双锥形管液压成形过程中破裂和起皱的力学条件

针对双锥形管液压成形过程,分析了破裂和皱纹产生的几何及力学原因,并用数值模拟和工艺实验进行了验证。研究结果表明,有益皱纹需要同时满足几何条件和力学条件。几何条件是补料结束时形成的局部皱纹表面积略小于零件相应的表面积。力学条件是皱纹形状参数G不小于中间皱峰半径R,皱峰在后续高压整形过程中壁厚无减薄。当几何条件不满足时,即坯料任一段表面积大于零件相应表面积会起皱,过小会破裂:当力学条件不满足时,整形过程中中间皱峰发生开裂。     

Mechanism of weld-line movement within hydroforming of tailor-welded tube

To reveal the reason of weld-line movement in hydroforming of a tailor-welded tube (TWT) with dissimilar thickness,the stress ratio of axial stress to circumferential stress is derived by mechanical analysis and analyzed between the thicker and thinner tubes,as well as the property of the axial strain. During TWT hydroforming,tensile strain along axial direction happens on the thinner tube. On the contrary,compressive strain happens on the thicker tube. Experiments are conducted to varify the weld-line movement regularity and strain distribution. It indicates that the weld-line moves from the thinner part to the thicker during TWT hydroforming. The thinning ratio of the thinner tube is bigger than that of the thicker tube,especially in the zone near weldline. Stress ratio difference between the thicker tube and the thinner tube is the main reason of weld-line movement and non-uniform thinning ratio distribution.     

外置钢管补强圆形钢桥墩的抗震性能

目的研究钢管径厚比和桥墩柱长细比参数对外置钢管补强圆形钢桥墩承栽力、延性和吸收能量的影响．方法在确定数值分析与实验数据吻合的基础上,采用MARC有限元程序,对外置钢管补强的圆形柱7个试件进行非线性数值分析．结果得到了在一定垂直荷载和水平往复荷载作用下荷载一位移滞回曲线．明确了外钢管的设置改善桥墩具有良好抗震性能的机理：当内钢管底部变形达到两管间的Dgap时,外钢管阻止了内钢管局部变形的发展,提高了结构的延性和承载力．结论除了λ＝0．15试件,其他的试件都是在56。时达到最大承载力,并且其大小变化不大．结构延性随着λ（或R1）的增大而减少．     

Characteristics of thickness distribution of tailor-welded tube hydroforming

Both experimental and mechanical analyses were carried out to investigate the characteristics of thickness distribution for tailor-welded tube (TWT) hydroforming with dissimilar thickness. Then, the effects of weld-seam position and thickness difference were also revealed. A multiple-diameter tube was formed to reveal the characteristics and the regularity of thickness distribution during TWT hydroforming. It is indicated that there are obvious fluctuations in thickness distribution though the TWTs have the same expansion ratio. The thinning ratio of thinner tube is bigger than that of thicker tube especially in the zone closed to the weld-seam. The difference in thinning ratio between two tube segments can reach 9%. Consequently, sudden and large fluctuation of thickness appears in the zone nearby the weld-seam. The difference in thinning ratio between thinner and thicker tubes enlarges as the thickness difference increases, but improves as length ratio increases. Different strain states are the main reason to induce nonuniform thickness distribution. The difference in thickness is the main reason to induce different strain states on thinner and thicker tubes.     

管件外压成形的数值模拟及屈曲特征分析

对采用液体介质在管坯外部施加压力,使坯料横截面缩小并成形到置于其内部的芯模上的外压成形方法进行了有限元数值模拟研究.分析了影响管件屈曲变形特征和成形过程的主要因素.研究表明:随着管坯长度的增加,环向屈曲波数减少,临界屈曲压力降低;随着管坯厚度的增加,环向屈曲波数减少,临界屈曲压力升高;带有一定不圆缺陷的管坯的临界屈曲压力与理想管坯相比降低很多,但在成形后期对壁厚和成形效果无明显影响.     

