循环冷却水中二氧化氯杀菌效果的实验室研究

为了考察二氧化氯对循环冷却水的杀菌性能,本文研究了二氧化氯在不同浓度,pH值,反应温度和时间下对循环冷却水的杀菌效果。结果表明,二氧化氯是一种有效的杀菌剂,对循环冷却水中异养菌,硫化细菌和铁细菌均有很好的杀灭效果。本文的研究结果表明,二氧化氯能有效的应用于循环冷却水中。     

移动电极技术在改造项目中的运用

通过对广能集团龙滩瓦斯瓦斯发电机组循环冷却水缓蚀阻垢剂杀菌处理技术的研究,对循环水系统管道、热交换器等设备内部铜管结垢速度快的问题,同时对机组高温热交换器的热交换方式、系统布局进行研究,抑制其铜管内壁结垢速度,提高热交换效率。     

新型高效水质稳定剂PC603

一、性能PC603主要组分为中等分子量的多元醇磷酸脂,其性能如下:1.具有良好的缓蚀性能,用在循环冷却水中时,可使金属设备平均腐蚀速度<0.1mm/年,在含盐量较大、氯离子浓度较高的水中,比其它磷系水质稳定定剂有更好的缓蚀作用。2.有一定的阻垢作用,是为数不多的即有缓蚀作用又有阻垢作用的水质稳定剂之一。与其它阻垢剂复配对,能提高对钙、镁离子的阻垢能力和对泥沙的分散能力。3.化学稳定性好,易溶于水,适用 pH 值范     

提高热电厂循环水浓缩倍率的措施

仪化热电厂将循环水用作冲灰水导致浓缩倍率只有1.6,加上凝汽器铜管腐蚀结垢严重等问题,用水浪费严重。为此提出了隔断循环水与冲灰水的直接联系,实现闭路循环,对凝汽器铜管进行酸洗,并对循环水实施加缓蚀阻垢剂、杀菌剂和旁流过滤等整改措施。这些措施实施后产生了很好的经济效益,每小时节水350t,每年节约减少支出68万元。     

一种除氧阻垢剂及其生产方法

本发明涉及一种除氧缓蚀阻垢剂及其生产方法，用于工业锅炉的除氧，属于工业药剂技术领域。其主要采用除氧剂D-异抗坏血酸钠或D-异抗血酸、缓蚀阻垢剂亚乙基二胺四亚甲基膦酸钠和聚马来酸酐、增效剂聚丙烯酸或聚丙烯酸钠和三聚磷酸钠及适量的调节剂氢氧化钠和磷酸三钠，以去离子水作为溶剂复合配制而成。本发明适用于燃油(气)锅炉、     

冷却水的稳定处理和应用

本文介绍了一种新型阻垢剂,一定量的这种阻垢剂加入到冷却水的水池后,可以防止循环冷却水系统的结垢,提高冷却水的质量和换热效果。这种阻垢剂可应用于熔化炉的感应线圈、水冷套和上引连铸机的结晶器水冷系统中。     

工业锅炉水中磷酸根、亚硫酸根离子含量控制

为使锅炉水中PO4^3-和SO3^2-离子含量符合GB1576—2001《工业锅炉水质》中规定的要求，达到有效减少水垢，确保锅炉安全运行的目的.为此，采取下列措施：调配阻垢剂；选取阻垢剂注入点；选取阻垢剂注入方法；确定阻垢剂注入量；设计阻垢剂注入定量控制线路；阻垢剂注入设备的选型、安装和调试。，改进后效果使锅炉水中PO4^3-和SO3^2-离子含量达到15～20mg/L；排污率为7．5～8．5％。因此，采用定量控制方法能有效控制卷烟工业锅炉水中的PO4^3-和SO3^2-离子含量i，     

循环冷却水阻垢剂对脱硫石膏成核过程的影响

全厂废水零排放背景下,阻垢剂随循环排污水进入脱硫系统会阻碍石膏正常结晶。对不同阻垢剂工况进行石膏结晶实验,探究阻垢剂性能对石膏结晶成核特性的影响规律。结果表明：阻垢剂能够延长石膏结晶诱导时间,抑制石膏成核,阻垢剂质量浓度越高,石膏成核越困难;阻垢剂质量浓度为10 mg/L时,石膏结晶诱导时间增加17%～48%,成核抑制指数在7%～17%;阻垢剂F的成核抑制指数最小,其抑制成核作用最弱;添加阻垢剂D后的石膏晶体呈现片状,说明阻垢剂D的络合及分散性能强,严重抑制了石膏成核,添加阻垢剂F后的石膏晶体呈现粘连片状及针状,说明阻垢剂F的畸变性能强,成核受影响程度较低;石膏在结晶后加入阻垢剂的样品形貌表明,阻垢剂F的畸变性能最强;畸变性能强的阻垢剂对石膏成核过程抑制作用弱,成核抑制指数小,更适合全厂废水零排放背景下脱硫安全运行要求。     

火电厂循环冷却水阻垢缓蚀性能的分析研究

在火力发电厂中,提高循环冷却水的浓缩倍率可以节约大量的补充水,以某电厂为例,在分析提高浓缩倍率的途径及其影响因素的基础上,通过静、动态模拟试验,筛选出针对其水质阻垢缓蚀效果、经济性较好的一种药剂,并对更换药剂后所产生的经济性进行计算,验证了提高浓缩倍率会为火电厂带来巨大的经济效益.     

