During Burst Firing

The thermo-mechanical stress and deformation of water-cooled gun barrel during burst firing are studied by finite element analysis （FEA）. The problem is modeled in two steps： 1） A transient heat transfer analysis is first carried out in order to determine temperature evolution and to predict the residual temperatures during the burst firing event; 2） The thermo-mecha-nical stresses and deformation caused by both the residual temperature field and the gas pressure are then calculated. The results show that the residual temperature field tends to a steady state with the increasing of rounds. The residual temperature field has much effect on the gun barrel stress and deformation, especially on the assembly area between barrel and water jacket. The gage between the barrel and water jacket is the critical factor to the thermo- mechanical stress and deformation. The results of this analysis will be very useful to develop the new strength design theory of the liquid-cooled gun barrel.     

Experimental Study on Plasma Temperature of Semiconductor Bridge

The plasma temperature of the semiconductor bridge (SCB) was measured in real-time according to relative intensity ratio of dual lines of atomic emission spectrum.The plasma temperature under different discharge pulses and the influence of discharge pulse energy on it were studied.The results show that the plasma peak temperature rises gradually with the increase of initial discharging voltage and charging capacitance.For the capacitance of 22 μF,if the initial discharging voltage increases from 21 V to 63 V,the plasma peak temperature rises from 2 000 K to 6 200 K.For the discharging voltage of 39 V,the peak temperature rises from 2 200 K to 3 800 K when the capacitance increases from 6.8 μF to 100 μF.The change of pulse discharge has a very small effect on the plasma temperature at the late time discharge (LTD).In view of the change of plasma temperature with the pulse energy,the discharging voltage has a greater effect on the plasma temperature than the capacitance.The results provide some experimental basis for the further research on SCB ignition and detonation mechanisms.     

Experimental Research on Tank Exhaust's Thermal Restraint Based on Thermoelectric Generation Theory

Aimed at the high temperature of tank's exhaust, the principle of applying thermoelectric generation technology to tank thermal restraint was analyzed. Its application experiments were conducted to test the exhaust temperature under different rotating speeds, The experiment results show that the thermoelectric generator can output sufficient electric energy to drive fans; the external surface temperature of radiator is reduced by over 65.0% compared with exhaust surface due to the combination effect of thermoelectric conversion, fan cooling and heat radiation; the exhaust surface temperature rise caused by increase of the engine's rotating speed results in the increases of the temperature difference of the thermoelectric generator's cold and hot sides, the fan's driving voltage and heat convection, thus, the effect of fan's cooling is more obvious than that of the temperature rise caused by exhaust.     

超声空化与Fenton试剂联合作用降解RDX废水的研究

将超声空化与Fenton试剂联合,在常温下对RDX废水进行了处理.结果表明:US/Fenton试剂法对RDX废水的处理效果较好;当超声频率为40kHz、RDX废水含量为180mg/L、pH为3、10%双氧水用量为0.60mL、10%FeSO4溶液用量为0.12mL(FeSO4·7H2O用量满足n相似文献   

Effects of Pretreatment Conditions on Redox Property over Au/Co3O4/CeO2 Material

Au/Co3O4/CeO2 materials are prepared using conventional deposition-precipitation method. The effects of calci- nation temperatures and pretreatment conditions on the catalytic performance of Au/Co304/CeO2 for CO low-temperature oxidation in humid circumstance are investigated. The sample calcines at 443 K in flowing air exhibited good activity and stability for CO oxidation. 80 % CO conversion rate can be achieved after 3 000 min with a feed gas contained 3.1% （9w） of water vapor. The physical and chemical properties of the Au/Co304/CeO2 samples are characterized by X-ray diffrac- tion （XRD）, temperature-programmed reduction （H2-TPR）, and transmission electron microscopy （TEM） techniques. The characterized results show that the prepared material calcined at 443 K has a weak diffraction peak of gold species observed by XRD, the grain diameter of 3 nm by TEM and best redox property and the highest activity for CO oxidation by H2-TPR at prope calcined temperature.     

Fenton氧化和光助Fenton氧化处理黑索今回收过程废水

采用Fenton氧化和光助Fenton氧化对黑索今回收过程废水处理进行研究,考察了FeS04浓度、H202浓度、pH、反应时间和反应温度等因素对处理过程的影响规律。结果表明：FeS04浓度和废水的pH值都存在最佳值,分别为FeS04 700 mg/L和pH 2.5;COD去除率随着H202浓度增大而增大,随温度的升高而降低;5 min反应基本完成;当H2 02浓度为100 mg／L反应温度为15℃时,COD去除率可达82.07%．在光助Fenton下,FeS04的适宜浓度降低为50 mg/L.     

