卷烟烟气化学成分的电离能计算及其在定性分析中的应用

为了系统地评估量子化学密度泛函方法[ B3LYP/6- 311++G(d,p)]和组合从头算方法(G3B3)在预测电离能上的可靠性,以70种已知电离能的卷烟烟气化学组分作为验证集进行了计算和分析,并对一些未知电离能的烟气组分进行了计算;同时,运用自制的卷烟烟气采样器结合同步辐射光电离质谱技术对卷烟烟气气相化学成分进行了在线分析,测定了光电离质谱和光电离效率谱,获得了一些烟气组分电离能的实验值.结果表明,G3B3方法可以准确地计算不同类型烟气组分的电离能,精度可达0.06 eV,其计算结果较适用于卷烟烟气化学成分的定性分析.     

一种在线自动吸烟机／GC／MS系统分析研究新鲜主流烟气气相成分

设计构建了一套在线自动与吸烟机连接的气相色谱／质谱仪（SM／GC／MS）系统。在吸烟机和GC／MS的界面处设有6个开关阀门和一个进样孔，进样孔设计在加热室上，于进样孔处采集来自吸烟机主流烟气气相部分，然后将气体样品送进GC／MS分析。用GC柱分离烟气成分，并用质谱仪进行组分鉴定。通过对吸烟机控制系统的时间程序设定，使阀门自动打开和关闭。这套在线自动系统可以用于采集卷烟新鲜烟气，对烟气的气相组分进行分析。     

阵列式多通道逐口吸烟机的设计

为解决新型烟草制品逐口气溶胶组分分析过程中存在抽吸容量控制不准确、气溶胶捕集效率低等问题,设计了一种阵列式多通道逐口吸烟机。吸烟机主要由抽吸模块、捕集器进给模块和夹持密封模块组成,通过改变抽吸模块中电机转速和活塞行程可以获得不同抽吸曲线与抽吸容量,采用多通道同时抽吸提升了检测效率;利用时序控制技术对捕集器进行逐口切换,实现气溶胶的逐口收集;捕集器两端并联抽吸容量标定管路,配合夹持密封模块确保抽吸容量在抽吸过程中不发生偏离。对吸烟机单口抽吸和逐口抽吸条件下的抽吸容量进行重复性检验并利用IQOS器具及“万宝路”原味加热卷烟进行测试,结果表明：(1)吸烟机抽吸管路密闭性良好,利用标定管路标定的抽吸容量准确,加热卷烟各组分逐口释放趋势与文献一致;(2)加热卷烟各组分总释放量RSD在4%以下,逐口释放量RSD在5%以下,重复性和稳定性良好;(3)加热卷烟各组分逐口捕集效率在96%以上。该技术可为新型烟草制品逐口气溶胶组分的快速、准确分析提供支持。     

APCI-MS/MS法在线分析主流烟气气相物中7种有机化合物的逐口释放特征

为了考察主流烟气气相成分的逐口释放特征,建立了在线分析卷烟主流烟气中丙烯腈、丙烯醛、巴豆醛、苯、甲苯、吡啶和苯乙烯7种有机化合物的大气压化学电离串联质谱(APCI-MS/MS)方法。通过改造将吸烟机与APCI-MS离子源连接,卷烟主流烟气经剑桥滤片过滤后,气相部分被直接引入到APCI-MS离子源内进行分析。结果表明:7种有机化合物定量分析标准工作曲线线性关系较好(R20.99),检测限和相对标准偏差分别为0.016~2.05 ng/mL和2.63%~8.89%。卷烟主流烟气气相物中7种有机化合物的单口及总释放量差异较大,逐口释放特征也存在差异。该方法操作简单、响应快速、灵敏度高、稳定性好,适合用于卷烟烟气的逐口释放特征研究。     

