紫甘蓝汁抗氧化成分及其活性研究

对紫甘蓝汁中的花色苷和总酚含量进行测定,并评估其抗氧化活性。紫甘蓝经漂烫后加等量利丁浆获得的清汁中总酚含量为386．8μg／mL,花色苷含量为228.3μg／mL,对DPPH·自由基的清除率为92．81%对β-胡萝卜素／亚油酸体系中油脂氧化抑制率为55．04％,是抗氧化活性物质的良好食物来源。     

不同品种甘薯汁抗氧化活性的研究

研究了9个品种甘薯汁的酚类物质及其抗氧化活性,旨在为甘薯汁的开发利用提供参考依据。分别采用Folin-酚法、亚硝酸钠法、pH示差法测定了甘薯汁的总酚、总黄酮、总花色苷含量。结果表明,甘薯汁中含有丰富的酚类物质,不同品种甘薯汁的总酚、总黄酮和总花色苷含量存在差异。通过4个体外抗氧化体系(FRAP法、DPPH自由基法、ABTS+自由基法、OH自由基法)评价了甘薯汁的抗氧化能力。结果显示,不同品种甘薯汁所呈现的抗氧化能力不同,酚类物质含量较高的甘薯汁其抗氧化能力较强。从抗氧化能力方面考虑,杭引薯1号、杭引薯3号、浙紫薯1、13号这4个抗氧化能力较强的品种较适合用于果汁加工以及功能性饮品的开发。     

5种柚汁中主要抗氧化成分含量及其抗氧化能力的比较

采用高效液相色谱法测定了5种柚汁中黄酮类物质、VC的含量.并用FRAP、DPPH及ABTS三种方法对其抗氧化能力做出评价.通过比较,得出佛柚汁中的柚皮苷含量、VC含量和总酚含量均为最高;除胡柚汁外,其他柚汁均未检测到橙皮苷和新橙皮苷;佛柚汁的抗氧化能力最强.酚类物质和VC则是柚汁中最主要的抗氧化物质.     

响应面优化黑果腺肋花楸汁澄清工艺及其抗氧化活性评价

该研究以壳聚糖为澄清剂,采用响应面法优化黑果腺肋花楸汁的澄清条件,筛选出最佳澄清工艺,并对其总黄酮、总酚、花色苷等活性成分进行测定,且通过测定DPPH自由基、羟自由基清除能力,Fe 3+还原能力以及总抗氧化能力评价其体外抗氧化活性。结果表明,黑果腺肋花楸汁最佳澄清条件为壳聚糖添加量0.56 g/100mL,澄清温度49℃,澄清时间67 min,在此条件下其透光率可达到93.89%;黑果腺肋花楸清汁与原汁相比各成分含量发生显著降低(P<0.05),且原汁的抗氧化能力总体上强于清汁。相关性分析表明,黑果腺肋花楸清汁中的总酚和总黄酮含量与清汁DPPH自由基清除率、羟自由基清除率、Fe 3+还原能力和总抗氧化能力呈现较好的相关性。研究结果显示,采用响应面法可优化黑果腺肋花楸汁的澄清工艺,提高汁液透光率,且黑果腺肋花楸汁具有较强的抗氧化活性,该研究为黑果腺肋花楸汁的实际开发利用提供数据支撑和理论基础。     

不同澄清剂对紫甘薯汁色泽及抗氧化活性的影响

研究了明胶、皂土、壳聚糖等澄清剂对紫甘薯汁澄清度、色泽及抗氧化活性的影响。试验结果表明,明胶、皂土和壳聚糖在对紫甘薯汁的澄清过程中伴随着花色苷的损失,总酚含量的减少及其抗氧化活性的降低。其中,壳聚糖引起紫甘薯汁花色苷的损失最大,即对紫甘薯汁色泽的影响最为显著。皂土导致紫甘薯汁总酚含量及其抗氧化能力下降程度最大。明胶对紫甘薯汁色泽和抗氧化活性影响最少,但是其澄清效果不佳。     