Catalysis of Nanometer α-Fe2O3 on the Thermal Decomposition of AP

Nanometer α-Fe2O3 catalysts were prepared by hydrolyzation in high temperature. Three kinds of precipitators, NaOH, (NH4)2CO3 and urea were used to compare the effect in the process of hydrolyzation. Nanometer sizer, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to test the profiles and diameters of the product particles. The test results indicate that the production is nanometer α-Fe2O3 with narrow particle size distribution (PSD) and good dispersibility. The catalysts are mixed with ammonia perchlorate (AP) in 1.0 wt.%. And the composite particles of catalysts with AP are prepared using a new solvent-nonsolvent method. Differential thermal analyzer (DTA) is employed to analysis the thermal decomposition of the composite particles and pure AP sample. The results imply that the thermal decomposition curve peaks of the samples in which nanometer α-Fe2O3 catalysts are added appear comparatively more ahead than that of pure AP sample. Among these mixtures added nanometer material, the smaller the particle diameter of catalyst is, the more ahead the thermal decomposition curve peaks of AP appear. The high and low temperature thermal decomposition curve peaks of AP mixed with the catalyst deposed by urea are more ahead of 77.8℃ and 9.7℃ than that of pure AP, respectively. The mechanism of the catalyst deposed by urea with smaller diameter and the distinct catalysis of the particles on the thermal decomposition of AP are discussed.     

基于不同爆轰产物的格尼速度估算新方法（英）

A new method for prediction of Gurney velocity of explosives is introduced in which energy output is correlated with the heat of detonation, the number of moles of gaseous products of detonation per gram of explosive and the average molecular weight of gaseous products. It is assumed that the CHNO explosive reacts to form products composed of N2 , CO, H2O, CO2, H2,O2 and C（s） as determined by the oxygen balance of the unreacted compound. Good agreement is obtained between measured and calculated values of Gurney velocity as compared to previous correlations which assumed the reaction products to consist of N2 , H2O, CO2 and either C（s） or O2.     

Numerical Simulation of Airflow Field and Structure Improvement in Engine Compartment of Armored Vehicles with Electric Transmission

When the mechanical drive is changed into the electric transmission,the cooling system of the engine compartment should be altered to meet the new requirement for the increasing in equipment such as electric apparatus.In order to predict and analyze the rationality of cooling system in the virtual engine compartment,the numerical simulation of airflow fields in the engine compartment by using computational fluid dynamics（CFD） technique is necessary.An armored vehicle with electric transmission in the research is taken as the research object.The physical model and mathematical model for the computation of 3D air flow and heat transfer in the engine compartment of an armored vehicle with electric transmission is established.Turbulent flow in the compartment is described by using the standard k-ε two-equation turbulence model.The temperature and velocity fields of 3D air flow in the engine compartment are numerically simulated and analyzed based on different fan＇s flux.A theoretical basis for determination of the fan＇s flux is given by the simulation results.The positions of the air-vent shutter are analyzed.The simulation results show that the different positions of the air-vent shutter can lead to different cooling efficiencies.     

旋转填料床强化Fenton试剂处理DNT废水实验研究

采用旋转填料床强化Fenton试剂处理DNT废水,确定了最佳工艺条件:Fe2+投加量为0.07mol/L,H2O2的投加量为0.53mol/L,pH值为1,温度为40℃,反应时间为5h,旋转填料床转速为1 500r·min-1;该条件下处理DNT废水,COD去除率达到98.57％,硝基化合物去除率达到97.64％,BOD/COD为0.62,后续处理可采用一般生化法;并对该最佳工艺条件进行放大化研究,为该法的工业化应用奠定基础.     

阴极电芬顿法电极材料的选择及处理印染废水的研究

讨论了阴极电芬顿体系中电极材料的选择标准,并通过比较选择以钛涂钌铱电极、活性碳纤维电极作为阳极、阴极材料。利用自制的电芬顿反应器,对影响体系处理印染废水效果的各相关因素进行研究。结果表明:阴极电芬顿法处理印染废水效果良好,最佳反应条件:pH值为3,FeSO4投加量为150 mg/L,曝气量为0.1 m3/h,电压为9 V,反应时间为40min,此时COD的去除率最高,可达到73.5%。     

旋转填料床中O3/H2O2法处理TNT红水

研究了在旋转填料床中O3/H2O2法处理TNT红水的特性规律。考察了超重力因子β、O3/H2O2摩尔比、红水初始pH值、液气比等因素对红水化学需氧量(COD)去除率的影响。结果表明,随着pH值的增大超重力因子β对COD去除率的影响增大,β大于100后COD去除率增大趋势变缓;最佳初始pH值为11左右;H2O2与O3最优摩尔比为1左右;COD去除率随液气比增大呈先增大后减小的趋势,适宜的液气比为0.25。     

