静磁场控制板坯连铸结晶器液面波动

 用Pb Sn Bi低熔点合金进行了热模拟实验,研究了在静磁场作用下板坯连铸结晶器内的液面波动行为。实验结果表明可应用静磁场控制结晶器内金属液面的波动,且磁场对表面波动的抑制作用有一最佳值,即磁感应强度为05 T时液面平均波动最小。为此,为了减少由于液面波动引起的连铸板坯中的卷渣缺陷,有必要在一定的浇铸条件下优化磁感应强度。吹入氩气加剧了表面波动,且随着氩气流量的增加扰动加大。施加电磁制动能够使吹入氩气引起的液面波动受到显著的抑制。     

本钢板坯连铸结晶器液面波动原因分析及防止措施

通过对本钢230mm×1600mm板坯连铸结晶器液面波动的成因分析,提出了采用合适的包晶钢结晶器保护渣、降低结晶器冷却强度、增大二冷区上部冷却强度等解决板坯连铸结晶器液面波动的措施。     

板坯连铸结晶器自由液面波动的水模型研究

针对某板坯连铸机,采用1:1的水模型,研究了不同浸入式水口的侧孔倾角、不同拉速和浸入深度对自由液面波动、冲击深度和平均停留时间的影响.研究结果表明:板坯尺寸为1 750mm×230mm时,建议采用的最优工艺参数为浸入式水口的倾角为向下15°,拉速为1.2～1.4 m/min,浸入式水口的浸入深度为200～250 mm.     

连铸结晶器液面波动的模拟

基于Fr-We相似特征数,通过相似比例为0.6的水模型实验,系统地研究了拉速、浸入深度、吹气量、水口直径和侧孔倾角对结晶器液面波动的影响.结果表明:结晶器液面波动是由于气泡的逸出、流股对液面的直接冲击和驻波综合作用造成的;结晶器液面波随吹气量的增加而增大,拉速、浸入式水口的浸入深度、直径及侧孔倾角对液面波动的影响具有双重性.     

宽板坯连铸结晶器内液面波动的数值模拟

以150 mm×(1 600～3 250) mm宽板坯连铸结晶器为研究对象,利用大型商业软件ANSYS CFX10.0建立了一个三维有限体积模型,采用多相流的VOF模型对结晶器内保护渣-钢液界面波动进行数值模拟,重点研究了拉速、水口倾角、铸坯断面宽度等工艺参数对结晶器内液面波动的影响.结果表明:随着结晶器宽度、拉速的增加,液面波动明显增大;采用较大的水口倾角,可以抑制液面波动,减少卷渣.     

板坯连铸结晶器液面周期性波动的探讨

介绍了梅山钢铁公司2号板坯连铸机的概况及结晶器液面波动的特点,认为周期性波动的原因是板坯鼓肚和二冷区等间距辊子排列造成的,并受到工艺条件的影响.研究结果表明:液面波动周期与辊距成正比,与拉坯速度成反比.该结论在生产中通过对扇形段上框架位移和拉杆受力的测量,得到了验证,对板坯连铸机设计和生产有一定的指导意义.     

板坯连铸机包晶钢结晶器液面波动原因分析及控制

韶钢板坯连铸机生产包晶钢时结晶液面波动问题较突出,液面波动炉次发生比例22.78%,导致铸坯表面裂纹及夹杂缺陷量上升,影响产品质量.文章对韶钢板坯铸机液面波动原因进行分析,提出了在液面控制系统、保护渣性能、冷却制度等方面采取相应控制措施,改善包晶钢液面波动情况,确保生产的稳定性与连续性.     