循环冷却水系统的节能

加强循环冷却水系统的管理,提高循环冷却水的浓缩倍数,对凝汽器铜管实施镀膜保护,对水质添加防腐阻垢剂和杀菌剂,避免凝汽器铜管的结垢、腐蚀和粘泥故障,降低了发电水耗,延长了设备使用寿命,取得了显著的节能效果。     

Materials problems and solutions in biomass fired plants

Abstract

Owing to Denmark's pledge to reduce carbon dioxide emissions, biomass is being increasingly utilised as a fuel for generating energy. Extensive research and development projects, especially in the area of material performance for biomass fired boilers, have been undertaken to make biomass a viable fuel resource. When straw is combusted, potassium chloride and potassium sulphate are present in ash products, which condense on superheater components. This gives rise to specific chlorine corrosion problems not previously encountered in coal fired power plants. The type of corrosion attack can be directly ascribed to the composition of the deposit and the metal surface temperature. In woodchip boilers, a similar corrosion rate and corrosion mechanism has on some occasions been observed. Cofiring of straw (10 and 20% energy basis) with coal has shown corrosion rates lower than those in straw fired plants. With both 10 and 20% straw, no chlorine corrosion was seen. The present paper will describe the results from in situ investigations undertaken in Denmark on high temperature corrosion in biomass fired plants. Results from 100% straw firing, woodchip and cofiring of straw with fossil fuels are summarised and compared.     

生物质燃烧过程中结焦、积灰及腐蚀形成机理及其制剂开发研究进展

大力发展生活垃圾及农林废弃物等生物质直接燃烧发电和煤炭掺烧生物质燃烧发电对缓解我国能源安全问题和实现“双碳”战略目标具有重要意义。然而生活垃圾和农林废弃物中较高含量的碱/碱土金属、硫、氯和硅等元素在高温燃烧过程中会发生复杂交互反应,导致锅炉结焦、积灰和腐蚀等一系列问题,严重影响锅炉的安全稳定运行。通过系统分析生活垃圾和农林废弃物等固体燃料燃烧过程中可能的结焦、积灰和腐蚀形成机理,探讨了原料灰分组成和结焦、积灰、腐蚀形成的关联关系和预测方法,在此基础上比较了不同类型结焦、积灰和腐蚀抑制剂的作用机制及其施加效果,并对未来高效抑制剂的开发进行了展望。     

循环流化床锅炉焚烧垃圾腐蚀现状及防护研究进展

焚烧垃圾产生的高温腐蚀一直以来认为是硫化气体和硫酸盐的腐蚀,近年来研究发现氯的影响最为严重.综述了高温氯化腐蚀现状、氯化腐蚀机理以及防护研究的进展,提出研究新型耐氯腐蚀涂层材料,采用电弧喷涂技术解决垃圾焚烧锅炉的腐蚀问题.     

生物质灰在低温受热面上的沉积点腐蚀机理分析

针对纯烧生物质锅炉,位于高温烟气区的低温介质管道短时间内发生腐蚀泄露问题,通过腐蚀产物和20G管壁的SEM和XRD检测,确认其原因是氯化物造成的点腐蚀。氯元素造成的点腐蚀随着金属温度的升高而加快,介质温度低于400℃的钢管由于点腐蚀也可以在短时间内泄露。抑制受热面上的灰的沉积,将有效改善氯化物造成的点腐蚀。     

Migration and transformation of sodium and chlorine in high-sodium high-chlorine Xinjiang lignite during circulating fluidized bed combustion