热处理对桑椹汁体外抗氧化活性的影响

研究了热处理对桑椹汁体外抗氧化活性的影响,且对热处理过程中桑椹汁的花色苷与抗氧化活性之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,桑椹汁有较强的还原能力,对DPPH·、O2-·、·OH均有较强的清除作用,热处理会显著降低桑椹汁抗氧化活性,80℃热处理6h后,还原能力降为原来的29.3%,对DPPH·、O2-·、·OH清除活性的保留率分别为38.7%、59.4%、56.2%;同时热处理过程中花色苷含量亦在下降,桑椹汁抗氧化活性与其花色苷残留率呈正相关。     

不同品种石榴花色苷、总多酚含量及抗氧化活性比较研究

石榴中含有丰富的花色苷和多酚类物质,具有良好的抗氧化活性。以5个石榴品种(大叶天红蛋、大红酸、净皮甜、御石榴和喀什红子酸石榴)为实验材料,分析其总花色苷、总多酚含量,并用DPPH、FRAP、ABTS、螯合亚铁离子法测定抗氧化活性,比较不同石榴品种总花色苷、总多酚含量及抗氧化活性。结果表明:不同石榴品种总花色苷含量范围为3.54～13.89mg/100g,总多酚含量范围为38.89～68.28mg/100g;清除DPPH自由基范围为24.30%～45.73%;FRAP法测得的还原力范围为0.38～0.78;清除ABTS+.能力范围为58.02%～83.40%;螯合亚铁离子能力范围为14.73%～70.60%。相对而言,喀什红子酸石榴抗氧化活性较好,其次为御石榴。     

精制对蚕蛹油抗氧化活性的影响

分别采用超临界CO2萃取和溶剂浸提2种途径从蚕蛹中提取毛油,再通过脱胶、脱酸、脱色、脱臭等工艺精制蚕蛹油,收集不同精制阶段的蛹油样品,测定色差变化,利用不同的抗氧化评价方法(包括总抗氧化能力FRAP、DPPH清除率、总酚含量、总类胡萝卜素含量)评估其抗氧化活性,并对评估结果进行相关性分析和主成分分析。结果表明,超临界萃取的蚕蛹毛油抗氧化活性明显优于正己烷浸提;随着精制过程的进行,蛹油亮度增加,黄色减少,自身抗氧化成分逐步损失,蛹油氧化稳定性下降,精制过程造成2种途径获得的蛹油总酚损失24.73%~65.14%,类胡萝卜素损失12.0%~69.27%,其中脱色阶段损失最为显著。相关性分析发现,蚕蛹油的抗氧化能力与总酚和类胡萝卜素的含量密切相关,而总抗氧化能力FRAP与DPPH清除率之间的相关性不显著;主成分分析发现,溶剂提取和超临界萃取2种途径制备的蚕蛹毛油抗氧化活性差异较大,但经精制处理后,二者的抗氧化能力又大幅下降至同一水平。     

贮藏温度对葡萄果实采后抗氧化活性的影响及动力学分析

以"甬优1号"葡萄果实为原料,探讨贮藏温度(273.15、283.15、293.15K)对果肉和果皮总酚、花色苷和抗氧化活性的影响,并应用Gomportz函数模型,对不同温度下葡萄果实贮藏期间抗氧化活性变化的动力学模型进行研究。结果表明,葡萄果实贮藏过程中果肉和果皮中的总酚含量下降,果皮中花色苷含量也呈下降趋势。0℃贮藏可显著抑制果肉和果皮中总酚含量及果皮中花色苷含量下降,保持葡萄果实较高的DPPH自由基清除能力。在Arrhenius动力学方程基础上得出葡萄果实贮藏期间果肉和果皮总酚、花色苷和抗氧化活性变化的速率常数随着贮藏温度的提高而增大,拟合所得总酚、花色苷含量和DPPH自由基清除能力一级动力学模型回归方程的决定系数均大于0.91。由果肉和果皮总酚、花色苷和抗氧化活性预测模型所得各抗氧化指标预测值与实测值之间的平均相对误差均小于10%,表明在贮藏温度273.15～293.15K(0～20℃)范围,可预测葡萄果实采后抗氧化物质含量及抗氧化能力的变化。     

