BT20钛合金电子束热处理残余应力计算

利用三维有限元分析软件，模拟了BT20钛合金薄板焊态和焊后电子束局部热处理的实际焊接温度场以及残余应力的分布。结合数值计算，讨论了不同的热处理方式以及热处理工艺参数对焊接接头残余应力分布的影响。结果表明，在钛合金薄板焊缝的背面进行电子束局部热处理，可以显著降低焊缝中心处的残余拉应力。数值计算结果还表明，在其它工艺参数相同的情况下，随着局部热处理加热宽度和加热时间的增加，焊缝及近缝区的纵向残余应力随之降低，同时产生残余应力的范围也随之增大。     

电子束热处理对钛合金接头残余应力的影响

采用小孔法,测量了BT20钛合金电子束焊接接头在焊态和电子束局部热处理两种状态下残余应力的分布。结果发现,钛合金电子束焊接接头处以纵向残余应力为主;通过电子束局部热处理,使焊缝处的残余应力峰值降低了约50％;在热处理的过程中,必须采取一定的措施,在改善残余应力的同时尽量避免产生变形。     

局部热处理改善TC21钛合金板电子束焊接残余应力研究

针对TC21钛合金电子束焊接接头残余应力过大问题,通过局部热处理工艺来改善其分布,分别采用X射线检测法和小孔法两种方法对电子束局部热处理后焊接残余应力的分布进行了测试研究。试验结果表明:两种测试方法测试结果趋势相同。焊后焊缝区残余应力较大,横向残余拉应力最高达到736 MPa,纵向残余压应力最高达到-468MPa,而经电子束局部热处理后,焊缝区横向及纵向残余应力峰值同焊接态相比都降低了70%~75%,而母材区域由于焊接态时残余应力较小,经过局部热处理扫描和未经过局部热处理扫描的区域残余应力几乎没有变化。     

钛合金电子束焊接和局部热处理后残余应力分布特征

采用小孔法测定了14.5mm厚TC4钛合金平板电子束焊接,研究了电子束焊接和局部热处理集成加工工艺下残余应力的分布,分析了局部热处理对焊接接头残余应力分布特征的影响.结果表明,在实验条件下电子束局部热处理后纵向残余拉应力的分布区间由焊接状态下焊缝中心线两侧距焊缝中心线5mm的区域减小到2mm的区域,纵向残余拉应力峰值同焊接状态相比降低了76%,横向残余压应力峰值降低了65%.电子束局部热处理未扫描的母材区域,残余应力数值同焊接状态相比几乎没有变化.     

航空用钛合金激光焊和TIG焊残余应力测试

钛合金是重要的航空材料。采用小孔释放法对钛合金平板激光焊接和钨极氩弧焊(TIG)残余应力进行了测试研究，分析了焊接方法及焊接热输入和焊后热处理对残余应力分布规律的影响。研究结果表明：在热影响区内，激光焊接残余应力分布规律与普通熔焊方法相似，但其分布区域较窄；与TIG焊相比，激光焊残余应力值大约低100MPa；焊后热处理能显著降低残余应力并使其分布区间平缓。     

电子束焊接及局部热处理复合技术的数值分析

电子束焊接及局部热处理复合技术是一种多功能的电子束加工技术.文中以ANSYS有限元分析软件为平台,对2,6和12 mm厚的TC4钛合金平板电子束焊接和局部热处理时的温度场和应力场进行了数值模拟计算,详细分析了局部热处理对不同厚度钛合金平板电子束焊接温度场和残余应力场的影响规律.结果表明,在给定的计算条件下,2 mm厚TC4钛合金平板的电子束局部热处理效果最好,电子束局部热处理后上表面距焊缝中心线4 mm的区域内冷却速度基本一致,纵向残余拉应力最大值由780 MPa降低到560 MPa,减小幅度达到28%.     