Influence of loading path on formability of 304 stainless steel tubes

The loading path affects the metal formability remarkably in tube hydroforming, and it is also one of the research focuses. Recently, some scholars abroad proposed a new fluctuant hydraulic loading method, which can improve the formability of tubes in hydroforming. Related studies have shown that this new loading method can improve the tube formability, the distribution of deformation is more uniform and this is useful for avoiding excessive local thinning. In this paper, tube hydroforming experiments without axial feeding were carried out; the influences of the loading methods on formability of stainless steel tubes were studied. Through the comparison of the experimental results under the condition of monotonous increase loading and fluctuation hydraulic loading, the outside diameter distribution, the thickness distribution and the crack expansion forms of deformation zone all fully prove that the uniformity of the distribution of tube deformation and formability have been increased significantly under the condition of fluctuation loading without axial feeding, the reasons should be distinguished from the fluctuation hydroforming with axial feeding. In order to study the forming mechanism, uniaxial tensile test of tubes similar to fluctuation loading deformation is designed in this paper, namely intermittent tensile test. It is found that intermittent uniaxial stretch can improve the tube elongation at fracture by about 40% and the deformation distribution is more uniform than that through uniaxial tensile test of the stainless steel tube. In the process of intermittent tensile tests, changes of metal microstructures brought by the loading and unloading processes are the main reasons that improve the formability of the tubes.     

环口套管加强型T型圆钢管节点的滞回性能研究

为了提高桁架管节点的承载力及抗震性能,采用环口套管加强方式对管节点进行加强.基于有限元分析环口套管加强型管节点在承受轴向循环荷载作用下的滞回性能.通过分析发现:环口套管加强模型滞回曲线包围的面积显著大于未加固模型滞回曲线所包围的面积.同时,由于环口套管提高了节点相贯部位的主管刚度,使得破坏部位于相贯处的焊趾处转移到了套管两端边缘部位的主管表面.此外,基于有限元计算结果,分析了模型的延性比和能量耗散等抗震性能参数.结果表明:加强型节点的延性比和能量耗散值均有大幅度提高.     

桩梁式托换技术有限元分析

地铁施工穿越既有建筑物桩基础时,可采用桩梁式托换技术支撑上部结构和截除下方桩基础。运用ANSYS有限元程序中的“单元生死”技术,可对托换前、托换后和截桩三个托换工况下桩和框架柱的轴力变化以及变形特性进行数值分析。研究结果表明：被动托换是在桩截除时,托换荷载通过托换梁传递到托换桩,托换梁跨中的下挠会引起被托换框架柱轴力减少和邻近框架柱轴力增大;主动托换是在千斤顶的顶升过程中,托换荷载通过托换梁传递到托换桩,顶升过程中被托换处的各层框架柱轴力值增加,而邻近框架柱轴力减少;当顶升至被托换桩轴力为零再进行截桩,可保证截桩前后的托换体系轴力、变形不发生变化。主动托换桩顶沉降差与被动托换相比小得多。     

体内张拉成形空间网格结构成形性能研究

作者对下弦管内索施加预应力张拉结构成形进行了有限元模拟计算,且综合考虑了几何非线性和材料非线性,分析了结构的成形性能.研究表明,上弦是结构成形过程中的主要受力构件,产生较大弯曲变形。主要承受弯矩和少量轴力;刚臂应力应变很小,但刚体转动很大,对结构有一定的约束作用;其他杆件应力很小.     

方形设肋薄壁钢管混凝土柱的恢复力模型

为了研究薄壁钢管混凝土柱的抗震性能,对6根方形设肋薄壁钢管混凝土柱在反复荷载作用下的滞回性能进行了试验研究,试验主要参数为轴压比(n=0.3~0.6).结果表明:当轴压比≯0.5时,滞回曲线较为饱满,延性系数均>3以上.随着轴压比的增大,构件的承载力略有提高,延性明显降低.采用有限元程序ABAQUS6.5计算每个试件的荷载-位移滞回曲线,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.在此基础上进行参数分析,研究混凝土强度、钢板强度、轴压比、长细比、钢板厚度对构件滞回性能的影响.并通过回归分析建立了薄壁钢管混凝土压弯构件的荷载-位移恢复力模型,模型的计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.     

