超临界CO2萃取花椒果皮总黄酮的工艺

以七年生花椒果皮为原料,进行超临界CO2萃取分离花椒总黄酮的工艺研究,采用硝酸铝-亚硝酸钠法对萃取物中的总黄酮含量进行了定量测定,重点考察了萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间以及夹带剂用量对总黄酮得率的影响.正交实验结果表明,各种因素对花椒萃取率的影响的程度从高到低依次为:萃取温度＞萃取压力＞萃取时间＞夹带剂用量.超临界CO2流体萃取花椒黄酮的优化条件为:萃取温度为50℃,萃取压力35MPa,萃取时间150min,夹带剂用量4mL/g,此时花椒总黄酮提取率为19.574％.     

超临界CO_2流体萃取洋葱油的工艺研究

进行超临界CO2萃取洋葱油的试验研究,探讨萃取压力、萃取温度、萃取时间以及夹带剂用量等对洋葱油得率的影响,并通过正交试验确定了超临界CO2技术萃取洋葱油的最佳工艺参数.结果表明,影响洋葱油得率主要因素的依次顺序为萃取压力>夹带剂用量>萃取温度>萃取时间.萃取压力20MPa,加入无水乙醇15%为夹带剂,萃取温度40℃,萃取时间240min,洋葱油得率可达到0.492%.     

超临界CO2从苹果渣中萃取苹果多酚的工艺研究

通过单因素和正交实验研究,对超临界CO2萃取苹果多酚的工艺进行了优化设计.实验结果表明：各因素对苹果多酚得率影响的主次顺序是：萃取时间＞萃取压力＞萃取温度＞料液比;最佳萃取实验工艺条件为：萃取压力35MPa,萃取温度50℃,萃取时间3h,物料粒度40目,夹带剂95%乙醇,料液比（g：mL）1：2,CO2流速45k/h,得率为0.1%.     

超临界CO_2法萃取芹菜叶黄酮

在考察超临界CO2萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间以及夹带剂用量等单因素对黄酮萃取率影响的基础上,采用Box-Behnken响应曲面设计法,建立影响因素和黄酮得率之间的回归方程。结果表明:萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间对超临界CO2萃取芹菜中黄酮工艺影响极显著,夹带剂用量影响显著,最佳提取工艺条件为萃取温度70℃、萃取压力30 MPa、萃取时间2.5 h、夹带剂用量为1 mL/g。该条件下黄酮得率为9.03%,与预测值相近,差异不显著,符合实验要求。     

葡萄籽油超临界流体萃取工艺

研究了温度、压力、时间、CO2体积流量对超临界流体萃取葡萄籽油得率的影响,并进行了最佳工艺优化.结果表明,影响CO2流体萃取葡萄皮精油效率因素的主次作用为萃取时间＞萃取压力＞萃取温度＞CO2体积流量,最佳工艺条件为萃取时间4 h、萃取温度45 ℃、CO2体积流量8 L/h、萃取压力30 MPa.葡萄籽油出油率为14.8%.     

超临界CO2萃取桑枝黄酮工艺的研究

以桑枝为研究对象,采用超临界CO₂萃取技术,以桑枝总黄酮得率为指标,通过单因素试验和正交试验考察了萃取温度、萃取时间、萃取压力和夹带剂流速对桑枝总黄酮得率的影响,优化超临界CO₂萃取桑枝黄酮工艺。结果表明,在萃取温度40℃、萃取时间45 min、萃取压力45 MPa以及夹带剂流速0.750 mL·min^-1的条件下,桑枝总黄酮得率为2.481 7 mg·g^-1,其中夹带剂流速对桑枝总黄酮得率的影响最为显著,萃取压力次之,萃取温度和萃取时间的影响相对较小。     

炒青绿茶儿茶素超临界CO_2萃取工艺优化研究

采用单因素试验和正交试验对炒青绿茶儿茶素超临界CO2萃取工艺进行探讨,确定萃取效果影响的程度从高到低依次为:萃取压力夹带剂乙醇用量萃取时间萃取粒度,最佳萃取工艺为:底物与夹带剂(乙醇)之比为100g/250mL,萃取压力25MPa,萃取温度50℃,粒度为60目,萃取120min。按照该工艺茶叶中儿茶素粗提物的得率为6.0536%。     

超临界CO2萃取核桃油的研究

研究了影响核桃油超临界CO2流体萃取的因素,在试验条件下,其影响因素次序为:夹带剂、萃取压力、CO2体积,萃取温度影响不大.优化了超临界CO2流体萃取核桃油的工艺条件:夹带剂无水乙醇,用量为投料量的质量分数的10%;萃取压力30 MPa,萃取温度35℃,萃取时间3.5 h,CO2流量15～20kg/h.用气相色谱法分析了超临界CO2流体萃取核桃油的脂肪酸酸组成和含量,其不饱和脂肪酸含量较高.     

花椒有效成分的CO_2超临界萃取工艺

通过对影响花椒CO2超临界萃取的因素:萃取压力、时间、温度、CO2流量、夹带剂用量进行考察,由正交试验确定了较优萃取工艺,对花椒有效成分提取率的影响依次为:萃取压力＞萃取时间＞萃取温度＞CO2流量＞乙醇夹带剂用量;得出超临界萃取的较优工艺,以期为花椒CO2超临界萃取的工业化大生产提供科学依据.     

利用超临界CO_2流体萃取小球藻精油中活性成分的工艺

采用超临界CO_2萃取小球藻精油,通过单因素试验研究了萃取温度、萃取压力、萃取时间和夹带剂用量对精油得率和精油中叶黄素浓度的影响,进一步采用响应面优化萃取工艺,得到小球藻精油的最佳萃取工艺是:萃取压力为24 MPa,萃取温度为36℃,萃取时间为3 h,夹带剂无水乙醇用量为155 mL。此时小球藻精油得率为5.68±0.06 (g/100 g藻粉)。叶黄素的最佳萃取工艺是:萃取压力为16 MPa,萃取温度为30℃,萃取时间为2.8 h,夹带剂无水乙醇用量为199 mL。得到叶黄素浓度为7.13±0.10 (mg/g小球藻精油)。此研究为超临界CO_2萃取小球藻精油及其活性成分提供基础数据。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the