不同品种板栗贮藏过程中总酚与抗氧化活性研究

为了研究不同品种板栗贮藏过程中总酚、黄酮含量与抗氧化能力之间的关系,采用Folin-Ciocalteau法测定总酚,以DPPH·清除率和FRAP作为抗氧化的衡量指标.测定结果表明:板栗仁不同部位总酚含量依次为栗仁表层＞缝合处＞整果＞子叶心部,六合晚熟的总酚含量比六合中熟高;板栗在120 d贮藏过程中总酚、黄酮含量和DPPH·清除率逐渐降低,六合晚熟的总酚含量高于六合中熟,两个品种板栗的总酚含量分别减少41.5%和45.8%,黄酮含量分别减少42%和44%,DPPH·清除率分别减少16%和14%.8个品种板栗总酚含量与DPPH·清除率、FRAP之间呈显著差异.黄酮与抗氧化相关性较低,贮藏过程中总酚、黄酮含量与DPPH·清除率间呈极显著差异.     

Contributions of phenolics and added vitamin C to the antioxidant capacity of pomegranate and grape juices: synergism and antagonism among constituents

The aim of this study was to examine the contribution of sugar, organic acid, neutral phenol, and anthocyanin fractions and added ascorbic acid to grape and pomegranate‐nectarine juice total phenol, oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) values. Neutral phenol and anthocyanin fractions contributed ≥75% of the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) for both juices. Intrinsic synergy and antagonism among the fractionated constituents occurred inconsistently in each assay. Sugars and organic acids antagonised pomegranate juice neutral phenols and anthocyanins in the DPPH assay by 50% and the grape juice ORAC value by 21%, but were synergistic to the grape juice FRAP value. The added ascorbic acid was dose‐dependently synergistic with pomegranate and grape juice total phenol, DPPH and FRAP assays, but less so in the ORAC assay. Thus, the interactions between grape and pomegranate juice constituents determine TAC and total phenol values, and synergy in these assays could not be attributed solely to polyphenols.     

发酵红树莓汁乳酸菌的筛选及抗氧化活性研究

从抗氧化活性、胃肠道环境耐受性、抑菌性能及菌体生长能力四个方面选出优良乳酸菌株,并对菌株发酵红树莓（Rubus idaeus L.）汁进行研究。结果表明,从12株乳酸菌中筛选出了1株优良副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）YJ1,菌株YJ1发酵红树莓汁中总黄酮和总酚含量分别增加了23.00%、18.58%,与未发酵的红树莓原汁相比,发酵后的红树莓汁体外抗氧化活性极显著提高（P＜0.01）,其DPPH和羟基自由基清除能力分别提高了22.92%、15.63%;2,2'-联氨-双-3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸（ABTS）和铁离子还原/抗氧化能力（FRAP）法测定的总抗氧化能力分别增加了36.31%、39.48%。     

Comparison of dynamic viscoelastic and physicochemical properties of pressurised and pasteurised longan juices with xanthan addition

Physical and biochemical properties of pressurised and pasteurised longan juices with various xanthan additions, such as viscoelastic behaviour, colour L (lightness), −a^∗ (greenness), b^∗ (yellowness), ΔE (total different colours) and BI (Browning Index) parameters, polyphenol oxidase (PPO) activity, ascorbic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, total phenols and antioxidant capacity (DPPH assay) were studied. Viscoelastic determination indicated that longan juice with 0.15% xanthan addition was optimal for a fruit drink. Colour parameters showed pressurised longan juice at 500 MPa was brighter and more transparent than fresh and other processed juices. PPO was completely inactivated in pasteurised juices, whereas in pressurised juices at 300 and 500 MPa, the activities were more than 100% and 95–99%, respectively. Bioactive components including ascorbic acid were significantly reduced according to treatment severities, whereas gallic and ellagic acids were relatively stable in all processed juices. Total phenols and DPPH radical-scavenging activity decreased significantly on pasteurisation, but were stable on pressurisation.     