35CrMnSi钢平板电子束焊残余应力模拟与实测

研究了35CrMnSi低合金高强钢平板电子束焊残余应力的大小与分布,利用ANSYS软件模拟了35CrMnSi低合金高强钢电子束焊的实际温度场以及焊接接头应力场的变化和残余应力的分布,并与实测值进行了比较.计算结果表明:计算与实测的35CrMnSi钢电子束焊接头残余应力的整体分布趋势和规律基本一致;在焊缝及近缝区,计算的纵向残余应力数值比实测值略大,横向残余应力值与实测值更为接近;在远离焊缝中心的区域,有限元计算数值与实测结果吻合得更好些.     

BT20钛合金激光焊接残余应力场及热处理研究

采用小孔释放法和数值模拟从对比的角度研究了B他0钛合金激光焊接和TIG焊接残余应力场的分布特点，并从理论上进行了分析。研究结果表明：在热影响区，激光焊接残余应力比TIG焊接残余应力小；但在焊缝及熔合线上，激光焊残余应力比TIG焊的大。这主要与激光焊接线能量小，塑性变形区窄有关。控制和消除激光焊接残余应力更具重要意义。经真空热处理后，激光焊接焊缝的针状马氏体转变为等轴细晶组织，焊接残余应力显著降低。     

局部热处理对制曲机翻曲叶片焊接残余应力的影响

通过盲孔法研究了翻曲叶片焊接和局部热处理两种方式下叶片残余应力分布规律,对比了叶片焊后及局部热处理后的加工性能。结果表明,翻曲叶片靠近焊缝处存在很高的残余应力;局部热处理可改善焊后残余应力,最高可降低48%。对焊接叶片进行局部热处理后加工性能变差。     

TC4钛合金焊接接头中压电子束局部热处理技术

电子束局部热处理技术是对整体热处理的一种有益补充,针对TC4钛合金进行中压电子束局部热处理研究。电子束局部热处理后TC4钛合金接头的组织形态与电子束焊态基本相同,但焊缝区的晶粒组织略有细化,焊缝区显微硬度也得到了改善,电子束局部热处理后焊接接头的拉伸力学性能均高于焊态。优化的电子束局部热处理工艺完全可以使TC4钛合金接头的组织力学性能超过焊态。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

新型的治疗阿尔茨海默氏症药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2,2,2-三氯)-乙基-1-醇烟酸醋对体外神经细胞的作用

目的: 观察本实验室合成的一种治疗阿尔茨海默氏症(AD)的药物(1-二甲基磷酰基-2, 2, 2 -三氯)-乙基^-1-醇烟酸醋(NMF),对体外培养的皮层神经细胞活性的影响以及对海人藻酸(KA)所致的神经损伤的保护作用。方法: 采用体外培养皮层神经元的方法,解剖分离 15 d胚胎小鼠皮层神经细胞, 接种于 96孔板,48 h 后加药并培养 72 h,以 MIT 法 观察 NMF 对小鼠皮层神经细胞活性的影响;同时将接种于 24 孔板的细胞预先给予 NMF,d 3 时加或不加KA处理后,以台盼蓝染色鉴别并计数死、活细胞,可得出细胞的存活率。结果: NMF 明显促进胎鼠皮层神经元活性,其中 NMF1、0. 1、10nmol·L^-1促进神经元活性增殖率分别高达 34.7%、37.4%、36. 7%, NMF 明显促进正常胎鼠皮层神经元存活卒,与对照组比较,10nmol·L^-1 NMF 对皮层神经元的存活率分别提高 39.3%、73.5%。 NMF能显著 对抗 KA 所致的神经元损伤,与 KA 损伤组相比, NMF0.1、10、10nmol·L^-1对损伤皮层神经元的保护率分别为 77.30%、80.10%、84.15%。结论: NMF 明 显促进胎鼠皮层神经元的洁性、提高正常皮层神经元,的存活卒,并能有效地保护KA所致的神经元损伤,提示 NMF 是一种很有潜力的治疗 AD 的药物。     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

THERMODYNAMICS STUDY ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF CHROMITE WITH KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