RuO2-IrO2-SnO2／Ti电极电催化氧化降解苯酚废水

针对火炸药废水中所含苯酚类污染物排放量大、难降解的问题,以RuO_2-IrO_2-SnO_2/Ti为阳极、Ti为阴极,氯化钠为电解质,采用电催化氧化法对模拟含苯酚火炸药废水进行了研究。考察了氯化钠浓度、电流密度、pH值、苯酚废水初始浓度对苯酚去除率等的影响。在苯酚去除率最佳的条件下研究了总有机碳(TOC)、化学需氧量(COD)去除率随时间的变化。采用高效液相色谱法推测了降解苯酚的中间产物及过程。结果表明,在氯化钠浓度为13 g·L~(-1),电流密度为30 mA·cm~(-2),pH值为5,苯酚废水初始浓度为500 mg·L~(-1)的条件下,反应60 min,苯酚去除率可达99.85%。在苯酚去除率最佳的条件下,反应100 min,TOC和COD的去除率分别可达53.55%、59.37%。该电极易于催化ClO~-、·OH等活性基团与苯环发生亲电加成反应生成芳香族化合物,并迅速将其氧化降解为脂肪族化合物及CO_2和H_2O。     

用自制的锐钛型掺杂TiO2对苯酚进行可见光催化降解

采用水热法制备的锐钛型掺铁TiO2在可见光照射下对有机污染物苯酚进行光催化降解,着重研究苯酚溶液的浓度、pH、TiO2掺铁量、TiO2用量、反应时间等因素的影响。结果表明,在苯酚溶液初始质量浓度为80 mg/L、pH=4、TiO2掺铁量0.02%(摩尔数分数)、TiO2的质量浓度为20 g/L、室温20℃下可见光照射反应40 min,苯酚的降解率达到94.14%。     

UV-Fenton方法处理偏二甲肼废水

利用UV-Fenton方法处理偏二甲肼(UDMH)废水,以废水中UDMH和化学需氧量(COD)的去除率为检测指标,通过正交实验确定了反应的主要影响因素以及最佳工艺组合,并比较研究了五种反应体系的降解情况,初步探讨了中间产物的变化规律.实验结果表明:常温下,H2O2为1.5 Qth(theoretical quantity),pH值在3.5左右,Fe2+与H2O2的摩尔比为110时,经过45 min的UV-Fenton氧化降解,UDMH废水(400 mg/L)中UDMH去除率可达到99%以上,COD去除率可达到95.8%.     

含RDX的炸药废水O3氧化处理试验研究

为研究臭氧(O3)对含黑索今(RDX)的炸药废水的处理效率,向RDX废水连续通O3进行试验,采样分析RDX浓度、化学需氧量(COD)等。结果表明:浓度为3.0 mg.L-1的O3氧化10 mg.L-1的RDX 2 h可使RDX去除58.01%;pH=12,O3氧化4 h可除去约83.15%的RDX;提高废水的pH值、降低RDX浓度及提高温度均利于O3氧化效率的提高。可见,对于pH值较高、浓度较低的RDX废水,单独利用O3氧化法处理是可行的。     

溶胶共沉淀法制备PbSnO_3超细粉末的正交试验研究

以Pb(NO3)2和SnCl4·5H2O为主要原料,采用溶胶共沉淀法制备超细粉末PbSnO3,通过XRD、激光粒度分析和SEM表征粉体的结构、粒度以及粉体的形貌。通过正交试验对试验条件进行优化,结果表明:在Pb(NO3)2溶液的浓度为0.1mol/L、溶液的pH值为8～9、PEG-200的加入质量分数为5%、反应温度为65℃的最优条件下制得PbSnO3粉体为球形,且分散性较好。     

过氧化氢增强紫外-臭氧降解偏二甲肼

建立了氧化偏二甲肼(UDMH)废水的H_2O_2-UV-O_3氧化体系。以偏二甲肼和化学需氧量(COD)的去除率为检测指标,用正交实验确定了反应的主要影响因素和最佳工艺组合。比较了O_3、UV-O_3、UV-H_2O_2、H_2O_2-UV-O_3四种反应体系的降解情况。初步探讨了中间产物的变化规律。结果表明:在pH=9.0,鼓气处理24 h,臭氧投加速率19.6 mg·(L·min)-1,过氧化氢与偏二甲肼的物质的量之比为5∶1,紫外线类型VUV+UV-C,反应时间1.5h的条件下,偏二甲肼废水(质量分数1%)中偏二甲肼去除率和COD去除率可分别达到99.99%和99.30%。