基于品质指标的苹果浊汁品种与产地差异性分析

以来自7?个不同主产区的21?个主栽品种,共41?份苹果鲜果为研究对象,对每个品种鲜榨浊汁的出汁率、浊度、果汁颜色、褐变度、透光率、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、总酚、糖、有机酸、VC、矿物质、抗氧化性等品质指标进行测定。运用描述性分析、逐步线性判别分析进行数据处理。结果表明：不同品种或不同产地的苹果浊汁,品质差异较大。总体来看,a*值、原始浊度、褐变度、可滴定酸、葡萄糖、蔗糖、苹果酸等指标的变幅均较大,分别为94.07%、70.41%、42.86%、35.26%、42.02%、42.40%、37.69%。对于不同品种的苹果浊汁,由于褐变度、总酚、抗氧化性等色泽品质指标以及糖、酸等营养品质指标间具有较大差异,其分布呈现分散状态。其中新红星品种的褐变度、总酚含量、DPPH自由基清除率等品质指标普遍居高,色泽品质差异最显著。富士品种大部分样品的果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、苹果酸等指标含量较高,具有较好的营养品质。然而对于不同产地间的样品,其浊度、可滴定酸、可溶性固形物等加工品质指标具有较大差异,样品分布较为分散。河北省样品的出汁率、原始浊度、可滴定酸等指标普遍较低,加工品质较差。来自山东省不同品种苹果浊汁的样品以及来自不同产地富士苹果浊汁的样品间均具有较大差异,并且分别获得了77.8%和72.7%的判别准确率。以上结果表明,不同产地、不同品种苹果原料制得的苹果浊汁存在较大差异,通过对其品质指标进行差异性分析,可为上游育种与种植产业结构调整提供数据基础;通过判别模型的建立实现品种与产地的识别与预测,可以指导企业对苹果原料进行制汁专用化筛选。     

Antioxidant activity of pasteurized and sterilized commercial red orange juices

Blood orange juice is a typical Italian product whose red color is primarily associated with anthocyanin pigments. Two orange-based products are present on the market: pasteurized pure juice with 40 days of shelf life, and sterilized beverage containing minimum 12% of concentrated fruit juice. The aim of the present paper is to verify the relationships between the antioxidant properties and the anthocyanins content in a sampling of pasteurized and sterilized commercial red orange juices. The anthocyanins composition was determined by HPLC-MS/MS, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the Briggs-Rauscher reaction, selected in order to acquire information at acid pH values, by three radical scavenging assays (DMPD, 2-2'-azinobis-(3-ethylenbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), DPPH), and by FRAP assay to monitor the ferric reducing power. Results showed that antioxidant activity, particularly when measured by ABTS method, is positively related to the content of anthocyanins and that the reduction of anthocyanins content, typical of commercial long-shelf life juices, leads to a remarkable loss of antioxidant power.     

Effects of High Hydrostatic Pressure Combined with Blanching on Microorganisms and Quality Attributes of Cloudy and Clear Strawberry Juices

Effects of high hydrostatic pressure combined with blanching on microorganisms and quality attributes of strawberry juices were investigated. High hydrostatic pressure at 600 MPa/4 min/ambient temperature inactivated total aerobic bacteria, coliform bacteria, yeasts, and molds in juices, ensuring their microbiological safety. Under this condition, the cloudiness of cloudy juices increased by 54.49% and its viscosity decreased by 12.40%. Ascorbic acid decreased by 7.82% in cloudy juices and 12.60% in clear juices. The content of total volatile flavor compounds increased by 13.21% in cloudy juices and decreased by 6.92% in clear juices. No significant changes in anthocyanins, total phenols, and antioxidant capacity were found with high hydrostatic pressure treatment.     