INFLUENCE OF HEAT TREATMENT ON DAMPING BEHAVIOUR OF THE MAGNESIUM WROUGHT ALLOY AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Theoretical Analysis for the Motion and Temperature of Melt Droplets in Spray Degassing Process

The motion of melt droplets in spray degassing process was analyzed theoretically. The height of the treatment tank in spray degassing process could be determined by the results of theoretical calculation of motion of melt droplets. To know whether the melt droplets would solidify during spraying process, the balance temperature of melt droplets was also theoretically analyzed. Then proof experiments for theoretical results about temperature of melt droplets were carried. In comparison, the experimental results were nearly similar to the calculation results.     

Growth Kinetics of Single Inclusion Particle in Molten Melts

On the basis of the single-particle framework, a new theory on inclusion growth in metallurgical melts is developed to study the kinetics of inclusion growth on account of reaction and collision. The studies show that the early growth of inclusion depends on reaction growth and Brawnian motion collision, and where the former is decisive, the late growth depends on turbulence collision and Stokes＇ collision, and where the former is dominant; collision growth is very quick during the smelting process, lessened in the refining process, but nearly negligible in the continuous casting process.     

An Easy Way to Quantify the Adhesion Energy of Nanostructured Cu/X(X=Cr,Ta,Mo,Nb,Zr) Multilayer Films Adherent to Polyimide Substrates

An approach based on film buckling under simple uniaxial tensile testing was utilized in this paper to quantitatively estimate the interfacial energy of the nanostructured multilayer films(NMFs) adherent to flexible substrates. The interfacial energies of polyimide-supported NMFs are determined to be *5.0 J/m2 for Cu/Cr, *4.1 J/m2 for Cu/Ta,*2.8 J/m2 for Cu/Mo, *1.1 J/m2 for Cu/Nb, and *1.2 J/m2 for Cu/Zr NMFs. Furthermore, a linear relationship between the adhesion energy and the interfacial shear strength is clearly demonstrated for the Cu-based NMFs, which is highly indicative of the applicability and reliability of the modified models.     

High-Speed Friction Stir Welding of SiC_p/Al–Mg–Si–Cu Composite

A 17 vol% SiCp/Al–Mg–Si–Cu composite plate with a thickness of 3 mm was successfully friction stir welded(FSWed) at a very high welding speed of 2000 mm/min for the first time. Microstructural observation indicated that the coarsening of the precipitates was greatly inhibited in the heat-affected zone of the FSW joint at high welding speed, due to the significantly reduced peak temperature and duration at high temperature. Therefore, prominent enhancement of the hardness was achieved at the lowest hardness zone of the FSW joint at this high welding speed, which was similar to that of the nugget zone. Furthermore, the ultimate tensile strength of the joint was as high as 369 MPa, which was much higher than that obtained at low welding speed of 100 mm/min(298 MPa). This study provides an effective method to weld aluminum matrix composite with superior quality and high welding efficiency.     

Three-Dimensional Growth of Coherent Ferrite in Austenite: A Molecular Dynamics Study

Coherent second phase often exhibits anisotropic morphology with specifi c orientations with respect to both the second and the matrix phases. As a key feature of microstructure, the morphology of the coherent particles is essential for understanding the second-phase strengthening eff ect in various industrial alloys. This letter reports anisotropic growth of coherent ferrite from austenite matrix in pure iron based on molecular dynamics simulation. We found that the ferrite grain tends to grow into an elongated plate-like shape, independent of its initial confi guration. The fi nal shape of the ferrite is closely related to the misfi t between the two phases, with the longest direction and the broad facet of the plate being, respectively, consistent with the best matching direction and the best matching plane calculated via the Burgers vector content(BVC) method. The strain energy calculation in the framework of Eshelby's inclusion theory verifi es that the simulated orientation of the coherent ferrite is energetically favorable. It is anticipated that the BVC method will be applicable in analysis of anisotropic growth and morphology of coherent second phase in other phase transformation systems.