板坯连铸结晶器液面调节新技术的开发

为了限制连铸结晶器内液面的变化幅度，开发了一种包括有两次液面测量和一个数字调节器的新控制技术。本文介绍了新控制技术的原理、开发过程、试验结果，以及通过数字模拟和液压模型所进行的性能鉴定。     

板坯连铸结晶器非稳态流场的模拟研究

本文运用数值模拟研究方法,研究高拉速厚板坯连铸非稳态结晶器流动特性,研究浸入式水口堵塞、水口不对中对结晶器流场、液面流速和对初生坯壳的影响。高拉速厚板坯连铸,铸坯质量下降,90%表面缺陷集中在铸坯边角区域,最严重的缺陷是铸坯中心和角部纵裂。非稳态工况对结晶器的流场影响因素更为显著,研究发现水口堵塞程度、水口出口流速、流量分配比是结晶器液面流速不对称、液面波动的主要影响因素,水口不对中是钢液流股对结晶器初生坯壳局部热冲击的主要因素,因此高拉速连铸应尽量避免非稳态工况操作,确保产品质量和效率的双赢。     

板坯结晶器液面波动的数学物理模拟及其特点

从数学和物理模拟两方面综述结晶器液面波动行为的研究现状、分析结果器液面波动的特点，给出了影响液面波动的相关因素，讨论了液面波动对铸坯质量的影响及控制措施。     

Investigation on Water Model for Fluid Flow in Slab Continuous Casting Mold With Consideration of Solidified Process

This study aims to propose suitable simulation methods, which enable to reduce the major differences between water model and real caster, such as the gradually decreased flow space, flow mass in the casting direction, and the momentum decay in the mushy zone. With consideration of solidified process, the method is concerned with the change of flow space and flow mass at the casting direction in water model. The level fluctuations, stimulus–response curves, velocities of liquid surface, and distributions of liquid slag have been changed in the water model to study the differences of flow character and the variation of fluid flow in molds. The mold with a solidified shell leads to significant differences in flow behaviors, such as higher level fluctuations, higher surface velocities, and worse liquid slag distributions. Neglecting the solidified shell causes unrealistic lower surface velocities and level fluctuations in water model. The mold with consideration of flow mass balance has higher level fluctuations and surface velocities than the mold without shell, and has lower level fluctuations and surface velocities than that of mold with a shell. The results indicate that it is necessary for water model to take the solidified process into account to acquire more accurate and reliable experiment results, especially for thinner slab.     

薄板坯连铸结晶器流场模拟和验证

针对薄板坯连铸结晶器内钢液的流动特征,利用有限差分方法对薄板坯结晶器内钢液的流动进行了模拟,建立了结晶器内三维流动的数学模型,模拟了复杂水口结构对结晶器中钢液流动的影响。通过水力学模拟对流场模拟进行了验证。结果表明：流场模拟能够准确反映具有复杂水口结构特点的结晶器中的流动现象。     

高拉速厚板坯连铸结晶器流场影响因素的模拟研究

运用数值模拟研究方法,研究高拉速厚板坯连铸结晶器流场的影响因素;研究浸入式水口结构、水口控流方式、水口出口角度、水口浸入深度、结晶器宽度、结晶器厚度、吹氩等因素对结晶器流场、液面流速以及初生坯壳的影响.结果表明在高拉速下,结晶器的流场不稳定因素增多,工艺参数对结晶器流场的影响因数增加.在高拉速下结晶器流场流速高,液面波动大,液钢流束冲击深度大,势必造成产品质量的下降趋势,因此高拉速厚板坯连铸过程必须采用电磁制动或流场控制技术,降低高流速带来的不利影响;水口结构与结晶器规格最优化与匹配能得到适宜的结晶器流场;同时发现高拉速钢液流束对结晶器初生坯壳的影响严重,是高拉速漏钢率高的直接原因之一.     

Modeling of Melt Flow and Surface Standing Waves in a Continuous Casting Mold

Majority of surface and subsurface defects in the continuously cast steel may be attributed to surface standing waves and turbulence. A lot of work has been done on surface defects and on understanding the behavior of the surface waves but there is a dearth of literature connecting the two. Also 3‐D modeling of surface waves with heat transfer and solidification has received little attention. In the present study, a 3‐dimensional mathematical model incorporating turbulent fluid flow, heat transfer, and solidification using a commercial code, FLOW3D, was developed. Using the model, the applicability of Froude criterion for scaling down industrial flow systems was analyzed. Although the small scale models, using this criterion, correctly predict the general fluid flow but the prediction of surface waves is not very accurate. Also, the effect of temperature is difficult to incorporate in water models. The model was used to study the effect of temperature on surface waves and verify the water modeling results. The effects of casting and SEN parameters on the fluid flow and surface waves were studied.     