基于ABAQUS的波纹管建模与仿真分析

利用ABAQUS软件对超弹性硅胶材料的波纹管进行建模,并对其内部充气加压模型进行有限元仿真分析.分析了不同波纹管壁厚对加压后的应力、轴向伸长和径向膨胀的影响.仿真结果表明:波纹管波峰处壁厚越厚,对其径向和轴向变形的约束能力越强,在薄壁情况下,加压后波纹管会存在约束不足而导致失稳的情况.该研究为波纹管在气动人工驱动器变形...     

薄壁套筒类零件磨削夹具的设计及其可靠性分析

为提高薄壁类零件的加工精度,利用蛇形弹簧受轴向力产生径向膨胀而夹紧零件的原理设计了一套薄壁套筒类零件磨削夹具.对夹具中的螺栓拧紧力矩与蛇形弹簧的轴向力之间的关系进行研究显示,当蛇形弹簧所受轴向力为5 000 N时,螺栓所需拧紧的力矩为309.46 N·m.利用Workbench软件对夹具中螺栓拧紧力矩(309.46 N·m)的工作状态进行有限元分析表明,夹具所使用的材料可满足其性能要求; 蛇形弹簧应力集中处为Φ25轴径处,蛇形弹簧过盈配合处(Φ36内径)胀紧变形为0.007 mm,最大应变为0.000 51,最大应力为101.79 MPa; 蛇形弹簧膨胀接触处为套阀阀芯变形最大处,最大径向变形量为0.002 1 mm、最大应力为25.22 MPa、最大应变为0.000 13.对夹具进行可靠性分析表明,其应力可靠度为100%.     

圆钢管混凝土截面轴力-弯矩-曲率关系实用计算方法

为便于有限元分析,建立圆钢管混凝土压弯构件截面轴力-弯矩-曲率关系实用计算方法,基于合理的钢管混凝土数值本构模型,利用截面分层法对圆钢管混凝土压弯构件截面轴力-弯矩-曲率关系进行全过程分析,根据轴压比、钢管屈服强度、混凝土强度等级和含钢率等各主要因素对轴力-弯矩-曲率关系的影响,通过大量参数分析,分别建立圆钢管混凝土压弯构件截面轴力-弯矩相关方程实用计算公式和轴力-弯矩-曲率关系实用计算方法.通过与圆钢管混凝土压弯构件截面轴力-弯矩相关承载力和轴力-弯矩-曲率关系曲线试验结果的对比,验证该实用计算公式和实用计算方法的正确性.研究结果为圆钢管混凝土结构非线性有限元分析奠定基础.测试结果显示了方法的有效性.     

不同壁厚钢管混凝土短柱轴压性能试验研究

为研究不同壁厚钢管混凝土短柱轴压力学性能,制作了10组不同壁厚的钢管混凝土短柱试件进行轴压性能对比试验.试验结果表明,钢管混凝土轴压短柱壁厚效应的本质是核心混凝土的围压效应.在弹性变形阶段,随着钢管壁厚增加,轴压短柱弹性极限承载力增加,试件弹性极限承载力与钢管壁厚呈线性关系.在塑性变形阶段,随着钢管壁厚增加,轴压短柱塑性变形模型增加,钢管混凝土短柱塑性变形模量与钢管壁厚呈线性关系,试件呈现理想塑性状态时的钢管壁厚约为5 mm.通过对几种典型轴压承载力计算公式进行试验验证,得出欧洲和日本标准能够较好预测不同壁厚钢管混凝土短柱试件的弹性极限承载力.     

考虑爆裂影响的轴向约束高强混凝土柱耐火性能研究

应用有限元软件ABAQUS,基于一次爆裂模式,建立了轴向约束高强混凝土（HSC）柱的抗火分析模型.采用试验数据验证了模型的合理性.采用验证后的模型,分析了不同轴向约束刚度比下高强混凝土柱轴力及位移变化的规律,重点考虑了爆裂深度、爆裂长度、爆裂开始时间等爆裂参数对高强混凝土柱轴向位移、截面温度场和耐火极限的影响规律.研究表明：相同爆裂时间前提下,HSC柱轴向位移随爆裂深度、爆裂长度的增大而增大,耐火极限随之减小.爆裂深度、爆裂长度相同前提下,爆裂开始时间对HSC柱的耐火性能影响很小.当荷载比不变时,轴向约束刚度比对HSC柱膨胀阶段的最大轴向位移影响甚小,但是在越过初始平衡位置的收缩阶段对轴向位移影响很大.轴向约束刚度比对轴向约束HSC柱的耐火极限影响不大.     