The Xinjiang lignite mined from Shaerhu coalfield (SEHc) easily causes severe fouling and corrosion because of its high sodium and chlorine contents. Therefore, it is necessary to study the migration and transformation behavior of sodium and chlorine during combustion in order to reveal the mechanisms of fouling and corrosion, and propose the effective solutions of above problems. In this study, based on the 0.4 T/D circulating fluidized bed (CFB) test system, the migration and transformation behavior of sodium and chlorine in SEHc during combustion at 950 °C was explored. The migration and transformation paths of sodium and chlorine were proposed through the chemical characterization of ash samples along the flue gas flow direction, as well as the thermodynamic equilibrium calculation by the software of Factsage 6.1. The experimental studies show the sodium and chlorine mainly in the form of NaCl crystal in raw coal underwent a series of physical and chemical changes during combustion, and subsequently distributed in bottom ash/circulating ash, fly ash and gas phase in various forms including sodium aluminosilicates, chlorides and sodium oxides. Sodium was more inclined to be resided in ash in the form of aluminosilicates through the reactions with other minerals (SiO₂ and Al₂O₃), while chlorine was easily released into the flue gas in forms of HCl, Cl₂, NaCl, etc. The Cl-based species might result in the corrosion of metal heating surfaces because of the presence of corrosion products (metal chlorides) in fly ash. As temperature decreased, the sodium or chlorine vapors would successively deposit in fly ash via physical condensation or chemical reaction. At 840～570 °C, the sodium-based species (Na₂O and NaCl) would first deposit in fly ash, then gaseous chlorine species (NaCl, FeCl₃ and so on) primarily deposited at 570～180 °C.     

Handily etching nickel foams to prepare M-FeOOH/NiOOH (M=F,Cl) nanoarrays for efficient oxygen evolution reaction

Electrocatalytic water splitting is considered as one of the promising ways to solve the energy crisis. In this paper, rapid corrosion strategies are used to prepare M-FeOOH/NiOOH (M = F, Cl) material by simple manipulation process. It is worth noting that fluorine and chlorine atoms are introduced in the corrosion process, and the influence of fluorine and chlorine on the catalytic activity of FeOOH/NiOOH material is investigated. The experimental results show that the introduction of chlorine enhances the conductivity of the FeOOH/NiOOH material and regulates the electron configuration around the active site. Density functional theory showed that the introduction of FeOOH increased the adsorption energy of water and decreased the activation energy of intermediate species. This work lays the foundation for the development of highly efficient and stable water splitting catalysts through corrosion strategies.     

高温热管结构材料与工质相容性的分析研究

本文在高温国腐蚀的基础上,结合液态金属腐蚀的特点,全面研究了高温国热管结构民其工质相容性的内在机理,归纳提出了影响高温热管相容的内因和外因。对进一步提高高温热管的制造质量、延长高温热管使用寿命有一定的指导意义。     

The fate of chlorine during MSW incineration: Vaporization,transformation, deposition,corrosion and remedies

Municipal solid waste (MSW) incineration plays an important role in waste treatment systems throughout the world, due to the advantages of fast volume reduction by 80–90%, heat recovery, and power generation. However, waste-to-energy (WtE) plants have low electrical efficiency of 15–25%, due to the low steam temperature and pressure used in order to minimize boiler deposition and corrosion problems. Undoubtedly, the high Cl-content in MSW is the reason for the severe corrosion problem. Chlorine also forms volatile compounds with trace metals (e.g., Zn, Pb), and, influences the fate of other key elements, e.g., Na, K, and S.Different from alkali metals in biomass, which have been thoroughly investigated, the behavior of chlorine during MSW incineration has not been systematically and comprehensively studied. Up until now, there are few in-depth studies that have been conducted on the thermal behavior of chlorine or on the remedial measures against Cl-induced problems. An up-to-date review on the behavior of chlorine from incineration via freeboard chemistry to corrosive attack is therefore needed, in order to provide knowledge on process optimization and reactor design, thereby enabling high-efficient energy utilization and safe operation of large-scale WtE units.This review provides a critical summary of the progress of research on chlorine in MSW (origins, species, and analytical methods); the thermal behavior of chlorine, including chlorine vaporization, aerosol formation and transformation (freeboard chemistry), deposit formation, and Cl-initiated corrosion mechanisms. In addition, the interrelationship of chlorine with other key elements (S, Na, K, Zn, Pb), and, the chlorine roadmap in the incineration process is presented, along with the influence of feedstock composition and the temperature of both the flue gas and boiler tube metal on chlorine-induced deposition and corrosion.Mitigation measures against Cl-initiated problems such as Segher boiler prisms, mixed secondary air injection, and eco-tube systems, are also thoroughly discussed. Finally, challenges and further research questions, are identified.     

Investigations of organic inhibitors for silica scale control from geothermal brines–II

In an effort to find alternatives to brine acidification for control of siliceous scale deposition in geothermal resource production facilities, a second series of laboratory screening tests with new organic inhibitors has been conducted. In the first series of tests, organic inhibitors, usually consisting of dispersants and phosphino-carboxylic acid mixtures, were examined for silica scale control activity [Gallup, D.L., 2002. Investigations of organic inhibitors for silica scale control in geothermal brines. Geothermics 31, 415–430]. The present study consisted of screening additional inhibitor formulations obtained from seven different manufacturers in a laboratory pressure reactor using a synthetic brine solution. Several of the organic inhibitors yielded promising scale deposition results. Similar to the initial series of tests, brine acidification always out-performed the organic inhibitors. Acid precursors also appear to be acceptable alternatives to strong acids as a means of limiting corrosion, transportation risks and safety/handling issues.