Vortex Flow Pattern in a Slab Continuous Casting Mold with Argon Gas Injection

An Eulerian-Eulerian two-fluid model was developed to study the vortex flow inside a slab continuous casting mold with argon gas injection. Interracial momentum transfer that accommodated various interracial forces including drag force, lift force, virtual mass force, and turbulent dispersion force was considered. Predicted results agree well vaith experimental measurements of the water model in two-phase flow pattern and vortex flow structures. Three typical flow patterns with different argon steel ratios （ASRs） have been obtained： ＂double roll＂, ＂three roll＂, and ＂single roll＂. The flow pattern inside the mold alternates among the three types or it may attain some intermedi ate condition. With increasing ASR, the positions of vortices move from the submerged entry nozzle to the narrow face of the mold, and the sizes of vortices are reduced gradually. The rotating directions of vortices are all from high velocity area to low velocity area. Two mechanisms of vortex formation on the top surface have been suggested, i. e. , congruous shear flow and incongruous shear flow.     

板坯连铸结晶器保护渣卷渣及其影响因素的研究

对板坯连铸结晶器保护渣卷渣进行的水力学模拟研究结果表明,主要有三种类型的卷渣,即窄边附近的剪切卷渣、浸入式水口附近的旋涡卷渣和水口吹入的氩气泡上浮冲击钢渣界面引起的卷渣.拉速增加、减少浸入式水口浸入深度、减小水口出口倾角和增加吹入的Ar流量均会加大表面流速和液面波动,增大结晶器内卷渣的倾向,而其中拉速增加对卷渣的影响最大.当结晶器宽度为1 900 mm、采用1.4 m/min的拉速时,选择向下25°的水口出口角度、250 mm的水口浸入深度和10 L/min的Ar流量可将板坯结晶器内流场的表面流速和液面波动控制在合理的范围内,从而减小和避免结晶器内卷渣.     

FTSC薄板坯连铸结晶器流场数值模拟

利用商业软件GAMBIT和FLUENT，针对FTSC薄板坯连铸结晶器，建立三维有限体积模型，用来描述结晶器内钢液流动特征。在此基础上，分析了浸入深度、拉坯速度以及水口倾角等参数对结晶器流场的影响，为FTSC薄板坯连铸结晶器相适应的浸入式水口结构尺寸优化提供参考。     

板坯连铸结晶器内非对称流动对渣钢界面的影响

结晶器渣 钢界面的控制是板坯连铸操作中的重要环节。为研究渣 钢界面的流体动力学行为,建立了“空气 保护渣 钢液”三相流模型,运用雷诺应力模型和非均相混合模型对结晶器三相流场进行模拟研究,采用等体积分数法确定渣 钢界面的形状及位置。浸入式水口对中不良时会导致结晶器内产生非对称流场,研究发现该流场的渣 钢界面波动比相同操作参数下对称流场的界面波动要剧烈得多,且非对称流场的渣 钢界面会有偏流甚至旋涡出现,对结晶器操作危害很大。     

连铸结晶器内钢液流动、凝固和夹杂物的分布

 建立并求解动量、热量和质量传输耦合模型,研究了连铸结晶器内钢液流动、传热、凝固、溶质输送和夹杂碰撞长大行为。数值结果表明,受钢液流动的影响,在连铸机内钢液温度、碳浓度和夹杂物的空间分布与钢水流动特征相似,也可分为上下两个循环区。但是其分布具有各自的特点。在涡心处,钢液温度较低,碳浓度较高,夹杂物体积浓度和数量密度较低。在弯月面处,钢液温度较低,碳浓度较高,夹杂物的体积浓度和数量密度较低。在结晶器出口处的凝固坯壳内,夹杂物的浓度和数量密度分布极不均匀,存在阶跃现象,这与冲击点处凝固坯壳的重熔有关。