复合钢管混凝土轴压柱承载机理分析

基于混凝土的塑性损伤模型对外方内圆型复合钢管混凝土柱轴压试件的承载机理进行研究,对比了复合钢管混凝土柱和单钢管混凝土柱在加载过程中横截面上混凝土的纵向应力分布规律,揭示了该组合构件的承载机理:复合钢管混凝土柱中核心混凝土受到内外层钢管的双重约束作用,因此,核心混凝土的轴向应力比单钢管混凝土柱的纵向应力大,极限承载力也随之增大;但夹层混凝土的纵向应力与单管混凝土纵向应力两者相差不大;在此基础上分析钢管壁厚及混凝土强度等级等参数对复合柱力学性能的影响.     

T形钢管再生混凝土柱抗震性能有限元分析

以截面肢长、再生粗骨料取代率、钢管壁厚和轴压比为基本参数,采用大型通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS,对两种不同肢长的T形钢管混凝土柱模型在低周反复加载下的荷载-位移滞回曲线进行模拟计算,获得T形钢管再生混凝土柱在水平地震荷载作用下的滞回性能、变形能力和耗能能力,从而比较两种不同截面肢长T形钢管再生混凝土柱的抗震性能.相比于普通混凝土构件,再生混凝土构件表现出更好的变形能力和耗能能力.     

方钢管混凝土柱抗剪性能试验研究

研究方钢管混凝土柱在弯剪和压弯剪受力状态下的力学性能,进行了6个足尺方钢管混凝土柱的抗剪承载力试验,以剪跨比和轴压比作为主要参数,讨论试件的破坏形态、剪力-位移曲线等试验结果,分析剪跨比和轴压比等因素对构件抗剪承载力的影响,并对构件的抗剪性能进行非线性有限元分析.根据有限元计算结果,拟合推导出考虑轴压力影响的方钢管混凝土柱弯剪试件抗剪承载力与剪跨比关系的经验公式,公式计算结果与试验结果吻合较好,稍偏于安全,可供工程实践参考.     

火灾下钢筋混凝土墙计算模型及影响因素分析

采用有限元软件ABAQUS对火灾下钢筋混凝土墙的变形全过程进行了计算,计算结果与以往实验结果吻合较好。在此基础上,系统分析了轴压比、侧向荷载比、高厚比、墙厚度、混凝土抗压强度、钢筋屈服强度、配筋率和混凝土保护层厚度对钢筋混凝土墙变形和耐火极限的影响规律。研究结果表明,受火过程中,钢筋混凝土墙在无侧向荷载且轴压比或墙厚度较大、高厚比较小等情况下容易发生反向挠度现象,在工程常用参数范围内,墙耐火极限随着轴压比、侧向荷载比、高厚比、钢筋屈服强度或配筋率的增加而减小,随着墙厚度或混凝土强度的增加而增加。     

Numerical simulation and experimental investigation of incremental sheet forming process

In order to investigate the process of incremental sheet forming （ISF） through both experimental and numerical approaches, a three-dimensional elasto-plastic finite element model （FEM） was developed to simulate the process and the simulated results were compared with those of experiment. The results of numerical simulations, such as the strain history and distribution, the stress state and distribution, sheet thickness distribution, etc, were discussed in details, and the influences of process parameters on these results were also analyzed. The simulated results of the radial strain and the thickness distribution are in good agreement with experimental results. The simulations reveal that the deformation is localized around the tool and constantly remains close to a plane strain state. With decreasing depth step, increasing tool diameter and wall inclination angle, the axial stress reduces, leading to less thinning and more homogeneous plastic strain and thickness distribution. During ISF, the plastic strain increases stepwise under the action of the tool. Each increase in plastic strain is accompanied by hydrostatic pressure, which explains why obtainable deformation using ISF exceeds the forming limits of conventional sheet forming.