Linear logic as a tool for planning under temporal uncertainty

The typical AI problem is that of making a plan of the actions to be performed by a controller so that it could get into a set of final situations, if it started with a certain initial situation.The plans, and related winning strategies, happen to be finite in the case of a finite number of states and a finite number of instant actions.The situation becomes much more complex when we deal with planning under temporal uncertainty caused by actions with delayed effects.Here we introduce a tree-based formalism to express plans, or winning strategies, in finite state systems in which actions may have quantitatively delayed effects. Since the delays are non-deterministic and continuous, we need an infinite branching to display all possible delays. Nevertheless, under reasonable assumptions, we show that infinite winning strategies which may arise in this context can be captured by finite plans.The above planning problem is specified in logical terms within a Horn fragment of affine logic. Among other things, the advantage of linear logic approach is that we can easily capture ‘preemptive/anticipative’ plans (in which a new action β may be taken at some moment within the running time of an action α being carried out, in order to be prepared before completion of action α).In this paper we propose a comprehensive and adequate logical model of strong planning under temporal uncertainty which addresses infinity concerns. In particular, we establish a direct correspondence between linear logic proofs and plans, or winning strategies, for the actions with quantitative delayed effects.     

Simulation models as a tool for urban planning

Computer-simulation models are a useful tool in planning in general. They can be of particular use in the areas of urban planning such as land use, choice of residential locations, problems of transport, etc. A general utility simulation system (GUSS) has been developed that can be applied in a multitude of problems. This system, GUSS, a module of UPFAR (Utility Program for the Analysis of Risk), has been applied successfully for the evaluation of risk in investment alternatives. An effort is made in this paper to illustrate how GUSS can be used in simulating urban planning problems. The preliminary model presented in the paper combines different factors of importance to the urban planning decisions.     

政务办公自动化的自定义系统

在对现有政务系统的业务流程和已有的办公自动化系统进行大量调查的基础上,提出一个政务办公自动化（Office Automation,OA）的自定义系统,并详细介绍其设计和实现.就该系统对政务OA的概括性进行说明性证明,对未来相关工作提出设想.     

The electronic spreadsheet as a general-purpose programming tool

Electronic spreadsheets computerise the traditional layout of any tabulation or complex calculation done with pencil, paper and calculator. They therefore have great potential in aiding routine calculations which might be done by these means or with a small BASIC computer program. Their simple structure and strong affinity with traditional methods make them particularly suitable for those who have not yet mastered the art of programming. However, a necessarily brief review of their application to science and technology demonstrates that this potential is not being realised in comparison with their wide-spread usage in the business world. The application of both Multiplan and Visicalc running respectively on the Macintosh and the Apple IIe microcomputers in four types of calculation is demonstrated: tabulation, curve-fitting and statistics, simulation, and numerical approximation. Advantages are found in the concurrent display of data and results, the ease of correction or modification of data and the escape from traditional linear programming methods. The spreadsheet format imposes its own constraints. It is not so flexible as BASIC, it demands more memory and may have a slower execution time than a program written in a high-level language, and it is more difficult to produce graphical output.     

基于CSCW的办公自动化系统

介绍了在OA系统中使用的CSCW技术。通过分析OA系统的特点,建立了一个基于CSCW的OA系统模型。根据这个模型,为某单位实际设计出了一个基于Lotus Domino6.0平台的OA应用系统。给出了该系统的功能模块和网络拓扑结构,总结了基于CSCW的OA系统的优势。     

Simulation as decision tool for capacity planning

In this paper we demonstrate how discrete event simulation technique can be used to optimise the use of catheterization capacity. The patient flow at the catheterization room is described. A simulation model of the current situation was built in MedModel, a discrete event simulation package, and the model was validated. A short presentation of MedModel is given. To investigate alternative ways to optimise the use of the catheterization room three experiments were formulated, modelled and simulated. Two different scheduling strategies were applied to the current situation and the three experimental situations. The number of patients that can be treated and the duration of a working day were determined as measures of performance. The results of the simulation experiments are discussed. The results of these experiments give the management of the catheterization room valuable information how to optimise the use of the catheterization room.     

Termination-indicator technique as structured programming tool

The termination-indicator technique is presented, which can be used to solve the class of multi-exit loop problems. A multi-exit loop problem is a programming problem that has several terminating conditions for a loop: either a loop will run through a full cycle or be terminated prematurely when some condition is met. The class of multi-exit loop problems has generated a great deal of controversy on the goto statement in the literature from time to time. The paper illustrates the generality and efficiency of the termination-indicator technique by applying it to the class of multi-exit loop problems and thus puts the goto controversy to rest.     

Factors inhibiting Australian office automation

Several factors are inhibiting the advance of office automation in Australia. These include a lack of suitable training, lack of understanding of OA by managers, fear of failure and fear of injury.     

办公自动化系统的数据库安全

针对办公自动化系统中的数据库的安全问题进行了研究.数据库的安全技术在实际应用中主要包括身份认证、访问控制、审计追踪和数据库加密、数据库的备份等方面.     

分布式OA系统中数据分布算法

在分布式OA系统中,数据资源的分布会影响整个OA系统的效率。为了能够合理进行数据资源分布,提高OA系统的效率,提出了一种基于分布式数据资源的分布模型及算法,该算法给出了可减少网络流量、降低整个分布式系统开销的数据分布方案,由此提高OA系统的整体性能,使之更能适应OA应用需要。     

A systems life cycle for office automation projects

As office automation activities become more complex and interrelated, the need for generalized, systematic planning and control procedures increases. For data processing projects, systems life cycles have proven to be a highly effective planning and control mechanisms. This paper presents an analogous life cycle for office automation projects. It incorporates those unique characteristics of the office environment that preclude use of existing data processing life cycles. The paper concludes with an illustrative application of the office automation life cycle.     

A partial evaluator,and its use as a programming tool

Programs which perform partial evaluation, beta-expansion, and certain optimizations on programs, are studied with respect to implementation and application. Two implementations are described, one “interpretive” partial evaluator, which operates directly on the program to be partially evaluated, and a “compiling” system, where the program to be partially evaluated is used to generate a specialized program, which in its turn is executed to do the partial evaluation. Three applications with different requirements on these programs are described. Proofs are given for the equivalence of the use of the interpretive system and the compiling system in two of the three cases. The general use of the partial evaluator as a tool for the programmer in conjunction with certain programming techniques is discussed.     

Facing basic issues in office automation

A great deal has been written about office automation; most writers have backed their arguments with impressive statistics. But most of these statustics crumble under close scrutiny, and most basic concepts turn out to be poorly defined. This paper is an attempt to put at least parts of office automation on a rigorous academic footing.     

基于Petri网的办公自动化工作流建模

基于Petri网的建模方法具有坚实的数学基础和直观的图形表示,是对工作流建模和分析的理想工具。通过对办公自动化系统中的发文管理实例的描述,提出了一个基于Petri网办公自动化工作流模型,并对该模型进行了正确性验证,提高了办公自动化系统的实用和高效性。