Antioxidant capacity changes of 3 cultivar Chinese pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juices and corresponding wines

This study investigated the antioxidant capacities that included Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazine (DPPH), ·OH and O(2·)(-)-scavenging abilities, total polyphenols (TP) and total anthocyanins (TA) in pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) juice (PJ) and pomegranate wine (PW). The correlations among them were also analyzed. Both PJ and PW showed significantly high TP and antioxidant capacities, but some differences existed among these cultivars. There was 1596.67 mg/L TP found in sweet PJ, while sour PJ showed the highest titratable acidity of 35.90 g/L and lowest pH value at 2.56. Red PJ was found to have the highest TA (82.26 mg/L) in the 3 cultivars. Sweet PJ showed higher DPPH-scavenging ability and higher FRAP than others. Both PJ and PW exhibited high and relatively stable ·OH-scavenging abilities, in which sour PJ and sour PW had higher O(2·)(-) scavenging capacity than others. Significant positive correlations were observed among TP, DPPH, and FRAP in both PJ and PW. A high correlation between antioxidant capacities and TP indicated that phenolic compounds were major contributors to the high antioxidant activity of PJ and PW.     

Comparative study of phenolic content and antioxidant activity of strawberry puree,clear, and cloudy juices

The aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of phenolic compounds and their antioxidant activity in different kinds of juice: clear, cloudy, and puree which were made from three different strawberry cultivars (Elkat, Kent, and Senga Sengana). The anthocyanins, p-coumaric acid, ellagic acid, quercetin, keampferol derivatives, (+)-catechin, proanthocyanidins content and degree of proanthocyanidin polymerization, were determined both in the fresh and after 6 months of storage at 4 and 30 °C. Freshly produced juices contained higher amounts of phenolics, especially of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins, than those stored for 6 months at 4 and 30 °C. The processing of the clear juice showed the higher loss of all phenolic compounds. The antioxidant capacity was the smallest for clear, and the highest for the puree juices. This was assessed by measurements made with different antioxidant activity assays: ABTS and FRAP. The puree of strawberry juice had significantly higher levels of the phenolic compounds and showed more antioxidant activity than the clear and cloudy juices, before and after storage in all strawberry cultivars.     

刺葡萄皮醇提物和不同洗脱组分抗氧化成分及活性

以酸化甲醇为溶剂对刺葡萄皮进行超声波辅助提取,并用大孔树脂进行分离得到5 种不同洗脱组 分,研究刺葡萄皮醇提物和不同洗脱组分的活性成分及抗氧化能力。结果表明,刺葡萄皮含有较高含量的 多酚（1.836 mg/g mf）、黄酮（0.874 mg/ g mf）、VC（3.567 mg/g mf）、丹宁（3.578 mg/g mf）和花青素 （2.970 mg/g mf）,其1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼（1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl,DPPH）自由基清除能力、 2,2’-二氮-双（3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐自由基（2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical, ABTS＋·）清除能力、铁离子还原能力（ferric reducing antioxidant power,FRAP）分别为22.325、17.595、 26.487 μmol TE/g mf。在5 种组分中以水解吸组分活性成分含量最高,其多酚、黄酮、VC、丹宁和花青素含量分别 为0.876、0.116、1.577、1.576 mg/g mf和1.330 mg/g mf,其DPPH自由基、ABTS＋·清除能力和FRAP分别为3.636、10.109、 13.415 μmol TE/g mf,相关性分析表明抗氧化活性与活性成分花青素、丹宁、VC含量呈强相关关系,表明抗氧化活性可 能主要由这3 种活性物质贡献。本研究结果表明,刺葡萄皮有潜力作为膳食补充抗氧化物质的主要来源。