斯茹林SM450吸烟机抽吸变异性分析

为评价斯茹林吸烟机抽吸过程变异性,提高卷烟主流烟气的总粒相物、一氧化碳检测精准度,对卷烟样品的物理指标和吸烟机抽吸参数进行差异显著性分析,以显著性水平来量化吸烟机抽吸过程的变异性。结果表明,吸烟机抽吸变异性的主要因素是卷烟样品物理指标和吸烟机参数;减少卷烟样品物理指标的差异和波动,准确设定吸烟机抽吸容积和风速,可提高吸烟机抽吸质量,获取准确的主流烟气数据。     

郑州烟草研究院卷烟减害研究成果集览(一) 发明了一系列卷烟烟气微量化学成分的捕集方法

1一种可实现主流烟气气相物连续单口取样的吸烟装置(专利号:ZL 200820148318.4)。该装置包括管路依次相连的烟支夹持器、带有排气活塞的烟气聚集筒腔、抽吸泵、出气阀控制的烟气出气管(U形管结构或针式进样管结构)。装置构造简单,操作简便,不仅可以实现整支卷烟主流烟气气相部分的收集,还可以实现单口主流烟气气相部分的连续分别收集,同时还可以作为进样器     

基于Impinger 5 box捕集方式的主流烟气pH值测定方法

为提高卷烟主流烟气pH值的测定精密度,提出了一种基于Impinger 5 box捕集方式同时收集烟气粒相物和气相物的主流烟气pH值测定方法,并对测定条件进行了优化.最优测定条件为抽吸烟支数10支,萃取剂体积90 m L,振荡时间30 min.在该条件下对5种不同牌号卷烟样品进行验证试验,结果表明,RSD在0.302%~0.562%之间,主流烟气pH值的平均差值≥0.030的样品之间表现出了显著差异性.该方法可在不改变吸烟机抽吸参数的情况下进行卷烟抽吸和烟气捕集,测定方法简单、方便,测定结果精密度较高,重复性较好.     

气质联用法测定卷烟侧流烟气中苯并[a]芘

建立了采用气相色谱/质谱联用法分析卷烟侧流烟气中苯并[a]芘的分析方法.该方法使用配有鱼尾罩的侧流吸烟机抽吸卷烟,鱼尾罩附着的苯并[a]芘采用甲醇洗脱,洗脱液中的甲醇在N2保护下加热至80℃挥发完,然后加入捕集了侧流烟气总粒相物的玻璃纤维滤片,采用环己烷超声萃取苯并[a]芘,萃取液苯并[a]芘浓度采用气相色谱/质谱联用...     

采用化学成分评估超低焦油卷烟品质的方法

目前,采用半挥发物作为评价各种不同焦油量卷烟品质的指标.然而,仅采用半挥发物对卷烟尤其是对超低焦油卷烟进行评价和分级具有一些局限性,因此,有必要寻找新的指标.为达此目的,着重研究了卷烟抽吸前后一些组分的变化--抽吸前烟丝中的烟碱、糖、有机酸和与香味有关的化合物等,以及抽吸后烟气中的半挥发物和气相物.随后,又采用统计分析法如聚类分析(cluster analysis)、相关分析(correlation analysis)和主成分分析(principal component analysis)法对这些成分进行了综合分析.分析结果阐明了烟丝成分与烟气成分之间的关系,以及不同种类烟叶、香料、滤嘴结构及其材料的差异,从而发现了一些评价不同种类的超低焦油卷烟品质的指标,并进行了评价这些卷烟品质的实际应用.     

香兰素对卷烟主流烟气中挥发性成分的影响

目的了解食用香料香兰素对卷烟主流烟气的香味及挥发性成分的影响,为香兰素在卷烟中的致香作用及加香效果提供科学依据。方法利用吸烟机抽吸,剑桥滤片和吸收瓶捕集主流烟气,用GC/MS分析了添加有香兰素的卷烟和空白对比卷烟的所捕集烟气挥发性化学成分,并研究其挥发性化学成分的变化差异,评价香兰素对卷烟烟气香味成分及有害成分的影响。结果香兰素能很好地迁移到卷烟烟气中。结论在本实验中,香兰素能有效地提高卷烟烟气中的香味成分。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the