突出质量特色,实施整体提升 着力打造“沂蒙山”特色优质烟叶品牌

临沂市地处鲁东南低山丘陵区,具有生产优质烟叶得天独厚的生态条件,是全国优质烟叶生产最适宜区和优势产区之一,常年烟叶生产规模60万担左右。     

影响宿北烟叶发展的主要生产技术问题探讨

宿北烟区是安徽省烤烟区划中优质烟生产的适宜区。其生态条件较好，土壤多为山黄土和山红土，发展潜力大。被安徽省烟草公司确定为“优质烟生产开发基地”。该地区所产烟叶颜色桔黄、香气量足、燃烧性好。近年来，该地区生产的烟叶质量经多次评级鉴定，总体质量较好，受到了国内外有关专家好评和市场的欢迎。但是由于种种原因，该地区烤烟生产始终未能改变规模不大、总产不高、质量不稳、抗灾能力较弱等状况，远不适应当前市场激烈竞争的新形势。为进一步提高宿北烟叶质量和生产规模，把生态优势转化为产品优势、经济优势,促进宿州烟叶生产的健康稳步发展。     

增强创新力 提升生产力——全面推进优质烟叶生产基地建设

龙岩具有得天独厚的优质烟叶生产环境,被国家局列为全国烤烟生态最适宜区、一级优势产烟区(《中国烟叶种植区划》2007年)。龙岩烟叶种植历史悠久,最早可追     

湖南植烟土壤有效硫及烟叶硫研究初报

通过对湖南不同植烟生态区土壤进行野外采样和相应区域烤后烟叶的收集,对湖南植烟土壤有效硫及烟叶硫含量状况进行了系统的研究。结果表明,湖南植烟生态区土壤有效硫和烟叶硫含量分别为34.74 mg/kg和0.849%。有效硫含量较高的土壤占80%,仅有20%左右在适宜范围内。烟叶硫含量仅有30%在0.20%~0.70%正常范围内,70%烟叶硫含量超标,尤其是浏阳和宁乡植烟区的烟叶硫含量超过了1.00%。湖南植烟土壤有效硫和烟叶硫含量的变化幅度及变异系数都较大,土壤有效硫的极差为70.38 mg/kg,变异系数为41.85%;烟叶硫含量的极差为1.412%,变异系数为34.28%。由此可见,湖南植烟生态区土壤有效硫和烟叶硫含量普遍偏高,且植烟生态区之间差异较大。     

湖南烟区烤烟钾含量变化及聚类分析

采集湖南主产烟区上、中、下3个部位烤烟样本946份,采用连续流动法测定烟叶钾含量,研究了湖南烟区烤烟钾含量的变化特征并进行了聚类分析。结果表明:湖南主产烟区上、中、下3个部位烟叶钾含量均值分别为2.11%、2.34%、2.71%,其中含量小于2.0%的样本分别占43.6%、21.0%、5.5%,部分上部烟叶钾含量偏低;上、中部烟叶钾含量年度间存在极显著差异,下部烟叶钾含量年度间差异不显著;主栽的3个品种烟叶钾含量表现为K326>云烟87>云烟85,但差异不显著;生态区域间烟叶钾含量差异极显著,表现为湘中烟区高于湘西北烟区和湘南烟区;地区之间烟叶钾含量差异极显著,长沙市最高,娄底市最低,相对较高的地区有邵阳市、怀化市、衡阳市、常德市、郴州市和永州市;在空间变化上,由西南向东北表现为先降低后升高的趋势,由南向西北表现为降低趋势。根据聚类分析结果可将湖南烟区烤烟钾含量大体分为中钾、高钾、中偏低钾3大类型。     

湖南烟区中部烤烟总糖含量状况及与评吸质量的关系

采集湖南烟区C3F等级烟叶样本253份,采用连续流动法测定烟叶总糖含量以及对评吸质量的量化评定,研究了湖南烤烟总糖含量的生态区域差异及烟叶总糖含量与评吸质量评价指标间的量化关系。结果表明,湖南主产烟区C3F等级烤烟总糖含量范围为18.55%～31.04%,均值为25.02%,其中含量大于25%的样本占49.80%;在区域差异方面,湘南烟区和湘西北烟区的烟叶总糖含量比湘中烟区高,在空间分布上有分别从湘南、湘西北2个高值区向中部地区,再向东北方向逐渐递减的趋势。随着烟叶总糖含量增加,烤烟的香气量、杂气和刺激性减少,浓度降低,余味变好;当烟叶总糖含量大约在25.5%时,香气质、香味、劲头、吃味分值和评吸总分最高。     

湖南烟叶质量分析

回顾了湖南省过去50年的烟叶生产和质量状况,分析总结了质量起伏变化的原因,对今后湖南烟叶质量改进提出了建议。     

烟叶质量评价指标间的相关性研究

依据初步建立的烟叶外观质量、评吸质量量化评价体系和对湖南主产烟区烟叶外观质量、物理特性、化学成分、评吸质量等评价指标进行的评定和检测,研究了烟叶质量指标间的相互关系,探索了烟叶质量评价指标间的定量相关关系,探讨了关于烟叶质量评价指标间的一些定性和定量描述。      

烟叶多元酸和高级脂肪酸分析及其对感官品质的影响

为明确湖南烟区烟叶原料多元酸和高级脂肪酸含量及其与感官品质的关系,采用非衍生化方法的气相色谱法对湖南烟区3个区县,不同部位的7种烟叶样品的多元酸和高级脂肪酸含量进行检测,发现7种烟叶原料,多元酸中丙酸含量最高,其次是3-甲基戊酸和2-甲基丁酸,高级脂肪酸中十六酸含量最高,再次是亚油酸和油酸;同时发现,这些多元酸和高级脂肪酸在上部烟叶中的含量高于中部烟叶;采用偏最小二乘回归分析(PLSR)方法对烟叶中多元酸和高级脂肪酸含量与感官品质相关性进行了分析。结果表明,多元酸含量越高,提香越明显,口腔刺激感越低且透发性越强,而高级脂肪酸仅仅可以提高烟叶抽吸劲头,但不利于其他感官指标。     

湖南烤烟烟叶中镁与土壤交换性镁含量的特征及关系分析

采用野外调查与室内分析相结合的方法,分析了湖南烟区烤烟烟叶中镁与土壤交换性镁含量的现状及相互关系.结果表明,湖南烤烟烟叶中镁平均含量为0.378%,有66.3%的烟叶缺镁,且呈现由北往南逐渐降低趋势;土壤交换性镁平均含量为1.317 cmol/kg,约40%土壤交换性镁偏低;烟稻复种连作方式在土壤和烟叶上的缺镁程度均高于连续旱作方式;烤烟烟叶中镁与土壤交换性镁含量呈极显著正相关,且烟叶的缺镁程度及比重明显高于土壤.     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the     

Chinese CTP Market

According to Printing and Printing Equipment Industries Association of China（PEIAC）＇s statistics to the plate manufucturer in China, in 2013, the actual offset plate production has reached 346 million square meters in China. Among them, the CTP production volume was 245 million square meters, up by 11% than that of last year; the total sales of the CTP plate was 239 million square meters, up by 13%.     

Preparatory Work of Print China 2015 is Going Smoothly

正Held at Guangdong Modern International Exhibition Center,Print China 2015 will cover 7exhibition halls,besides the original Hall No.3,4,5,6,7,the newly built F zone of Hall 3 will be used too.The total area will be140,000 square meters.Hall 3:Offset and large printing equipment,package printing equipment,post press